Emilian-Romagnol is a

linguistic continuum A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated variet ...

part of the Gallo-Romance languages spoken in the northern Italian region of

Emilia-Romagna egl, Emigliàn (man) egl, Emiglièna (woman) rgn, Rumagnòl (man) rgn, Rumagnòla (woman) it, Emiliano (man) it, Emiliana (woman) or it, Romagnolo (man) it, Romagnola (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title ...

. It is divided into two main varieties: Emilian and Romagnol. While first registered under a single code in ISO standard 639-3, in 2009 this was retired in favour of two distinct codes for the two varieties, due to the cultural and literary split between the two parts of the region, making Emilian and Romagnol distinct

ethnolinguistic Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is an area of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between a language and the nonlinguistic cultural behavior of the people who speak that language. __NOTOC__ Examples ...

entities. Since 2015, Emilian and Romagnol are considered, with separated entries, definitely endangered languages according to the

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international coope ...

Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger The UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger'' is an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced the ''Red Book of Endangered Languages'' as a title in print after a ...

Description

As part of the

Gallo-Italic languages The Gallo-Italic, Gallo-Italian, Gallo-Cisalpine or simply Cisalpine languages constitute the majority of the Romance languages of northern Italy. They are Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian, Ligurian, and Romagnol. Although most publications def ...

, Emilian-Romagnol is most closely related to the Lombard, Piedmontese and Ligurian languages, all of which are spoken in neighboring regions. Among other Gallo-Italic languages, Emilian-Romagnol is characterized by systematic raising and diphthongization of latin stressed vowels in

open syllables A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants). Syllables are often considered the phonological " ...

, as well as widespread syncope of unstressed vowels other than /a/ and use of

vowel gradation In linguistics, apophony (also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, internal inflection etc.) is any alternation wit ...

in the formation of plurals and certain verb tenses.

Dialects

* Emilian ** Carrarese dialect ** Lunigianese dialect ** Tortonese dialect ** Pavese-Vogherese dialect, Oltrepò dialect ** Placentine dialect, Bobbiese dialect **

Modenese dialect Emilian ( egl, emigliàn, links=no, ; it, emiliano, links=no) is a Gallo-Italic language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the northwestern part of Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy. There is no standardised version ...

, Carpesan dialect, Mirandolese dialect, Frignanese dialect ** Reggio dialect, Guastallese dialect ** Parmesan dialect ** Casalmaggiore-Viadana dialect ** Mantuan dialect ** Lower Mantuan dialect ** Bolognese dialect *** Bologna city dialect *** Mid-mountains dialects *** Upper mountains dialects *** Northern plains dialects *** Eastern plains dialects *** Western plains dialects ** Ferrara dialect ***Comacchio dialect * Romagnol ** Ravenna dialect ** Forlì dialect ** Cesena dialect ** Rimini dialect ** Sammarinese dialect ***north-eastern (

Serravallian The Serravallian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series, which spans the time between 13.82 Ma and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the Langhian and is followed by the Torto ...

) ***south-western ***south-eastern * Gallo-Picene: classification is disputed. While generally considered close to Romagnol, being part of the Gallo-Italic group, some have suggested a third component of Emilian-Romagnol continuum ** Urbinate dialect ** Montefeltrin dialect ** Pesarese dialect ** Fanese dialect ** Senigallia dialect ** Conero Gallo-Italic dialects ** Upper Tiber transitional dialects

Controversy

Native speakers reject the suggestion to consider Emilian-Romagnol as one language, which is perceived as an artifice imposed top-down by academics, and much rather prefer identify as speakers of distinct Emilian or Romagnol languages (especially in

Romagna Romagna ( rgn, Rumâgna) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to th ...

), or directly of the local variants of the two.

References

Gallo-Italic languages Languages of Italy Languages of Emilia-Romagna Languages of Lombardy Languages of Liguria Languages of le Marche Languages of San Marino {{Romance-lang-stub

Description

Dialects

Controversy

See also

References