The title of Earl Marischal was created in the Peerage of Scotland for William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland.

History

The office of Marischal of Scotland (or ''Marascallus Scotie'' or ''Marscallus Scotiae'') had been hereditary, held by the senior member and Chief of

Clan Keith Clan Keith is a Highland and Lowland Scottish clan, whose Chief historically held the hereditary title of Marischal, then Great Marischal, then Earl Marischal of Scotland.Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). ''Collins Scottish Clan & Family E ...

, since Hervey ''(Herveus)'' de Keith, who held the office of Marischal under

Malcolm IV Malcolm IV ( mga, Máel Coluim mac Eanric, label=Medieval Gaelic; gd, Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig), nicknamed Virgo, "the Maiden" (between 23 April and 24 May 11419 December 1165) was King of Scotland from 1153 until his death. He was the eldest ...

and William I. The descendant of Herveus, Sir Robert de Keith (d.1332), was confirmed in the office of Great Marischal of Scotland by King Robert the Bruce around 1324. Robert de Keith's great-grandson, William, was raised to the Peerage as Earl Marischal by James II in about 1458. The peerage died out when George Keith, the 10th Earl, forfeited it by joining the

Jacobite Rising of 1715 The Jacobite rising of 1715 ( gd, Bliadhna Sheumais ; or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts. At Braemar, Aberdeenshire ...

. The role of the Marischal was to serve as custodian of the Royal Regalia of Scotland, and to protect the king's person when attending parliament. The former duty was fulfilled by the 7th Earl during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, who hid them at Dunnottar Castle. The role of regulation of heraldry carried out by the English

Earl Marshal Earl marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal) is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the U ...

is carried out in Scotland by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The separate office of Knight Marischal was first created for the Scottish coronation of King Charles I in 1633. The office is not heritable, although it has been held by members of the Keith family. The title was forfeited in 1715, due to the last Earl's participation in the Jacobite Rising.

Marischals and Great Marischals of Scotland

# Hervey de Keith (d. c. 1196) #

Philip de Keith Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...

(d. c. 1225), paternal grandson of Hervey de Keith, older brother of David de Keith # David de Keith, paternal grandson of Hervey de Keith, younger brother of Philip de Keith (co-jointly with his brother above and paternal nephew below) # Hervey de Keith (d. c. 1250), paternal nephew of David de Keith # Richard de Keith (fl. 12??) # David de Keith (fl. 1269) # John de Keith (d. c. 1270) # William de Keith (d. c. 1293) # Sir Robert Keith (d. 1332) # Sir Robert Keith (d. 1346) # Sir

Edward Keith Sir Edward Keith (d. 17 Oct 1346) was a Scottish nobleman and hereditary 11th Marischal of Scotland. Biography Sir Edward Keith was the son of William de Keith (d. ), 8th Marischal of Scotland, and Barbara de Seaton, daughter of Adam de Seaton. ...

(d. c. 1351) # Sir William Keith (d. c. 1410) # Sir Robert Keith (d. c. 1430) # William Keith, Marischal of Scotland (d. 1463)

Earls Marischal of Scotland (c. 1458)

William Keith, 1st Earl Marischal The title of Earl Marischal was created in the Peerage of Scotland for William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland. History The office of Marischal of Scotland (or ''Marascallus Scotie'' or ''Marscallus Scotiae'') had been hereditary, held by ...

(d. 1483)Marischal, Earl (S, 1458 - forfeited 1716)
Cracroft's PeerageMcGladdery, C. A. 2004 "Keith family (per. c. 1300–c. 1530), nobility." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
/ref> #

William Keith, 2nd Earl Marischal William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...

(d. 1530) #

William Keith, 3rd Earl Marischal William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...

(d. 1581)Wasser, Michael. 2016 "Keith, William, third Earl Marischal (c. 1510–1581), magnate." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
/ref> # William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal (d. 15??) # George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal (c. 1553 – 1623)Simmons, John. 2004 "Keith, George, fourth Earl Marischal (1549/50–1623), magnate and founder of Marischal College, Aberdeen." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
/ref> # William Keith, 6th Earl Marischal (c. 1585 – 1635)Henderson, T. F. 2004 "Keith, William, fifth Earl Marischal (c. 1585–1635), naval official." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
/ref> # William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal (1614 – 1671)Stevenson, David. 2006 "Keith, William, sixth Earl Marischal (1614–1671), nobleman." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
/ref> # George Keith, 8th Earl Marischal (d. 1694)Nicholson, Eirwen E. C. 2004 "Drummond (married name Keith), Mary, Countess Marischal (1675–1729), Jacobite sympathizer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
/ref> # William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal (c. 1664 – 1712) #

George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal {{Infobox noble , name = George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal , title = Earl Marischal , image = George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal by Placido Costanzi.jpg , caption = George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal ...

(c. 1693 – 1778) (''forfeit 1715'')Furgol, Edward M. 2006 "Keith, George, styled tenth Earl Marischal (1692/3?–1778), Jacobite army officer and diplomatist in the Prussian service." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
/ref> Before the sequence was revised by

Thomas Innes of Learney Sir Thomas Innes of Learney (1893–1971) was a Scottish officer of arms who was Lord Lyon from 1945 to 1969. He was Carrick Pursuivant and Albany Herald in the 1920s and 1930s. He was a very active Lord Lyon, strongly promoting his views ...

in 1927, the 1st Earl's father, William Keith (died 1463), was deemed to be the first Earl Marischal, so that the final Earl was the eleventh.Innes, Thomas. "The First Earl Marischal." The Scottish Historical Review 24, no. 96 (1927): 280-97
/ref>

References

* Balfour Paul, Sir James-''

The Scots Peerage ''The Scots Peerage'' is a nine-volume book series of the Scottish nobility compiled and edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, published in Edinburgh from 1904 to 1914. The full title is ''The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Rober ...

Vol. VI.'' Edinburgh 1909 * {{DEFAULTSORT:Earl Marischal Lists of Scottish people Great Officers of State of Scotland Political office-holders in Scotland Positions within the British Royal Household Forfeited earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland Noble titles created in 1458

History

Marischals and Great Marischals of Scotland

Earls Marischal of Scotland (c. 1458)

See also

References