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ERG theory is a theory in
psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between ...
proposed by Clayton Alderfer. Alderfer further developed
Maslow's hierarchy of needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal '' Psychological Review''. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his o ...
by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (
Existence Existence is the ability of an entity to interact with reality. In philosophy, it refers to the ontological property of being. Etymology The term ''existence'' comes from Old French ''existence'', from Medieval Latin ''existentia/exsistentia ...
,
Relatedness The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of t ...
and Growth). The existence category is concerned with the need for providing the basic material existence requirements of humans. The relatedness category is concerned about the desire for maintaining important
interpersonal relationship The concept of interpersonal relationship involves social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. Interpersonal relationships vary in their degree of intimacy or self-disclosure, but also in their duration, in t ...
s. The growth category is concerned about the desire for
personal development Personal development or self improvement consists of activities that develop a person's capabilities and potential, build human capital, facilitate employability, and enhance quality of life and the realization of dreams and aspirations. Personal ...
. These include the intrinsic component from Maslow's esteem category and the characteristics included under
self-actualization Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest level of psychological development, where personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled. Self-actualization was coined by the organism ...
. Alderfer categorized Maslow's physiological needs and Maslow's safety needs into the existence category, Maslow's social needs and Maslow's extrinsic component of self-esteem needs into the relatedness category, and Maslow's intrinsic component of self-esteem needs and Maslow's self-actualization needs into the growth category. Alderfer also proposed a progression and regression theory to go along with the ERG theory: he said that when needs in a lower category are satisfied, an individual will invest more efforts in the higher category, and when needs in a higher category are frustrated, an individual will invest more efforts in the lower category. For example if self-esteem or self-actualization is not met then an individual will invest more effort in the relatedness category in the hopes of achieving the higher need.


Publication

This theory was published originally in the journal ''Organizational Behavior and Human Performance''.


See also

*
Engel's law Engel's law is an economic relationship proposed by the statistician Ernst Engel in 1857. Even though Engel's law was proposed roughly 160 years ago, it holds relevance today in the context of poverty, especially the reduction of poverty. For ...
, an economic model for how well basic needs are met * John Curtis Gowan *
Juan Antonio Pérez López Juan Antonio Pérez López (1934–1996) was a Spanish business theorist. He was professor of ''Organizational Behavior'' at the IESE Business School (Spain), where he became Dean (1978–1984). He was also a visiting professor at PAD Business Sc ...
, spontaneous and rational motivation　 * Manfred Max-Neef's Fundamental human needs *
Maslow's hierarchy of needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal '' Psychological Review''. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his o ...
* Metamotivation * Murray's psychogenic needs *
Need theory Need theory, also known as Three needs theory,
Umuc.edu. Retrieved July 16, 2014. proposed by
Need A need is dissatisfaction at a point of time and in a given context. Needs are distinguished from wants. In the case of a need, a deficiency causes a clear adverse outcome: a dysfunction or death. In other words, a need is something required for a ...


References

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External links


A Theory of Human Motivation
original 1943 article by Maslow. Human development Interpersonal relationships Organizational behavior Personal development Personal life Developmental psychology Motivational theories Happiness Stage theories Psychological concepts Positive psychology