Evolutionary programming is one of the four major
evolutionary algorithm
In computational intelligence (CI), an evolutionary algorithm (EA) is a subset of evolutionary computation, a generic population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. An EA uses mechanisms inspired by biological evolution, such as rep ...
paradigms. It is similar to
genetic programming, but the structure of the program to be optimized is fixed, while its numerical parameters are allowed to evolve.
It was first used by
Lawrence J. Fogel in the US in 1960 in order to use simulated
evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
as a learning process aiming to generate
artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machine
A machine is a physical system using Power (physics), power to apply Force, forces and control Motion, moveme ...
. Fogel used
finite-state machines as predictors and evolved them.
Currently evolutionary programming is a wide
evolutionary computing dialect with no fixed structure or (
representation
Representation may refer to:
Law and politics
*Representation (politics), political activities undertaken by elected representatives, as well as other theories
** Representative democracy, type of democracy in which elected officials represent a ...
), in contrast with some of the other dialects. It has become harder to distinguish from
evolutionary strategies
An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a strategy (or set of strategies) that is ''impermeable'' when adopted by a population in adaptation to a specific environment, that is to say it cannot be displaced by an alternative strategy (or set of ...
.
Its main variation operator is
mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, m ...
; members of the population are viewed as part of a specific species rather than members of the same species therefore each parent generates an offspring, using a (μ + μ)
survivor selection.
See also
*
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machine
A machine is a physical system using Power (physics), power to apply Force, forces and control Motion, moveme ...
*
Genetic algorithm
*
Genetic operator
References
* Fogel, L.J., Owens, A.J., Walsh, M.J. (1966), ''Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution'', John Wiley.
* Fogel, L.J. (1999), ''Intelligence through Simulated Evolution : Forty Years of Evolutionary Programming'', John Wiley.
* Eiben, A.E., Smith, J.E. (2003)
''Introduction to Evolutionary Computing''Springer
External links
* ttp://www.cleveralgorithms.com/nature-inspired/evolution/evolutionary_programming.html Evolutionary Programming by Jason Brownlee (PhD)
Evolutionary algorithms
Optimization algorithms and methods
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