The Eumaeini are a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

of gossamer-winged butterflies (

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Lycaenidae). They are typically placed in the subfamily Theclinae, but sometimes considered a separate subfamily Eumaeinae. Over 1,000 species are found in the Neotropical realm

Systematics

As not all Theclinae have been assigned to tribes, the genus list is preliminary. However, much progress has been made in sorting out the profusion of

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are al ...

ous

taxa In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...

, and at least some degree of stability has been achieved in the early years of the 21st century. While there is no good

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

hypothesis yet for the subfamily, groups of at least apparently related

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

have been delimited. They are sometimes called "sections", but do not correspond to the taxonomic rank of section (the section in which the gossamer-winged butterflies are placed is the

Cossina Cossina is the name for both a section and subsection of Ditrysian insects in the order containing both butterflies and moths having a dorsal heart vessel. The section named Cossina contains two subsections: one also named Cossina (containing mo ...

); if validated as clades and assigned taxonomic rank, they would qualify as subtribes.See Brower (2008) and the references in Savela (2008) There is still much work to be done, including the splitting of such notorious "

wastebin taxa Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically define ...

" as '' Callophrys'', and the establishment of a robust phylogenetic and

evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...

ary scenario. Pending this, the groups are listed here in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, while genera are simply sorted alphabetically. ''Eumaeus'' group * '' Eumaeus'' * ''

Mithras Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras, was a Roman mystery religion centered on the god Mithras. Although inspired by Iranian worship of the Zoroastrian divinity (''yazata'') Mithra, the Roman Mithras is linke ...

'' (including ''Paraspiculatus'') * ''

Paiwarria ''Paiwarria'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm. Species *'' Paiwarria antinous'' (C. & R. Felder, 865 *'' Paiwarria aphaca'' (Hewitson, 1867) *'' Paiwarria chuchuvia ...

'' (including ''Fasslantonius'') * ''

Theorema ''Theorema'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The members (species) of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physi ...

'' ''Brangas'' group * '' Brangas'' * ''

Dabreras ''Dabreras'' is a Neotropical butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. The genus is monotypic containing the single species ''Dabreras teucria'', which is found from Venezuela to Peru and Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Fe ...

'' * '' Enos'' (including ''Chopinia'', ''Falerinota'') * '' Evenus'' (including ''Cryptaenota'', ''Endymion'', ''Ipocia'', etc.) * ''

Lamasina ''Lamasina'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae); the validity of its name is subject to dispute. Among its family, these sexually dimorphic Lepidoptera belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. ''Lamasina ...

'' (= ''Annamaria''Possibly a '' nomen nudum'') * ''

Thaeides ''Thaeides'' is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also call ...

'' ''Atlides'' group * '' Arcas'' * '' Atlides'' (including ''Riojana'') * '' Pseudolycaena'' * ''

Theritas ''Theritas'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae) found in the Neotropics. Among the tribe Eumaeini of its subfamily Theclinae, it is usually placed in the group around the genus '' Atlides''. In particular, it seems m ...

'' (including ''Aveexcrenota'', ''Denivia'', ''Lucilda'', etc.) ''Micandra'' group (formerly in ''Atlides'' group) * ''

Brevianta Brevianta is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

'' * ''

Busbiina ''Busbiina'' is a genus of Neotropical butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. Its sole species, ''Busbiina bosora'', is known from Ecuador. References Eumaeini Lycaenidae of South America Monotypic butterfly genera Lycaenidae genera ...

'' * '' Ianusanta'' * '' Ipidecla'' * ''

Johnsonita The members (species) of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm. ''Johnsonita'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Species *''Johnsonita assula'' (Draudt, 1919) * ''Johnsonita auda'' (Hewitson, 1867) * ''Johnsonita cata ...

'' * ''

Micandra ''Micandra'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The members (species) of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Phys ...

'' (including ''Egides'') * ''

Penaincisalia ''Penaincisalia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. It contains the following species, all found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Phy ...

'' (including ''Abloxurina'', ''Candora'', etc.) * '' Phothecla'' * ''

Podanotum ''Podanotum'' is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.All the species except ''Podanotum salaeides'' (Draudt, 1919) are recently described. References Eumaeini Lycaenidae of South America Lycaenidae genera { ...

'' * '' Rhamma'' (including ''Paralustrus'', ''Pontirama'', ''Shapiroana'') * '' Salazaria'' * '' Temecla'' * ''

Timaeta ''Timaeta'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it inc ...

'' (including ''Jagiello'', ''Trochusinus'') ''Thereus'' group * ''

Arawacus ''Arawacus'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly called stripestreaks. The species of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm. Species include: * '' Arawacus aethesa'' (Hewitson, 1867) Brazil (Bahia) * ...

'' – stripestreaks * '' Contrafacia'' * '' Kolana'' * ''

Rekoa ''Rekoa'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm. Species * ''Rekoa bourkei'' (Kaye, 1925) - Jamaican hairstreak * ''Rekoa malina'' (Hewitson, 1867) * '' Rekoa marius'' ...

'' * ''

Thereus __NOTOC__ ''Thereus'' is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs belong to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.See referenc ...

'' (including ''Noreena'', ''Pedusa'') ''Satyrium'' group * ''

Chlorostrymon ''Chlorostrymon'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

'' * ''

Magnastigma ''Magnastigma'' is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. References Eumaeini Butterflies of Central America Lycaenidae of South America Fauna of the Amazon Lycaenidae genera {{Eumaeini-stub ...

'' * '' Ocaria'' (including ''Lamasa'', ''Variegatta'') * ''

Phaeostrymon ''Phaeostrymon alcestis'', the soapberry hairstreak, is the only species of the gossamer-winged butterfly genus ''Phaeostrymon''. It is found in southwestern United States and Mexico. Eumaeini Monotypic butterfly genera Lycaenidae gen ...

'' * '' Satyrium'' (including ''Harkenclenus'', ''Neolycaena'', etc.) ''Callophrys'' group * '' Callophrys'' (including ''Incisalia'', ''Mitoura'', ''Xamia'', etc.) – green hairstreaks and elfins * ''

Cyanophrys ''Cyanophrys'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae erected by William J. Clench in 1961. The species of this genus are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Species *'' Cyanophrys acaste'' (Prittwitz, 1865) *'' Cyanophry ...

'' ''Thestius'' group * ''

Bistonina ''Bistonina'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Species *''Bistonina erema'' (Hewitson, 1867) *''Bistonina biston'' (Möschler, 1877) *''Bistonina bactriana'' (Hewitson, 1868) *''Bistonina feretria'' (Hewitson, 1878) ...

'' * ''

Megathecla ''Megathecla'' is a gossamer-winged butterfly genus of tribe Eumaeini in the subfamily Theclinae. These butterflies are found in the Neotropical realm. The distinctness of this genus was only recognized after the year 2000, even though the typ ...

'' (including ''Cupathecla'', ''Gullicaena'') * ''

Lathecla ''Lathecla'' is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. References Eumaeini Lycaenidae of South America Lycaenidae genera {{Eumaeini-stub ...

'' * '' Thestius'' ''Allosmaitia'' group * '' Allosmaitia'' * '' Janthecla'' * ''

Laothus ''Laothus'' is a genus of butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, ...

'' ''Lamprospilus'' group ( groundstreaks and allies) * '' Arumecla'' * ''

Calycopis ''Calycopis'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Massively split up by Kurt Johnson in 1991, most modern authors consider the changes proposed at that time to be unjustified. Most of the species of this genus are found in the N ...

'' (including ''Calystryma'', ''Femniterga'', etc.) * '' Camissecla'' * '' Electrostrymon'' (including ''Angulopis'') * '' Lamprospilus'' * '' Ziegleria'' (including ''Kisutam'') ''Strymon'' group ( scrub hairstreaks) * '' Strymon'' (including ''Eiseliana'') ''Tmolus'' group * '' Exorbaetta'' * ''

Gargina ''Gargina'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Neotropical realm. Species *''Gargina gargophia'' (Hewitson, 1877) *''Gargina thyesta'' (Hewitson, 1869) *''Gargina caninius'' (Druce, 19 ...

'' * '' Ministrymon'' * '' Nicolaea'' * ''

Ostrinotes ''Ostrinotes'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly ...

'' * '' Siderus'' * '' Strephonota'' (including ''Dindyminotes'', ''Letizia'', etc.) * '' Theclopsis'' (including ''Asymbiopsis'') * '' Tmolus'' ''Panthiades'' group * '' Beatheclus'' Bálint & Dahners, 2006 * '' Ignata'' * ''

Michaelus ''Michaelus'' is a genus of butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wing ...

'' * '' Oenomaus'' * '' Olynthus'' * '' Panthiades'' (including ''Cycnus'') * '' Parrhasius'' * ''

Porthecla ''Porthecla'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also ca ...

'' * '' Thepytus'' ''Hypostrymon'' group * ''

Apuecla ''Apuecla'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

'' * '' Aubergina'' * ''

Balintus ''Balintus'' is a gossamer-winged butterfly genus of the tribe Eumaeini in the subfamily Theclinae. Its only known species, ''Balintus tityrus'', is found in the Neotropical realm, where it is endemic to Colombia.Celmia'' (including ''Cyclotrichia'') * '' Dicya'' (including ''Caerofethra'') * '' Hypostrymon'' * ''

Iaspis IASPIS, ''The International Artists Studio Program in Stockholm'', is a cultural exchange program financed by the Swedish Government The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden ( sv, Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet of Sweden, ...

'' * '' Marachina'' * ''

Nesiostrymon ''Nesiostrymon'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also ...

'' * '' Terenthina'' * ''

Trichonis ''Trichonis'' is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. One species, ''Trichonis immaculata'', is a small blue butterfly found in the West Indies. The outer edges of the forewings are dark blue with the remainder of t ...

'' ''Erora'' group * ''

Erora ''Erora'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae erected by Samuel Hubbard Scudder in 1872. The species of this genus are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Species *'' Erora laeta'' (Edwards, 1862) – early hairstreak *' ...

'' * '' Chalybs'' * '' Semonina'' * '' Symbiopsis'' Unplaced (TOL) * ''

Badecla ''Badecla'' is a Neotropical genus in the family Lycaenidae. Species *'' Badecla argentinensis'' *''Badecla badaca ''Badecla'' is a Neotropical genus in the family Lycaenidae. Species *''Badecla argentinensis'' *''Badecla badaca'' (H ...

Footnotes

References

* (2008): Tree of Life Web Project &ndash
Eumaeini
Version of 2008-APR-24. Retrieved 2008-NOV-11. * (2008)

Version of 2008-SEP-05. Retrieved 2008-NOV-11. {{Taxonbar, from=Q996517 Theclinae Taxa named by Henry Doubleday Butterfly tribes