''Epinotia'' is a very large
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
tortrix moth
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genu ...
s (
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Tortricidae). It belongs to the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...
Eucosmini
The Eucosmini are a tribe of tortrix moth
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the ...
of
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Tortricidae.
Genera ''incertae sedis''
This tortricine genus has not been assigned to a tribe yet:
:''Melanalopha''
References
* Olethreutine Moths of the Midwestern United States, An Ident ...
.
Species
166
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
of ''Epinotia'' were considered valid as of 2009. Though many tortrix moth genera are fairly comprehensively studied, with little other than
cryptic species complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
es remaining undiscovered, distinct new species of ''Epinotia'' are being described every few years or so. With such a large and insufficiently known
taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...
, it is of course possible that the group may not be
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
as circumscribed here:
* ''
Epinotia abbreviana''
(Fabricius, 1794)
* ''
Epinotia abnormana''
Kuznetzov, 1973
* ''
Epinotia absconditana''
(Walker, 1863)
* ''
Epinotia aciculana''
Falkovitsh, 1965
* ''
Epinotia albangulana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia albicapitana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia albiguttata''
(Oku, 1974)
* ''
Epinotia algeriensis''
Chambon ''in'' Chambon, Fabre & Khemeci, 1990
* ''
Epinotia aquila''
Kuznetzov, 1968
* ''
Epinotia araea''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Epinotia arctostaphylana''
(Kearfott, 1904)
* ''
Epinotia aridos''
Freeman, 1960
* ''
Epinotia atacta''
Diakonoff, 1992
* ''
Epinotia autonoma''
Falkovitsh, 1965
* ''
Epinotia autumnalis''
Oku, 2005
* ''
Epinotia balsameae''
Freeman, 1965
* ''
Epinotia biangulana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia bicolor''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Epinotia bicordana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia bigemina''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia bilunana''
* ''
Epinotia bricelus''
Diakonoff, 1992
* ''
Epinotia brunnichana''
* ''
Epinotia bushiensis''
Kawabe, 1980
* ''
Epinotia canthonias''
(Meyrick, 1920)
* ''
Epinotia caprana''
(Fabricius, 1798)
* ''
Epinotia castaneana''
(Walsingham, 1895)
* ''
Epinotia cedricida''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Epinotia celtisana''
(Riley, 1881)
* ''
Epinotia cercocarpana''
(Dyar, 1903)
* ''
Epinotia chloana''
Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2006
* ''
Epinotia chloizans''
Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2006
* ''
Epinotia cineracea''
Nasu, 1991
* ''
Epinotia clasta''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Epinotia columbia''
(Kearfott, 1904)
* ''
Epinotia contrariana''
(Christoph, 1882)
* ''
Epinotia corylana''
McDunnough, 1925
* ''
Epinotia coryli''
Kuznetzov, 1970
* ''
Epinotia crenana''
(Hübner, 817
__NOTOC__
Year 817 ( DCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Summer – Emperor Louis I issues an ''Ordinatio Imperii'', an imperial decree that lays out plans for an orderl ...
* ''
Epinotia criddleana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia cruciana'' – willow tortrix
* ''
Epinotia cuphulana''
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
* ''
Epinotia dalmatana''
(Rebel, 1891)
* ''
Epinotia demarniana''
* ''
Epinotia densiuncaria''
Kuznetzov, 1985
* ''
Epinotia deruptana''
Kennel, 1901
* ''
Epinotia digitana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia dorsifraga''
Diakonoff, 1970
* ''
Epinotia emarginana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia ethnica''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia evidens''
Kuznetzov, 1971
* ''
Epinotia exquisitana''
(Christoph, 1882)
* ''
Epinotia festivana''
(Hübner, 799
__NOTOC__
Year 799 ( DCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The
denomination 799 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...
* ''
Epinotia fraternana''
(Haworth, 811
* ''
Epinotia fujisawai''
Kawabe, 1993
* ''
Epinotia fumoviridana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia gimmerthaliana''
(Lienig & Zeller, 1846)
* ''
Epinotia granitana''
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
* ''
Epinotia granitalis''
(Butler, 1881)
* ''
Epinotia hamptonana''
(Kearfott, 1875)
* ''
Epinotia hesperidana''
Kennel, 1921
* ''
Epinotia heucherana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia hopkinsana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia huroniensis''
Brown, 1980
* ''
Epinotia hypsidryas''
(Meyrick, 1925)
* ''
Epinotia illepidosa''
(Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2006)
* ''
Epinotia immaculata''
Peiu & Nemes, 1968
* ''
Epinotia immundana''
* ''
Epinotia improvisana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia infessana''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Epinotia infuscana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia intermissa''
(Meyrick, 1931)
* ''
Epinotia javierana''
Razowski & Pelz, 2007
* ''
Epinotia johnsonana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia kasloana''
McDunnough, 1925
* ''
Epinotia keiferana''
Lange, 1937
* ''
Epinotia ketamana''
(Amsel, 1956)
* ''
Epinotia kochiana''
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
* ''
Epinotia lanceata''
Razowski, 1999
* ''
Epinotia lindana'' – diamondback epinotia moth
* ''
Epinotia lomonana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia maculana''
* ''
Epinotia madderana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia majorana''
(Caradja, 1916)
* ''
Epinotia medioplagata''
(Walsingham, 1895)
* ''
Epinotia medioviridana''
(Kearfott, 1908)
* ''
Epinotia melanosticta''
(Wileman & Stringer, 1929)
* ''
Epinotia mercuriana''
* ''
Epinotia meritana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia miscana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia mniara''
Diakonoff, 1992
* ''
Epinotia momonana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia monticola''
Kawabe, 1993
* ''
Epinotia myricana''
McDunnough, 1933
* ''
Epinotia nanana''
* ''
Epinotia nemorivaga''
(Tengstrom, 1848)
* ''
Epinotia nigralbana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia nigralbanoidana''
McDunnough, 1929
* ''
Epinotia nigricana''
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
* ''
Epinotia nigristriana''
Budashkin & Zlatkov, 2011
* ''
Epinotia nigrovenata''
Razowski & Pelz, 2010
* ''
Epinotia nisella''
( Clerck, 1759)
* ''
Epinotia niveipalpa''
Razowski, 2009
* ''
Epinotia nonana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia normanana''
Kearfott, 1907
* ''
Epinotia notoceliana''
Kuznetzov, 1985
* ''
Epinotia parki''
Bae, 1997
* ''
Epinotia pentagonana''
Kennel, 1901
* ''
Epinotia penthrana''
Bradley, 1965
* ''
Epinotia phyloeorrhages''
Diakonoff, 1970
* ''
Epinotia piceae''
(Issiki ''in'' Issiki & Mutuura, 1961)
* ''
Epinotia piceicola''
Kuznetzov, 1970
* ''
Epinotia pinicola''
Kuznetzov, 1969
* ''
Epinotia plumbolineana''
Kearfott, 1907
* ''
Epinotia pullata''
(Falkovitsh ''in'' Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962)
* ''
Epinotia pulsatillana''
(Dyar, 1903)
* ''
Epinotia purpuriciliana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia pusillana''
* ''
Epinotia pygmaeana'' – pygmy needle tortricid
* ''
Epinotia radicana''
(Heinrich, 1923)
* ''
Epinotia ramella''
* ''
Epinotia rasdolnyana''
(Christoph, 1882)
* ''
Epinotia rectiplicana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia removana''
McDunnough, 1935
* ''
Epinotia rubiginosana''
* ''
Epinotia rubricana''
Kuznetzov, 1968
* ''
Epinotia ruidosana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia sagittana''
McDunnough, 1925
* ''
Epinotia salicicolana''
Kuznetzov, 1968
* ''
Epinotia seorsa''
Heinrich, 1924
* ''
Epinotia septemberana''
Kearfott, 1907
* ''
Epinotia signatana''
* ''
Epinotia signiferana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia silvertoniensis''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia slovacica''
Patocka & Jaro, 1991
* ''
Epinotia solandriana''
* ''
Epinotia solicitana''
(Walker, 1863)
* ''
Epinotia sordidana''
* ''
Epinotia sotipena''
Brown, 1987
* ''
Epinotia sperana''
McDunnough, 1935
* ''
Epinotia subocellana''
(Donovan, 806
__NOTOC__
Year 806 ( DCCCVI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 806th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 806th year of the 1st millennium, the 6th year of the 9th century, and the ...
* ''
Epinotia subplicana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia subsequana''
(Haworth, 811
* ''
Epinotia subuculana''
Rebel, 1903
* ''
Epinotia subviridis''
Heinrich, 1929
* ''
Epinotia tedella''
* ''
Epinotia tenebrica''
Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2006
* ''
Epinotia tenerana''
* ''
Epinotia terracoctana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia tetraquetrana''
(Haworth, 811
* ''
Epinotia thaiensis''
Kawabe, 1995
* ''
Epinotia thapsiana''
(Zeller, 1847)
* ''
Epinotia tianshanensis''
Liu & Nasu, 1993
* ''
Epinotia transmissana''
(Walker, 1863)
* ''
Epinotia trigonella''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Epinotia trossulana''
(Walsingham, 1879)
* ''
Epinotia tsugana''
Freeman, 1967
* ''
Epinotia tsurugisana''
Oku, 2005
* ''
Epinotia ulmi''
Kuznetzov, 1966
* ''
Epinotia ulmicola''
Kuznetzov, 1966
* ''
Epinotia unisignana''
Kuznetzov, 1962
* ''
Epinotia vagana''
Heinrich, 1923
* ''
Epinotia vertumnana''
(Zeller, 1875)
* ''
Epinotia vorana''
(Strand, 1920)
* ''
Epinotia walkerana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia xandana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Epinotia xyloryctoides''
Diakonoff, 1992
* ''
Epinotia yoshiyasui''
Kawabe, 1989
* ''
Epinotia zamorata''
Razowski, 1999
* ''
Epinotia zandana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
Synonyms
In particular during the early to mid-19th century, when little of the diversity of ''Epinotia'' was known, it was
split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, enter ...
into many smaller genera. Today however, these are generally – but not universally, e.g. regarding the supposedly
monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...
''Griselda'', or ''
Catastega'' which is here considered separate but included in ''Epinotia'' elsewhere – included here again at least pending a thorough
taxonomic
280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...
review. Now-invalid
scientific name
In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...
s (
junior synonym
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
...
s and others) of ''Epinotia'' are:
* ''Acalla''
Hübner, 825
__NOTOC__
Year 825 (Roman numerals, DCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
India
* A group of Persio-Assyrian adherents of the Church of the East, under the leadership of two Persian bis ...
/small>
* ''Astatia'' Hübner, 1825
* ''Asthenia'' Hübner, 1825
* ''Cartella'' Stephens, 1852
* ''Ccalla'' (''lapsus
In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking.
Investigations
In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and ...
'')
* ''Curtella'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Epinotis'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Evertia'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Evetria'' Hübner, 1825
* ''Griselda'' Heinrich, 1923
* ''Hamuligera'' Obraztsov, 1946
* ''Hikagehamakia'' Oku, 1974
* ''Hypermecia'' Guenée, 1845
* ''Lithographia'' Stephens, 1852
* ''Neurasthenia'' Pierce & Metcalf, 1922
* ''Paedisca'' Treitschke, 1830
* ''Pamplasia'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Pamplusia'' Guenée, 1845
* ''Panoplia'' Hübner, 1825
* ''Paragrapha'' Sodoffsky, 1837
* ''Phlaeodes'' Guenée, 1845
* ''Phloeodes'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Podisca'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Poecilochroma'' Stephens, 1829
* ''Proteopteryx'' Walsingham, 1879
* ''Steganoptera'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Steganoptica'' (''lapsus'')
* ''Steganoptycha'' Stephens, 1834
''Halonota'' has also been listedtype species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
'' Pyralis populana'' is today placed in ''Pammene
__NOTOC__
The tortrix moth, genus ''Pammene'', belongs to the tribe (biology), tribe Grapholitini of the subfamily Olethreutinae.Baixeras ''et al.'' (2009a)
Species
89 species are currently recognized in ''Pammene'':
* ''Pammene aceris'' Kuznet ...
'', and thus ''Halonota'' is a junior subjective synonym
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
...
of the latter genus.
References
Notes
Bibliography
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3425840
Eucosmini
Tortricidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner