Josephine Emma Curtis Hopkins (September 2, 1849 – April 8, 1925) was an American spiritual teacher and leader. She was involved in organizing the New Thought movement and was a theologian, teacher, writer, feminist, mystic, and healer; who taught and ordained hundreds of people, including notably many women. Hopkins was called the "teacher of teachers" and "mother of New Thought" because a number of her students went on to found their own churches or to become prominent in the New Thought Movement, including

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''* ...

and Myrtle Fillmore, founders of

Unity Church Unity is a spiritual organization founded by Charles Fillmore (Unity Church), Charles and Myrtle Fillmore in 1889. It grew out of Transcendentalism and became part of the New Thought movement. Unity may be best known for its ''Daily Word'' devot ...

;

Ernest Holmes Ernest Shurtleff Holmes (January 21, 1887 – April 7, 1960) was an American New Thought writer, teacher, and leader. He was the founder of a spiritual movement known as Religious Science, part of the greater New Thought movement, whose spi ...

; and H. Emilie Cady, author of Unity's cornerstone text '' Lessons in Truth''. According to Charles S. Braden, Hopkins influenced the development of New Thought "more than any other single teacher", and modern scholars have identified Hopkins as the founder of New Thought.

Early life

Emma Curtis Hopkins was born Josephine Emma Curtis on September 2, 1849 in

Killingly, Connecticut Killingly is a New England town, town in Windham County, Connecticut, Windham County, Connecticut, United States. Killingly is the largest town by population in the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut, Northeastern Connecticut ...

, to Rufus and Lydia ( Phillips) Curtis, and was the oldest of nine children. She attended the local Congregationalist church and graduated from the local high school, before going on to teach secondary-school as a math, science, and language teacher. She married George Irving Hopkins, another teacher, on July 19, 1874. The couple had one son, John Carver, who was born June 8, 1875, graduated from the merchant marine academy, and died in 1905. Hopkins and her husband were separated in the mid-1880s and divorced in 1900. Little else is known of Hopkins' early life.

Career

Work in Boston with Eddy

Hopkins first encountered

Christian Science Christian Science is a set of beliefs and practices which are associated with members of the Church of Christ, Scientist. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church is sometimes in ...

in 1881 and, according to J. Gordon Melton, experienced healing of some sort at that time although the details are not known. In 1883, Hopkins heard

Mary Baker Eddy Mary Baker Eddy (née Baker; July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author, who in 1879 founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, the ''Mother Church'' of the Christian Science movement. She also founded ''The C ...

speak, and her ideas on spiritual healing interested her, so in December of that year Hopkins joined one of Eddy's classes at the Massachusetts Metaphysical College in Boston for a one-week basic course. Hopkins' name appeared in ''

The Christian Science Journal ''The Christian Science Journal'' is an official monthly publication of the Church of Christ, Scientist through the Christian Science Publishing Society, founded in 1883 by Mary Baker Eddy.practitioner in February 1884, where it would remain listed until August of that year, when she apparently became too busy with other duties. Her first article in the ''Journal'' appeared around the same time. Notably, Eddy never made Hopkins a teacher, nor did Hopkins take the normal class at the Massachusetts Metaphysical College to become one. According to Eddy, Hopkins was not permitted to go farther than the primary class. In September 1884, Hopkins was invited to become editor of ''The Christian Science Journal'', which around the same time moved from a bi-monthly publication to a monthly one. According to

Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850), was a British Conservative statesman who twice was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835, 1841–1846), and simultaneously was Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–183 ...

, an article by Hopkins even before her editorship began suggested a trend away from Christian Science and towards a more "indiscriminate eclecticism", drawing from such sources as

Buddhism Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

Upanishads The Upanishads (; , , ) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hind ...

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

Avesta The Avesta (, Book Pahlavi: (), Persian language, Persian: ()) is the text corpus of Zoroastrian literature, religious literature of Zoroastrianism. All its texts are composed in the Avestan language and written in the Avestan alphabet. Mod ...

, and

Baruch Spinoza Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 163221 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, who was born in the Dutch Republic. A forerunner of the Age of Enlightenmen ...

. Some writers have claimed that it was only Hopkins' interest in other writers than Eddy, which was expressed in this article, that caused the split between them, but Peel notes that it was ''after'' Hopkins had published this article that Eddy made her editor. Hopkins was good at editing according to Peel, and notably opposed former students of Eddy who thought they could teach metaphysics better than she could, writing September 1885: :"No student (I speak from knowledge of facts) has ever yet been qualified to teach Christian Science, except rudimentarily... To me... the words of my teacher on the theme of Spiritual Being were first as the gentle touch of a mother lifting the world-weary form of her wayward child to her bosom. ... I was made to know Him face to face of whom I had heard by the hearing of the ear as a name only. ... I know that every single student that has ever studied under "this teacher sent from God" has realized it all. How great, then, the folly of falling back to earthly ambitions and earthly ends by claiming to work the same miracle — for the pottage reward of a little publicity and a few hundred dollars." Peel notes that there was a "wry coincidence in the fact that the very month in which these words were published brought to Mrs. Hopkins the irresistible temptation to set herself up in rivalry to the teacher she had so eulogized." Eddy taught a class that September which among its students included Mary H. Plunkett, who had already studied with A. J. Swarts of Chicago, an opponent of Eddy. Upon joining the class, Plunkett began looking for someone to help her set up a rival movement to Eddy, at first trying and failing to win over fellow student Laura Lathrop before moving on to Hopkins. Plunkett and Hopkins quickly became friends, but according to Plunkett it took some time to fully bring Hopkins over to her side and turn her against Eddy. Eddy was apparently aware of the influence Plunkett was having on Hopkins, and removed Hopkins from the editorial position, replacing her with Sarah H. Crosse. She was also asked by Eddy's assistant Calvin Frye to vacate her room at the Massachusetts Metaphysical College; and on November 4 she resigned from the Christian Science Association, although she said she was still devoted to Christian Science. According to Melton, Hopkins broke with Eddy on "ideological and financial grounds." Hopkins wrote to Eddy: "Oh, if you could only have been mental enough to see what I might be and do — and given me time to work past and out of the era through which I was passing when Mrs. Crosse suddenly ordered me to leave."

Work in Chicago with Plunkett

By early 1886, Hopkins had moved with Plunkett to Chicago to set up their headquarters and begin teaching. Hopkins' husband, who she later described as having occasional psychotic episodes which could turn violent, also moved to Chicago with her, but she separated from him soon afterwards. At first Hopkins joined up with Plunkett's teacher A. J. Swarts in Chicago (whom she had previously attacked as editor of ''

The Christian Science Journal ''The Christian Science Journal'' is an official monthly publication of the Church of Christ, Scientist through the Christian Science Publishing Society, founded in 1883 by Mary Baker Eddy.Massachusetts Metaphysical College; and the first class of thirty-seven students, which included journalist Helen Wilmans, publisher Ida Nichols, and teachers Mabel McCoy and Kate Bingham who would influence the founding of Divine Science, graduated in June 1886 and formed the Hopkins Metaphysical Association. As word spread, students began traveling to Chicago for classes with Hopkins, and Hopkins traveled with Plunkett to cities such as Milwaukee, San Francisco, Kansas City, New York, and Boston to teach and lecture. These classes would often be large, such as a class in San Francisco with around 250 students, or in Boston, where she apparently had around one thousand students. In 1887, there were already twenty-one Hopkins Associations stretched across America. The same year a building was purchased in Chicago's South Side to serve as their headquarters. In addition to the interest in Chicago for Hopkins' metaphysical ideas, the city also offered a vibrant women's movement dating back to the mid-1800s for her to be involved with. Eddy was a supporter of women's rights, and Hopkins had experienced the predominantly female environment of the Christian Science movement, and found this trend repeating itself with her own students and patients in Chicago. She did not want her movement to be dominated by men like the medical profession was, so she took steps to align herself with the women's movement in Chicago. Hopkins and Plunkett also joined forces for a time with Ursula Newell Gestefeld, another former Christian Scientist and student of Eddy. Hopkins, Plunkett, Swarts, Gestefeld, and others all wanted to set up their own healing methods without so much of a focus on Christianity as Eddy had, either wanting to combine it with eastern religions, or reject it all together. According to Gillian Gill, these groups both opposed Eddy and copied her: "They set up institutes in imitation of her Massachusetts Metaphysical College, founded periodicals comparable to the ''Christian Science Journal'', gave lecture courses modelled on her own, plagiarized shamelessly from her written work, and prominently featured ''

Science and Health ''Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures'' by Mary Baker Eddy is, along with the Bible, one of two central texts of the Christian Science religion. Eddy described it as her "most important work." She began writing it in February 1872, and t ...

'' in their reading lists. The term Christian Science was used constantly by them." In 1887, Luther Marston organized a convention of these groups in Eddy's home turf of Boston, which in addition to Hopkins and the others in her circle included Julius Dresser, an important figure in the early history of New Thought, and although the participants often disagreed and were in many ways in competition with each other, they were all united by their opposition to Eddy. Reporting on the event in the ''Truth'' magazine, a supporter of Hopkins called her "the star that rose in the East and has spread its glory through the West," and Plunkett referred to her as "our beloved leader." Since at this point so many individuals and groups were claiming to represent Christian Science, some of whom had never even read Eddy's work, she was becoming increasingly concerned over what she saw as false teachers, of which Hopkins was one of the most notable and successful. Eddy had begun teaching Normal classes in 1884 to train her students to teach Christian Science to others, and in 1885 taught four Chicago-based students to teach where Hopkins was. These authorized teachers were encouraged to start their own Christian Science "institutes" and form student associations, and by 1887 there were twenty-three small authorized Christian Science institutes around the country. In the April 1887 issue of ''The Christian Science Journal'', Eddy responded to a question from a reader regarding Hopkins' teaching: :"If one half of what I hear of Mrs. Hopkins teaching on the subject of Christian Science is correct she is deluding the minds she claims to instruct. She took a Primary Course at my College but was not permitted to go farther. She never entered my Normal Class, is not qualified to teach Christian Science and is incapable of teaching it."

Break with Plunkett and reorganization

Hopkins' organization began experiencing internal problems around 1888, which cost Hopkins the support of many of her students and institutes around the country, and led Hopkins to rethink her strategy and reorder her organization. Plunkett left Hopkins to go to New York and set up a rival organization. When she left, she also took with her the mailing list and other files associated with their work in Chicago. Plunkett renamed their ''Truth'' magazine to the ''International Magazine of Christian Science'', setting up the headquarters in New York and absorbing the magazines of two other New Thought publisher's at the same time. While in New York, Plunkett, who by this point already had two children outside of her marriage, met Arthur Bentley Worthington, with whom she had a very public affair. Worthington was a bigamist and embezzler and had several other wives around the country, and the resulting scandal led Hopkins to sever ties completely with her former ally, effectively ending Plunkett's career in the United States New Thought community. Plunkett and Worthington traveled to New Zealand with their children where they established a movement known as Students of Truth, later renamed Temple of Truth, but Worthington later expelled her from the movement and she committed suicide in 1901. Emma Hopkins Seminary Ad

Meanwhile, in 1888, Hopkins restructured the Emma Curtis Hopkins College of Christian Science using the Protestant

seminary A seminary, school of theology, theological college, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture and theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as cle ...

model into the Christian Science Theological Seminary, and taking on the role of bishop she ordained her students for the ministry, becoming, according to J. Gordon Melton, the first woman to ordain others as ministers in modern times. Twenty of the twenty-two students in the first graduating class were also women, and speakers at the ceremony pointed out the significance of the event for women in the religious sphere. Suffragists were in attendance at the ceremony, and Louise Southworth, an officer in the

National Woman Suffrage Association The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) was formed on May 15, 1869, to work for women's suffrage in the United States. Its main leaders were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It was created after the women's rights movement spl ...

, gave a speech saying that Christian Science "has come at last to give woman her proper status in the world." Melton writes that Hopkins' College and Seminary were "the seed organizations from which New Thought emerged." Hopkins served as president of the seminary, which by 1893 had trained more than 350 students in the basic course, with over one hundred ordained to the ministry. A course catalogue from that year lists Annie Rix Militz, George Edward Burnell, and Mary Lamereaux Burnell as professors. Basic classes such as

hermeneutics Hermeneutics () is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts. As necessary, hermeneutics may include the art of understanding and communication. ...

were taught by professors other than Hopkins, and the more advanced class such as Theology and Practical Ministry, were taught by Hopkins herself. In 1890s, Hopkins began dispensing with the term "Christian Science", renaming her ''Christian Science'' magazine which she had founded a few years earlier the ''Universal Truth'' magazine, and renaming her student association the "Truth Students Association". As Hopkins' student established their own organizations, they too would generally try to differentiate themselves from Christian Science, and just as Hopkins had made theological alterations to Eddy teachings, many of her students would make their own variations on Hopkins' original theology.

Later life and death

In 1895, Hopkins decided her work in Chicago was done successfully and closed the seminary, moving to New York City and leaving trusted students to carry on work in Chicago. She mostly retired from teaching, taking only a few students to teach individually, most notably

. However she continued to give public lectures, travel, and write. Another notable student was the wealthy socialite and art patron Mabel Dodge Luhan, who would see her for metaphysical treatment three times a week, and referred her artist friends such as Maurice Sterne, Andrew Dasburg,

Robert Edmond Jones Robert Edmond Jones (December 12, 1887 – November 26, 1954) was an American scenic, lighting, and costume designer. He is credited with incorporating the new stagecraft into the American drama. His designs sought to integrate scenic ele ...

, and Elizabeth Duncan for treatment as well. In 1918 she was voted the honorary president of the International New Thought Alliance, which had formed a few years earlier in 1914 after a number of failed attempts. Hopkins moved from New York to her childhood home in

in 1923, where she died two years later at the age of seventy-five. After her death, her sister Estelle Carpenter took over the organization with assistance from a teacher named Eleanor Mel. A wealthy student of Hopkins' set up an organization to perpetuate Hopkins' teachings, buying a large farm in Connecticut called Joy Farm.

Theology

Although originally teaching under the label of Christian Science, which caused a good deal of confusion, Hopkins' theology increasingly differed from that of Eddy, and she eventually abandoned even the term Christian Science in favor of the name New Thought. In her 1888 book ''Scientific Christian Mental Practice'', Hopkins used a number of philosophies and religions to support her arguments, including

Plotinus Plotinus (; , ''Plōtînos''; – 270 CE) was a Greek Platonist philosopher, born and raised in Roman Egypt. Plotinus is regarded by modern scholarship as the founder of Neoplatonism. His teacher was the self-taught philosopher Ammonius ...

Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...

Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo ( , ; ; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings deeply influenced the development of Western philosop ...

Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, minister, abolitionism, abolitionist, and poet who led the Transcendentalism, Transcendentalist movement of th ...

The Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha (),* * * was a śramaṇa, wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist lege ...

Thomas Carlyle Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian, and philosopher. Known as the "Sage writing, sage of Chelsea, London, Chelsea", his writings strongly influenced the intellectual and artistic culture of the V ...

, and the

, but notably did not acknowledge Eddy as a source for her ideas. Hopkins told students that if they read Eddy's book ''

Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures ''Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures'' by Mary Baker Eddy is, along with the Bible, one of two central texts of the Christian Science religion. Eddy described it as her "most important work." She began writing it in February 1872, and t ...

'', some parts could be skipped, such as a chapter on

atonement Atonement, atoning, or making amends is the concept of a person taking action to correct previous wrongdoing on their part, either through direct action to undo the consequences of that act, equivalent action to do good for others, or some othe ...

. Hopkins and New Thought as a whole (with some exceptions such as John Gaynor Banks) moved increasingly away from an emphasis on Christianity, seeing universal truth in all religions; and

writes that Hopkins herself was "more at home with the Hindu

than with the Christian Gospels." However, Hopkins was not as antagonistic towards Christianity as her partners Plunkett and Swarts were, who privately disparaged Christianity while at the same time giving lip service to it in public. Hopkins did share some theological points with Eddy, for instance teaching that God was not

anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to ...

. Both Eddy and Hopkins protested against the doctrine of the

fall of man The fall of man, the fall of Adam, or simply the Fall, is a term used in Christianity to describe the transition of the first man and woman from a state of innocent obedience to God in Christianity, God to a state of guilty disobedience. * * * * ...

, they believed that the only reality was spiritual, that there was no power apart from God, that sickness did not originate with God, and that healing comes in understanding this. Like Eddy, Hopkins used capitalized synonyms to explain the nature of God such as Mind, Truth, Principle, and Love; but added additional synonyms such as Health, Support, Defense, and Protection. She followed Eddy's lead in calling God both Father and Mother, but developed the concept in ways Eddy did not. J. Gordon Melton writes that the "clearest presentation" of her new theological framework is seen in her writings on the

Trinity The Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the Christian doctrine concerning the nature of God, which defines one God existing in three, , consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, thr ...

, which replaced the Holy Spirit with the Mother. Hopkins adopted a form of the Trinity similar to that of

Joachim of Fiore Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora (; ; 1135 – 30 March 1202), was an Italian Christian theologian, Catholic abbot, and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore. According to theologian Bernard McGinn, "Joach ...

, and posited that God manifested differently through different periods of history, as God the Father first, then as Jesus, and finally as Mother Spirit which correlated with a rise of women. Hopkins also saw the Holy Spirit / Mother Comforter in terms of the Shekinah. She saw women's increasing involvement in the world as proof of her ideas, and saw herself, and the women she ordained, as messengers of the new era of the holy Mother Spirit. It is likely because of this theology that Hopkins was a strong supporter of secular women's issues, and encouraged her association members to join women's groups such as the Woman's Federal Labor Union. Beryl Satter calls Hopkins' writings "convoluted and ambiguous", but acknowledges that her theology was still able to elevate women through development of traditionally "masculine" qualities such as strength and power. Hopkins, and New Thought as a whole, developed an emphasis on

prosperity theology Prosperity theology (sometimes referred to as the prosperity gospel, the health and wealth gospel, the gospel of success, seed-faith gospel, Faith movement, or Word-Faith movement) is a belief among some Charismatic Christians that financial bl ...

which was absent from Christian Science. Hopkins often referred to prosperity, and believed Jesus taught it as an acknowledgement "of the presence of God."

Founder of New Thought

Modern scholars assert that Hopkins is the founder of the

New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a new religious movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy ...

movement, which by 1902 had over one million adherents. According to J. Gordon Melton, "Hopkins laid the foundations of the New Thought metaphysical tradition in American religion" and "the most significant New Thought organizations, the Unity School of Christianity, Divine Science, and Religious Science, can be traced directly to her". According to Charles S. Braden, Hopkins influenced New Thought "more than any other single teacher". She also became an important feminist figure for ordaining female ministers, a rarity for the time; as well as a proponent of the idea of a female Divine, although she did not originate the idea. Despite her influence, by the 1990s Hopkins had largely been forgotten even within the New Thought movement according to modern scholars. Gail Harley identified a number of reasons for this, including controversies surrounding her life, disputes with former students, lack of self reflection in the New Thought movement, dismissal by the mainstream religious community, and her exclusion from the only history of the movement produced in the early 20th century.

Influence

Hopkins has been called the "Teacher of teachers" in New Thought circles, and according to Gail Harley taught "every founder of a significant New Thought ministry". Charles S. Braden states that her student list "reads like a ''

Who's Who A Who's Who (or Who Is Who) is a reference work consisting of biographical entries of notable people in a particular field. The oldest and best-known is the annual publication ''Who's Who (UK), Who's Who'', a reference work on contemporary promin ...

'' among New Thought leaders." She also taught a number of suffragists and social activists in the women's movement. Among those who studied directly with Hopkins were: * John Gaynor Banks, Episcopal priest who sought to merge Hopkins theories back into mainstream Christianity and founded the International Order of St. Luke the Physician *

and Josephine Barton, editor of ''The Life'', a New Thought magazine * Kate Bingham, New Thought teacher who taught Nona L. Brooks * George and Mary Burnell, founders of the New Thought Burnell Foundation in Los Angeles * H. Emilie Cady, author of '' Lessons in Truth'', an important

text * Lucinda Banister Chandler, social reformer and author * Clara Bewick Colby, lecturer, newspaper publisher and correspondent, women's rights activist * Malinda Cramer, founder of Divine Science * Abby Morton Diaz, women's rights organizer *

and Myrtle Fillmore, co-founders of the

* Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, author and suffragist *

, founder of Religious Science; Ordained in Divine Science * Frances Lord, New Thought author and teacher in England * Mabel Dodge Luhan, wealthy arts patron associated with the Taos art colony * Mabel McCoy, New Thought teacher * Annie Rix Militz, founder of Home of Truth, and her sister Harriet Hale Rix * Louisa Southworth, suffragist involved with ''

The Woman's Bible ''The Woman's Bible'' is a two-part non-fiction book, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of 26 women, published in 1895 and 1898 to challenge the traditional position of religious orthodoxy that woman should be subservient to man. ...

'' * Clara Stocker, teacher and founder of Church of the Truth *

Alice Bunker Stockham Alice Bunker Stockham (November 8, 1833 – December 3, 1912) was an American obstetrician and gynecologist who was the fifth woman to become a doctor in the United States. She promoted gender equality, dress reform, birth control, and male and ...

, fifth woman to become a doctor in the United States * Elizabeth Towne, New Thought writer, editor, and publisher * Sara A. Underwood, suffragist * Helen Van Anderson, Founder of the Church of the Higher Life *

Ella Wheeler Wilcox Ella Wheeler Wilcox (November 5, 1850October 30, 1919) was an American author and poet. Her works include the collection '' Poems of Passion'' and the poem "Solitude", which contains the lines "Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and you ...

, a New Thought poet * Helen Wilmans, Journalist and New Thought publisher * Jane Yarnall, New Thought teacher in St. Louis Notable students of Hopkins' students include, among others, Nona L. Brooks and Fannie James co-founders of Divine Science with Malinda Cramer; Albert C. Grier founder of Church of the Truth with Clara Stocker; Emmet Fox, Divine Science minister and author in New York City through the Great Depression; Florence Scovel Shinn, Unity teacher and author in New York City; Louise Hay, author and founder of

Hay House Hay House is a publisher founded in 1984 by author Louise Hay, who is known for her books on New Thought. ''The New York Times'' dubbed Hay "The Queen of the New Age," noting that she became "one of the bestselling authors in ...

;

William Walker Atkinson William Walker Atkinson (December 5, 1862 – November 22, 1932) was an attorney, merchant, publisher, and writer, as well as an occultist and an American pioneer of the New Thought movement. He is the author of the pseudonymous works attribute ...

, prolific New Thought author; and Michael Bernard Beckwith, author and founder of Agape International Spiritual Center in Los Angeles. According to scholar Deidre Michell, many Christians have embraced aspects of Hopkins' theology without recognizing its origin.

Prosperity theology Prosperity theology (sometimes referred to as the prosperity gospel, the health and wealth gospel, the gospel of success, seed-faith gospel, Faith movement, or Word-Faith movement) is a belief among some Charismatic Christians that financial bl ...

, which at least partially came out of Hopkins' teachings and New Thought in general, has influenced numerous authors, speakers, and televangelists; and helped give rise to movements such as

Pentecostalism Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a movement within the broader Evangelical wing of Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that emphasizes direct personal experience of God in Christianity, God through Baptism with the Holy Spirit#Cl ...

and

Word of Faith A word is a basic element of language that carries meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consensus among linguists on its ...

Bibliography

(This is a partial list of her work. References from www.worldcat.org and Google Books ) * ''A golden promise''. Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print. 92-* ''According to thy faith''. Baccalaureate address. Bible ... * ''All is divine order''. Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Printing, 1925. * ''Awake thou that sleepest''. Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print. 92-?* ''Bible instruction series''. * ''Bible interpretations.'' These Bible interpretations were given during the early nineties at the Christian Science theological seminary at Chicago, Illinois. Publisher: (Pittsfield, Mass., Sun Printing Co., 1925) * ''Bible interpretation from the book of Job'' : in three lessons. Publisher: Roseville, Calif. : High Watch Fellowship, 9--* ''Bible Interpretations'' Series 1–14; * ''Bible Lessons 1-35''. * ''Bible Lessons 1925''. * ''Bible lesson 1927''. * ''Bible lesson, no. 1.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Printing, 1925–1927. * ''Bible lessons.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass., Sun Printing Co., 1925 * ''But one substance.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print. 92-?* ''Christ at Samaria.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Printing, 1925. * ''Christian mysticism and the victorious life : first study, the sacred edict and estoric discipline.'' Publisher: Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins Co., 1914. * ''Class lessons, 1888.'' Publisher: Marina del Rey, Calif. : DeVorss, 1977. * ''Continue the work.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print., 1925. * ''Drops of gold.'' Publisher: Roseville, CA : High Watch Fellowship, 1970. * ''Emma Curtis Hopkins 2011.'' This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. * ''Esoteric Philosophy Deeper Teachings in Spiritual Science.'' Publisher: Vancouver, WA: WiseWoman Press'','' , 2009 * ''Esoteric philosophy in spiritual science.'' * ''First lesson in Christian Science.'' Publisher: .l., 1888* ''For unto us a child is born.'' Publisher: Marina Del Rey, CA : DeVorss & Co. Publishers, 99-?* ''The Genesis Series.'' Publisher: Vancouver, WA: WiseWoman Press, 2019 *''God and man are One.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print. 92-?* ''High mysticism.'' Publisher: New York : E.S. Gorham, 1924. * ''High mysticism : a series of twelve studies in the inspirations of the sages of the ages.'' Publisher: Philadelphia, Harper Prtg. Co., 1920–22. * ''High mysticism : studies in the wisdom of the sages of the ages.'' Publisher: Cornwall Bridge, Conn. : Emma Curtis Hopkins Fund, 1928–35. * ''High mysticism : a series of twelve studies in the wisdom of the sages of the ages.'' Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. : DeVorss, 1974. * ''High mysticism : studies in the wisdom of the sages of the ages.'' Publisher: Vancouver, WA: WiseWoman Press, 2008 *''How to attain your good.'' Publisher: Kansas City, MO. : Unity Tract Society, 898-1914* ''Jesus and Judas.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print. 9--* ''Judgment series in spiritual science.'' Publisher: Alhambra alif.: School of Christ Teaching Sanctuary of Truth, 9--*''Judgment series in spiritual science.'' Publisher: Vancouver, WA: WiseWoman Press, 2008 * ''Justice of Jehovah.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Printing 9--* ''Magic of His name.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Printing, 1927. * ''Pamphlets''. Publisher: Cornwall Bridge, Conn. : High Watch Fellowship,

945 Year 945 (Roman numerals, CMXLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * January 27 – The co-emperors Stephen Lekapenos, Stephen and Constantine Lekapenos, Constantine a ...

* ''Résumé : practice book for the twelve chapters in High mysticism - first sent forth in 1892.'' Publisher: Cornwall Bridge Conn. : Emma Curtis Hopkins Fund, 1928. * ''Scientific Christian mental practice : founded upon the instruction of Emma Curtis Hopkins'' : lesson two, "Denials of science.". Publisher: .l. : s.n., 19--* ''Scientific Christian mental practice.'' Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. : De Vorss, 1974. * ''Scientific Christian mental practice, founded upon the instruction of Emma Curtis Hopkins.'' Lesson one "The statement of being." Publisher: eattle, Metaphysical News, 193-?* ''Scientific Christian Mental Practice.'' Publisher: Cosimo Inc 2009. * ''Self treatment.'' Publisher: Roseville, Calif. : High Watch Fellowship, 9--* ''Self treatments, including the Radiant I Am..''Publisher: Vancouver, WA: WiseWoman Press, 2007 *''Sixth lesson in Christian Science'' : from the private lessons. Publisher: Chicago : Purdy Pub. Co., 887?* ''Spiritual law in the natural world.'' Publisher: Chicago, Purdy Pub. Co., 1894. * ''Studies in high mysticism : the magia Jesu Christi. IV. Faith.'' Publisher: Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, 1924. * ''Teachings of Emma Curtis Hopkins.'' Publisher: Cornwall Bridge, Conn. : High Watch Foundation, 9-- * ''Tenth lesson in Christian science.'' Publisher: Chicago : Christian Science Publishing Co., 1891. * ''The bread of life'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print., 1925. * ''The chief thought.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print., 1925. * ''The gospel series in spiritual science : an uncovering of the mystic connection that underlies your own true relation with God as Christ, your own eternal self, through these lessons, you come into a fuller, richer, expression of life not dependent upon the accident of opportunity.'' Publisher: Alhambra, CA : School of Christ Teaching, Sanctuary of Truth, 976?* ''The Gospel Series: Uncovering the Mystical Connection'' .Publisher: Vancouver, WA: WiseWoman Press, 2017 * ''The key to power.'' Publisher: Kansas City, MO. : Unity Book Company, 1895, 1894. * ''The ministry of the Holy Mother''. Publisher: Cornwall Bridge, Conn. : Emma Curtis Hopkins Fund * ''The radiant I am.'' Publisher: Cornwall Bridge, Conn. : High Watch Fellowship * ''The real kingdom.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Print., 1925. * ''The resurrection of Christ.'' Publisher: Kansas City, MO. : Unity Book Company, 1893. * ''Two great lessons.'' Publisher: Alhambra, Calif. : Sanctuary of Truth, 1977. * ''Who are drunkards.'' This Bible interpretation was given during the early nineties at the Christian Science Theological Seminary at Chicago, Illinois. Publisher: Pittsfield, Ma., Sun Printing Co. .d.* ''Your idea of God.'' Publisher: Pittsfield, Mass. : Sun Printing, 1927.

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* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hopkins, Emma Curtis 1849 births 1925 deaths Writers from Connecticut New Thought clergy New Thought mystics New Thought writers American Christian mystics American spiritual writers American spiritual teachers Scholars of feminist theology 19th-century American writers 20th-century American non-fiction writers 19th-century American women writers 20th-century American women writers 19th-century Christian mystics 20th-century Christian mystics American women non-fiction writers