{{Infobox officeholder , name = Emanuele Grazzi , image = , alt = , caption = Emanuele Grazzi leaving an opera in 1942 , birth_name = , birth_date = {{Birth date, 1891, 05, 30 , birth_place =

Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy (, ) was a unitary state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy wa ...

, death_date = {{Death date and age, 1961, 09, 07, 1891, 05, 30 , death_place =

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, nationality = {{flag, Italy , other_names = , occupation =

Diplomat A diplomat (from ; romanization, romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state (polity), state, International organization, intergovernmental, or Non-governmental organization, nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one ...

, years_active = , known_for = , notable_works = , honorific_prefix = , office = Italian ambassador to Guatemala , term_start = {{dts, 1932, 10, 27 , term_end = {{dts, 1934, } , predecessor = Carlos F. Novella , successor = {{Ill, Enrico Bombieri (1887-1967), de, Enrico Bombieri (Diplomat) , office2 = Italian ambassador to Greece , term_start2 = {{dts, 1939, } , term_end2 = {{dts, 1940, 11, 07 , predecessor2 = Giulio Cesare Montagna , successor2 = {{Ill, Casto Caruso, de , office3 = Italian ambassador to Serbia , term_start3 = {{dts, 1941, } , term_end3 = {{dts, 1943, 09, 30 , predecessor3 = Filippo Anfuso , successor3 = Giovanni Caracciolo di Vietri , office4 = Italian ambassador to Hungary , term_start4 = {{dts, 1943, 09, 30 , term_end4 = {{dts, 1943, 10, 15 , predecessor4 = Giuseppe Talamo Atenolfi di Castelnuovo 1896-1983 , successor4 = Augusto Assettati Emanuele Grazzi was an Italian

diplomat A diplomat (from ; romanization, romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state (polity), state, International organization, intergovernmental, or Non-governmental organization, nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one ...

. He was the Italian

ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or so ...

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, delivering

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 un ...

ultimatum An ; ; : ultimata or ultimatums) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a coercion, threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance (open loop). An ultimatum is generally the ...

to Greek prime minister

Ioannis Metaxas Ioannis Metaxas (; 12 April 187129 January 1941) was a Greek military officer and politician who was dictator of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. He governed constitutionally for the first four months of his tenure, and thereafter as th ...

on 28 October 1940. The refusal of Italian demands led to the beginning of the

Greco-Italian War The Greco-Italian War (), also called the Italo-Greek War, Italian campaign in Greece, Italian invasion of Greece, and War of '40 in Greece, took place between Italy and Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941. This conflict began the Balk ...

and Greece's joining of World War II.

Biography

Grazzi was born in

on 30 May 1891. He graduated in law from the

University of Pisa The University of Pisa (, UniPi) is a public university, public research university in Pisa, Italy. Founded in 1343, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe. Together with Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Sant'Anna School of Advanced S ...

in 1911. He was appointed Consular Attaché and sent to

Tunis Tunis (, ') is the capital city, capital and largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as "Grand Tunis", has about 2,700,000 inhabitants. , it is the third-largest city in the Maghreb region (after Casabl ...

in 1912. He returned to the Ministry in 1913 and was subsequently sent to Helsingfors, first as Italian delegate and then as chargé d'affaires in the Inter-Allied Economic Committee (1919). He then served in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

becoming Regent of the Consulate in 1920 and was then appointed Consul in

Florianópolis Florianópolis () is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina, in the South Region, Brazil, South region of Brazil. The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands, as we ...

in 1922. In 1924 he returned to the Ministry. He was transferred to

Toulouse Toulouse (, ; ; ) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the Garonne, River Garonne, from ...

in 1925 and in 1927 to

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

as Consul General.

Stefano Baldi Stefano Baldi is an Italian ambassador and author. From 2016 to 2020, he was the Ambassador to Bulgaria. From January 4, 2021 to September 15, 2024 he was the Permanent Representative of Italy to the Organization for Security and Co-operation i ...

(27 May 2007)
Scheda biografica Emanuele Grazzi
{{in lang, it. Retrieved 9 December 2021. He was chargé d'affaires in

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

in 1932, and returned to the Ministry in 1934 to work for the Press and Propaganda. He was appointed Director General of the Foreign Press Service in 1935. In 1939 he was transferred to

Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...

. On 28 October 1940, following instructions received, he presented an ultimatum to General

, Prime Minister and Greek dictator, in which

Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his overthrow in 194 ...

demanded that all of

be occupied by Italian troops. He was later recalled to the Ministry. In 1943 he was sent to

Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...

. In 1944 he joined the

Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic (, ; RSI; , ), known prior to December 1943 as the National Republican State of Italy (; SNRI), but more popularly known as the Republic of Salò (, ), was a List of World War II puppet states#Germany, German puppe ...

and was sent to

Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

, where he stayed only a few days. He left his career at the end of 1947. He died in 1961.

References

{{Reflist

External links

* {{cite book, title=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, chapter=GRAZZI, Emanuele, year=2002, author=Luca Micheletta, volume=59, url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/emanuele-grazzi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/, language=Italian {{Portal bar, Biography, Italy {{Authority control Diplomats from Florence Ambassadors of Italy to Guatemala Ambassadors of Italy to Greece Ambassadors of Italy to Serbia Ambassadors of Italy to Hungary 1891 births 1961 deaths 20th-century diplomats

Biography

See also

References

External links