Elyashiv () is a
moshav
A moshav (, plural ', "settlement, village") is a type of Israeli village or town or Jewish settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 and 1 ...
in central
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
. Located in the
Sharon plain, it falls under the jurisdiction of
Hefer Valley Regional Council
The Hefer Valley Regional Council (, ''Mo'atza Azorit Emek Hefer'') is a regional council in the Sharon region of the Central District of Israel. It is named after an administrative district in this area in the time of King Solomon ().
The co ...
. In it had a population of .
History
The moshav was founded on a site once occupied by the Arab village Khirbet esh Sheikh Mohammed ("The ruin of Sheikh Mohammed").
[Pringle, 1986, p. 71] Kh. esh Sheikh Muhammed became settled during the rule of
Ibrahim Pasha, either by Egyptians or by
hamula
Study of the origins of the Palestinians, encompassing the Arabs, Arab inhabitants of the former Mandatory Palestine and their descendants, is approached through an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary lens, drawing from fields such as populati ...
s (extended families) from mountain villages. In 1882, the
PEF's ''
Survey of Western Palestine
The PEF Survey of Palestine was a series of surveys carried out by the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) between 1872 and 1877 for the completed Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) and in 1880 for the soon abandoned Survey of Eastern Palestine. The ...
'' found that it consisted of a few
adobe
Adobe (from arabic: الطوب Attub ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is use ...
huts among ruins. Ancient glazed pottery has been found there.
[
Although Yemenite neighborhoods had been established near many agricultural settlements, it was not until 1930 that independent Yemenite settlements were approved.][Sharaby, 1998, p.21] After a prolonged struggle by the Yemenite Workers Federation in Palestine, three moshav ovdim
A moshav (, plural ', "settlement, village") is a type of Israeli village or town or Jewish settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 and 191 ...
were established: Marmorek in 1930, Tirat Shalom in 1931, and Elyashiv on 13 November 1933.[ Of these, Elyashiv was the largest and the only one that survived as a moshav.][ The original fifty families were Yemenite Jews who had been in Palestine since the 1920s.][ They belonged to an organization of Yemenite Jews called "Shabazi", founded in ]Petach-Tikva
Petah Tikva (, ), also spelt Petah Tiqwa and known informally as Em HaMoshavot (), is a city in the Central District of Israel, east of Tel Aviv. It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv, and became a permanent settlement i ...
in 1931.[Sharaby, 2001, p. 38.] It is named after a high priest in the time of Nehemiah
Nehemiah (; ''Nəḥemyā'', "Yahweh, Yah comforts") is the central figure of the Book of Nehemiah, which describes his work in rebuilding Jerusalem during the Second Temple period as the governor of Yehud Medinata, Persian Judea under Artaxer ...
(), and also in a symbolic meaning that God will return Israel back to their land.
The land for the moshav was provided by the Jewish National Fund
The Jewish National Fund (JNF; , ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael''; previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') is a non-profit organizationProfessor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion ...
, which had purchased a very large tract from a Lebanese Maronite
Maronites (; ) are a Syriac Christianity, Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant (particularly Lebanon) whose members belong to the Maronite Church. The largest concentration has traditionally re ...
in 1929 with the help of a bribe paid to the seller's legal representative. Agricultural instructors were provided by the Jewish Agency
The Jewish Agency for Israel (), formerly known as the Jewish Agency for Palestine, is the largest Jewish non-profit organization in the world. It was established in 1929 as the operative branch of the World Zionist Organization (WZO).
As an ...
.[Sharaby, 2001, p. 41.] However, unlike with other moshavot in the Hefer Valley, no financial assistance was provided by the moshav movement.[Sharaby, 1998, p. 34.] The first decades were marked by continual conflict with the Jewish Agency.
The population was 310 in 1945 and 460 in 1952.[State of Israel, Government Year-Book 5713, 1952, p. VI.][Government of Palestine, Village Statistics 1945]
p. 20
File:מראה כפר אלישיב בעמק חפר.-JNF044937.jpeg, Elyashiv 1939
File:Qaqun 1939.jpg, Elyashiv 1939 1:20,000
File:Elyashiv1941.jpg, Vicinity of Yemenite moshav Elyashiv in 1941, with location of modern roads added in green
File:Qaqun 1945.jpg, Elyashiv 1945 1:250,000
References
Bibliography
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External links
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 10:
IAAWikimedia commonsGoogle-map
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Moshavim
Hitahdut HaIkarim
Populated places established in 1933
Jewish villages in Mandatory Palestine
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
Yemeni-Jewish culture in Israel
1933 establishments in Mandatory Palestine