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''Eleutherodactylus'' is a
''Eleutherodactylus'' is a genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" '' Triadobatrachus'' is ...
s in the family Eleutherodactylidae
The Eleutherodactylidae are a family of direct-developing frogs native to northern South America, the Caribbean, and southernmost North America. They are sometimes known under the common name rain frogs. Formerly the subfamily Eleutherodactyl ...
.Hedges, S. B., W. E. Duellman, and M. P. Heinicke . 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737: 1-182. Many of the 200 species of the genus are commonly known as "rain frogs" or "robber frogs", due to their sharp, high-pitched, insect-like calls.
The best-known species is the common coquí
The common coquí or coquí (''Eleutherodactylus coqui'') is a species of frog endemic to Puerto Rico belonging to the family Eleutherodactylidae. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night. This sound serves two purposes. "C ...
(''E. coqui''), which is both a national symbol of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...
and a notorious invasive species in Hawaii. Two ''Eleutherodactylus'' species, ''Eleutherodactylus limbatus, E. limbatus'' and ''Eleutherodactylus iberia, E. iberia'', are among the smallest known frogs, measuring only 8.5 mm in length (only slightly larger than ''Paedophryne amauensis'', which measures around 7.7 mm).
Etymology
The name "Eleutherodactylus" is derived from the Greek language, Greek words for ‘free-toed’, composed of the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘free, unbound’) and ' (, ‘finger, toe’). Most species are small, slender, and cryptically colored, with three to five free toes. A few, such as the web-footed coquí (''E. karlschmidti'') of Puerto Rico, do have completely webbed feet.Distribution and habitat
Species of ''Eleutherodactylus'' are found throughout the Neotropics, including the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Additionally, the common coquí (''E. coqui'') has been introduced to several islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, as well as elsewhere in the Pacific. They can be terrestrial, arboreal, or aquatic, typically living in forests or Riparian zone, riparian areas, and feeding primarily upon arthropods. Many ''Eleutherodactylus'' species have highly restricted ranges and are found on only one island or in one or a few localities. Even some of these restricted species can occur at very high densities.Reproduction and development
All species of ''Eleutherodactylus'' are characterized by direct development, in which eggs hatch directly into small frogs, completely bypassing the tadpole stage. This adaptation may be largely responsible for their ecological and evolutionary success. Most species are characterized by parental behaviors, such as egg-guarding by either the male or female parent. In some cases, even young froglets are attended by parents. Another extinct Puerto Rican species, the golden coquí (''E. jasperi''), gave birth to live young. Many species (for example, Cook's robber frog, ''E. cooki''), also of Puerto Rico, exhibit sexual dimorphism in size and color. Study on ''Eleutherodactylus'' and ''Lithobates'' amphibians shows that number of offsprings instead of body size may help to find which species require conservation from being extinct.Phylogenetics
The basis of forming this genus has been morphological, but sequence comparisons of protein-encoding DNA, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomal RNA have shown geographic range is a much more consistent predictor of cladistics for this group of frogs. The climbing habits of many species have convergent evolution, evolved independently. All true members of the genus have been clustered into subgenera, but many less-related species require more genetic data before they are to be officially classified elsewhere. The theory that the eleutherodactyline colonization of Central America and the Caribbean from their origins in South America occurred during the Cretaceous has fallen out of favor. The fossil record, combined with molecular clock analyses, indicate the subgenera were probably founded by small groups of individuals by flotsam dispersal during the Eocene or Oligocene epochs. Land bridges would have been limited to facilitating dispersal between West Indian islands, however, the Oligocene division of Hispaniola and Cuba resulted in further speciation. The distribution of the subgenus ''Syrrhopus'' is most likely due to a secondary dispersal to Central America from the Greater Antilles during the Miocene. The formation of the Panama Isthmus during the Pliocene has caused some intercontinental distribution among the clades, although only 20 "South American frogs" have ever made it northwards after the original colonization. ''Sensu stricto'', however, it should exclude clades with distributions south of the Panama Canal.Fossil record
Frog remains referred to ''Eleutherodactylus'' have been reported from Dominican amber.Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Eleutherodactylus'': * ''Eleutherodactylus aporostegus'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus bothroboans'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus campi'' (Stejneger, 1915) * ''Eleutherodactylus counouspeus'' Schwartz, 1964 * ''Eleutherodactylus diplasius'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus erythroproctus'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus feichtingeri'' Díaz, Hedges, and Schmid, 2012 * ''Eleutherodactylus limbensis'' Lynn, 1958 * ''Eleutherodactylus melatrigonum'' Schwartz, 1966 * ''Eleutherodactylus notidodes'' Schwartz, 1966 * ''Eleutherodactylus olibrus'' Schwartz, 1958 * ''Eleutherodactylus orarius'' (Dixon, 1957) * ''Eleutherodactylus paralius'' Schwartz, 1976 * ''Eleutherodactylus rucillensis'' Cochran, 1939 * ''Eleutherodactylus sommeri'' Schwartz, 1977 * ''Eleutherodactylus staurometopon'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus tychathrous'' Schwartz, 1965West Indian (subgenus ''Eleutherodactylus (subgenus), Eleutherodactylus'')
* ''Eleutherodactylus abbotti, E. (E.) abbotti'' Cochran, 1923 * ''Eleutherodactylus amplinympha, E. (E.) amplinympha'' Kaiser, Green & Schmid, 1994 * ''Eleutherodactylus antillensis, E. (E.) antillensis'' Reinhardt & Lütken, 1863 * ''Eleutherodactylus audanti, E. (E.) audanti'' Cochran, 1934 * ''Eleutherodactylus auriculatoides, E. (E.) auriculatoides'' Noble, 1923 * ''Eleutherodactylus auriculatus, E. (E.) auriculatus'' Cope, 1862 * ''Eleutherodactylus barlagnei, E. (E.) barlagnei'' Lynch, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus bartonsmithi, E. (E.) bartonsmithi'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus brittoni, E. (E.) brittoni'' Schmidt, 1920 * ''Eleutherodactylus cochranae, E. (E.) cochranae'' Grant, 1932 * ''Eleutherodactylus cooki, E. (E.) cooki'' Grant, 1932 * ''Eleutherodactylus coqui, E. (E.) coqui'' Thomas, 1966 * ''Eleutherodactylus eileenae, E. (E.) eileenae'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus eneidae, E. (E.) eneidae'' Rivero, 1959 * ''Eleutherodactylus flavescens, E. (E.) flavescens'' Noble, 1923 * ''Eleutherodactylus fowleri, E. (E.) fowleri'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus glamyrus, E. (E.) glamyrus'' Estrada & Hedges, 1997 * ''Eleutherodactylus gryllus, E. (E.) gryllus'' Schmidt, 1920 * ''Eleutherodactylus guantanamera, E. (E.) guantanamera'' Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992 * ''Eleutherodactylus haitianus, E. (E.) haitianus'' Barbour, 1942 * ''Eleutherodactylus hedricki, E. (E.) hedricki'' Rivero, 1963 * ''Eleutherodactylus ionthus, E. (E.) ionthus'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus jasperi, E. (E.) jasperi'' Drewry & Jones, 1976 * ''Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, E. (E.) johnstonei'' Barbour, 1914 * ''Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi, E. (E.) juanariveroi'' Ríos-López & Thomas, 2007 * ''Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti, E. (E.) karlschmidti'' Grant, 1931 * ''Eleutherodactylus lamprotes, E. (E.) lamprotes'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus leberi, E. (E.) leberi'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus locustus, E. (E.) locustus'' Schmidt, 1920 * ''Eleutherodactylus mariposa, E. (E.) mariposa'' Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992 * ''Eleutherodactylus martinicensis, E. (E.) martinicensis'' Tschudi, 1838 * ''Eleutherodactylus melacara, E. (E.) melacara'' Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992 * ''Eleutherodactylus minutus, E. (E.) minutus'' Noble, 1923 * ''Eleutherodactylus montanus, E. (E.) montanus'' Schmidt, 1919 * ''Eleutherodactylus parabates, E. (E.) parabates'' Schwartz, 1964 * ''Eleutherodactylus patriciae, E. (E.) patriciae'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus pinchoni, E. (E.) pinchoni'' Schwartz, 1967 * ''Eleutherodactylus pituinus, E. (E.) pituinus'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus poolei, E. (E.) poolei'' Cochran, 1938 * ''Eleutherodactylus portoricensis, E. (E.) portoricensis'' Schmidt, 1927 * ''Eleutherodactylus principalis, E. (E.) principalis'' Estrada & Hedges, 1997 * ''Eleutherodactylus richmondi, E. (E.) richmondi'' Stejneger, 1904 * ''Eleutherodactylus ronaldi, E. (E.) ronaldi'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus schwartzi, E. (E.) schwartzi'' Thomas, 1966 * ''Eleutherodactylus unicolor, E. (E.) unicolor'' Stejneger, 1904 * ''E. (E.) varians'' Gundlach & Peters, 1864 * ''Eleutherodactylus wetmorei, E. (E.) wetmorei'' Cochran, 1932 * ''Eleutherodactylus wightmanae, E. (E.) wightmanae'' Schmidt, 1920West Indian (subgenus ''Euhyas'')
* ''Eleutherodactylus acmonis, E. (Eu.) acmonis'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus adelus, E. (Eu.) adelus'' Diaz, Cadiz & Hedges, 2003 * ''Eleutherodactylus albipes, E. (Eu.) albipes'' Barbour & Shreve, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus alcoae, E. (Eu.) alcoae'' Schwartz, 1971 * ''Eleutherodactylus alticola, E. (Eu.) alticola'' Lynn, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus amadeus, E. (Eu.) amadeus'' Hedges, Thomas & Franz, 1987 * ''Eleutherodactylus andrewsi, E. (Eu.) andrewsi'' Lynn, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus apostates, E. (Eu.) apostates'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus armstrongi, E. (Eu.) armstrongi'' Noble & Hassler, 1933 * ''Eleutherodactylus atkinsi, E. (Eu.) atknisi'' Dunn, 1925 * ''Eleutherodactylus bakeri, E. (Eu.) bakeri'' Cochran, 1935 * ''Eleutherodactylus beguei, E. (Eu.) beguei'' Díaz and Hedges, 2015 * ''Eleutherodactylus blairhedgesi, E. (Eu.) blairhedgesi'' Estrada, Díaz & Rodriguez, 1998 * ''Eleutherodactylus bresslerae, E. (Eu.) bresslerae'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus brevirostris, E. (Eu.) brevirostris'' Shreve, 1936 * ''Eleutherodactylus caribe, E. (Eu.) caribe'' Hedges & Thomas, 1992 * ''Eleutherodactylus casparii, E. (Eu.) casparii'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus cavernicola, E. (Eu.) cavernicola'' Lynn, 1954 * ''Eleutherodactylus corona, E. (Eu.) corona'' Hedges & Thomas, 1992 * ''Eleutherodactylus cubanus, E. (Eu.) cubanus'' Barbour, 1942 * ''Eleutherodactylus cundalli, E. (Eu.) cundalli'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus cuneatus, E. (Eu.) cuneatus'' Cope, 1862 * ''Eleutherodactylus darlingtoni, E. (Eu.) darlingtoni'' Cochran, 1935 * ''Eleutherodactylus dimidiatus, E. (Eu.) dimidiatus'' Cope, 1862 * ''Eleutherodactylus dolomedes, E. (Eu.) dolomedes'' Hedges & Thomas, 1992 * ''Eleutherodactylus emiliae, E. (Eu.) emiliae'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus etheridgei, E. (Eu.) etheridgei'' Schwartz, 1958 * ''Eleutherodactylus eunaster, E. (Eu.) eunaster'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus furcyensis, E. (Eu.) furcyensis'' Shreve & Williams, 1963 * ''Eleutherodactylus fuscus, E. (Eu.) fuscus'' Lynn & Dent, 1943 * ''Eleutherodactylus glandulifer, E. (Eu.) glandulifer'' Cochran, 1935 * ''Eleutherodactylus glanduliferoides, E. (Eu.) glanduliferoides'' Shreve, 1936 * ''Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus, E. (Eu.) glaphycompus'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus glaucoreius, E. (Eu.) glaucoreius'' Schwartz & Fowler, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus goini, E. (Eu.) goini'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus gossei, E. (Eu.) gossei'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus grabhami, E. (Eu.) grabhami'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus grahami, E. (Eu.) grahami'' Schwartz, 1979 * ''Eleutherodactylus greyi, E. (Eu.) greyi'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus griphus, E. (Eu.) griphus'' Crombie, 1986 * ''Eleutherodactylus guanahacabibes, E. (Eu.) guanahacabibes'' Estrada & Rodriguez, 1985 * ''Eleutherodactylus gundlachi, E. (Eu.) gundlachi'' Schmidt, 1920 * ''Eleutherodactylus heminota, E. (Eu.) heminota'' Shreve & Williams, 1963 * ''Eleutherodactylus iberia, E. (Eu.) iberia'' Estrada & Hedges, 1996 * ''Eleutherodactylus intermedius, E. (Eu.) intermedius'' Barbour & Shreve, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus jamaicensis, E. (Eu.) jamaicensis'' Barbour, 1910 * ''Eleutherodactylus jaumei, E. (Eu.) jaumei'' Estrada & Alonso, 1997 * ''Eleutherodactylus jugans, E. (Eu.) jugans'' Cochran, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus junori, E. (Eu.) junori'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus klinikowskii, E. (Eu.) klinikowskii'' Schwartz, 1959 * ''Eleutherodactylus lentus, E. (Eu.) lentus'' Cope, 1862 * ''Eleutherodactylus leoncei, E. (Eu.) leoncei'' Shreve & Williams, 1963 * ''Eleutherodactylus limbatus, E. (Eu.) limbatus'' Cope, 1862 * ''Eleutherodactylus lucioi, E. (Eu.) lucioi'' Schwartz, 1980 * ''Eleutherodactylus luteolus, E. (Eu.) luteolus'' Gosse, 1851 * ''Eleutherodactylus maestrensis, E. (Eu.) maestrensis'' Díaz, Cádiz & Navarro, 2005 * ''Eleutherodactylus michaelschmidi, E. (Eu.) michaelschmidi'' Díaz, Cádiz & Navarro, 2007 * ''Eleutherodactylus monensis, E. (Eu.) monensis'' Meerwarth, 1901 * ''Eleutherodactylus nubicola, E. (Eu.) nubicola'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus orcutti, E. (Eu.) orcutti'' Dunn, 1928 * ''Eleutherodactylus orientalis, E. (Eu.) orientalis'' Barbour & Shreve, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus, E. (Eu.) oxyrhyncus'' Duméril & Bibron, 1841 * ''Eleutherodactylus pantoni, E. (Eu.) pantoni'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus paulsoni, E. (Eu.) paulsoni'' Schwartz, 1964 * ''Eleutherodactylus pentasyringos, E. (Eu.) pentasyringos'' Schwartz & Fowler, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus pezopetrus, E. (Eu.) pezopetrus'' Schwartz, 1960 * ''Eleutherodactylus pictissimus, E. (Eu.) pictissimus'' Cochran, 1935 * ''Eleutherodactylus pinarensis, E. (Eu.) pinarensis'' Dunn, 1926 * ''Eleutherodactylus planirostris, E. (Eu.) planirostris'' Cope, 1862 * ''Eleutherodactylus probolaeus, E. (Eu.) probolaeus'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus rhodesi, E. (Eu.) rhodesi'' Schwartz, 1980 * ''Eleutherodactylus ricordii, E. (Eu.) ricordii'' Duméril & Bibron, 1841 * ''Eleutherodactylus riparius, E. (Eu.) riparius'' Estrada & Hedges, 1998 * ''Eleutherodactylus rivularis, E. (Eu.) rivularis'' Diaz, Estrada & Hedges, 2001 * ''Eleutherodactylus rogersi, E. (Eu.) rogersi'' Goin, 1955 * ''Eleutherodactylus rufifemoralis, E. (Eu.) rufifemroralis'' Noble & Hassler, 1933 * ''Eleutherodactylus schmidti, E. (Eu.) schmidti'' Noble, 1923 * ''Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus, E. (Eu.) sciagraphus'' Schwartz, 1973 * ''Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus, E. (Eu.) semipalmatus'' Shreve, 1936 * ''Eleutherodactylus simulans, E. (Eu.) simulans'' Diaz & Fong, 2001 * ''Eleutherodactylus sisyphodemus, E. (Eu.) sisyphodemus'' Crombie, 1977 * ''Eleutherodactylus tetajulia, E. (Eu.) tetajulia'' Estrada & Hedges, 1996 * ''Eleutherodactylus thomasi, E. (Eu.) thomasi'' Schwartz, 1959 * ''Eleutherodactylus thorectes, E. (Eu.) thorectes'' Hedges, 1988 * ''Eleutherodactylus toa, E. (Eu.) toa'' Estrada & Hedges, 1991 * ''Eleutherodactylus tonyi, E. (Eu.) tonyi'' Estrada & Hedges, 1997 * ''Eleutherodactylus turquinensis, E. (Eu.) turquinensis'' Barbour & Shreve, 1937 * ''Eleutherodactylus varleyi, E. (Eu.) varleyi'' Dunn, 1925 * ''Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus, E. (Eu.) ventrilineatus'' Shreve, 1936 * ''Eleutherodactylus warreni, E. (Eu.) warreni'' Schwartz, 1976 * ''Eleutherodactylus weinlandi, E. (Eu.) weinlandi'' Barbour, 1914 * ''Eleutherodactylus zugi, E. (Eu.) zugi'' Schwartz, 1958Hispaniolan (subgenus ''Pelorius'')
* ''Eleutherodactylus cattus, E. (P.) cattus'' Rodriguez, Dugo-Cota, Montero-Mendieta, Gonzalez-Voyer, Alonso Bosch, Vences, and Vilà, 2017 * ''Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax, E. (P.) chlorophenax'' Schwartz, 1976 * ''Eleutherodactylus geitonos, E. (P.) geitonos'' Díaz, Incháustegui, Marte, Köhler, Cádiz, and Rodríguez, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus hypostenor, E. (P.) hypostenor'' Schwartz, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus inoptatus, E. (P.) inoptatus'' Barbour, 1914 * ''Eleutherodactylus ligiae, E. (P.) ligiae'' Incháustegui, Díaz, and Marte, 2015 * ''Eleutherodactylus neiba, E. (P.) neiba'' Incháustegui, Díaz, and Marte, 2015 * ''Eleutherodactylus nortoni, E. (P.) nortoni'' Schwartz, 1976 * ''Eleutherodactylus parapelates, E. (P.) parapelates'' Hedges & Thomas, 1987 * ''Eleutherodactylus ruthae, E. (P.) ruthae'' Noble, 1923North America, North/Central American and Cuban (subgenus ''Syrrhopus'')
* ''Eleutherodactylus albolabris, E. (S.) albolabris'' Lynch & Lescure, 1980 * ''Eleutherodactylus angustidigitorum, E. (S.) angustidigitorum'' Taylor, 1940 * ''Eleutherodactylus colimotl'' Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones, and Boissinot, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides, E. (S.) cystingnathoides'' Cope, 1877 * ''Eleutherodactylus dennisi, E. (S.) dennisi'' Lynch, 1970 * ''Eleutherodactylus dilatus, E. (S.) dilatus'' Davis & Dixon, 1955 * ''Eleutherodactylus erendirae, E. (S.) erendirae'' Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones, and Boissinot, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus floresvillelai, E. (S.) floresvillelai'' Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones, and Boissinot, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus grandis, E. (S.) grandis'' Dixon, 1957 * ''Eleutherodactylus grunwaldi, E. (S.) grunwaldi'' Reyes-Velasco, Ahumada-Carrillo, Burkhardt, and Devitt, 2015 * ''Eleutherodactylus guttilatus, E. (S.) guttilatus'' Cope, 1879 * ''Eleutherodactylus interorbitalis, E. (S.) interorbitalis'' Langebartel & Shannon, 1956 * ''Eleutherodactylus jaliscoensis, E. (S.) jaliscoensis'' Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones, and Boissinot, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus leprus, E. (S.) leprus'' Cope, 1879 * ''Eleutherodactylus longipes, E. (S.) longipes'' Baird, 1859 * ''Eleutherodactylus manantlanensis, E. (S.) manantlanensis'' Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones, and Boissinot, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus marnockii, E. (S.) marnockii'' Cope, 1878 * ''Eleutherodactylus maurus, E. (S.) maurus'' Hedges, 1989 * ''Eleutherodactylus modestus, E. (S.) modestus'' Taylor, 1942 * ''Eleutherodactylus nietoi, E. (S.) nietoi'' Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones, and Boissinot, 2018 * ''Eleutherodactylus nitidus, E. (S.) nitidus'' Peters, 1870 * ''Eleutherodactylus pallidus, E. (S.) pallidus'' Duellman, 1958 * ''Eleutherodactylus pipilans, E. (S.) pipilans'' Taylor, 1940 * ''Eleutherodactylus rubrimaculatus, E. (S.) rubrimaculatus'' Taylor & Smith, 1945 * ''Eleutherodactylus rufescens, E. (S.) rufescens'' (Duellman & Dixon, 1959) * ''Eleutherodactylus saxatilis, E. (S.) saxatilis'' Webb, 1962 * ''Eleutherodactylus symingtoni, E. (S.) symingtoni'' Schwartz, 1957 * ''Eleutherodactylus syristes, E. (S.) syristes'' Hoyt, 1965 * ''Eleutherodactylus teretistes, E. (S.) teretistes'' Duellman, 1958 * ''Eleutherodactylus verrucipes, E. (S.) verrucipes'' Cope, 1885 * ''Eleutherodactylus verruculatus, E. (S.) verruculatus'' Peters, 1870 * ''Eleutherodactylus wixarika, E. (S.) wixarika'' Reyes-Velasco, Ahumada-Carrillo, Burkhardt, and Devitt, 2015 * ''Eleutherodactylus zeus, E. (S.) zeus'' Schwartz, 1958References