The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002, SI 2002/2013, incorporates the EU Electronic Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC into the law of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

. Enacted pursuant to European Communities Act 1972 They apply to

contracts A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties. A contract typically involves consent to transfer of goods, services, money, or promise to transfer any of thos ...

concluded by electronic means over distance whereby the buyer is a consumer. This subordinate legislation provides for rights of the consumer and provisions for which the seller is obliged to fulfill.

Definition of a consumer

A Consumer is a "natural person who is acting for the purposes other than those of his trade, business or profession."reg 2(1). The definition is slightly broader than that for the purposes of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 as the subjective requirement of ''the person not regarding themselves as acting in the course of a business'', therefore one may be a consumer if using a company account or using business details for tax purposes.

Obligations imposed upon the seller

Before the contract is formed, the seller must state in a "clear comprehensible and unambiguous manner" the technical step involved to place an order (contractual offer).reg 9(1)(a). Terms and conditions under which the contract is concluded must be made available to the consumer in a means capable of reproduction and storage.reg 9(3). This does not apply to

email Electronic mail (usually shortened to email; alternatively hyphenated e-mail) is a method of transmitting and receiving Digital media, digital messages using electronics, electronic devices over a computer network. It was conceived in the ...

, although the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000 may apply. These rights can be expressly exempted,reg 9(1). although these regulations applied to the exemption clause, as did the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999. Information that must be provided to the consumer. * Acknowledgement of the order by electronic means without undue delay,reg 11(1)(a). and information of how to amend any input errors made.reg 11(1)(b). More information must be given under the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000.

Rights of the consumer

Liability of breach of these conditions gives rise to an action for Breach of statutory duty.reg 13. A court order may be given for access to terms and conditions of which the ''consumer'' has already consented. Where the ''consumer'' has not been informed in the correct manner of the procedure to amend errors in orders and they have made errors, the

contract A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties. A contract typically involves consent to transfer of goods, services, money, or promise to transfer any of thos ...

can be rescinded.reg 15.

Contractual construction

reg 12 provides that a contractual offer occurs when the order is sent. RichardsRichards, P, ''The Law of Contract'', ed7 (2006, London: Pearsons) at 42 construes reg 11(2) as providing that the acknowledgement screen will constitute a contractual acceptance. ''Instantaneous Communication'' here is in line with that discussed by Lord Denning in '' Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation'' 9552 QB 327. and so communication is effect when received or when it can reasonably be deemed to have been received.

External links

OPSI: SI 2002/2013

References