Eduard von Martens (18 April 1831 – 14 August 1904) also known as ''Carl'' or ''Karl Eduard von Martens'', was a German zoologist.
Born in
Stuttgart
Stuttgart (; ; Swabian German, Swabian: ; Alemannic German, Alemannic: ; Italian language, Italian: ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city of the States of Germany, German state of ...
in 1831, von Martens attended university in
Tübingen
Tübingen (; ) is a traditional college town, university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer (Neckar), Ammer rivers. about one in ...
, where he graduated in 1855.
He then moved to
Berlin
Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
, where he would be based for the remainder of his career, both at the Zoological Museum of the Berlin University (from 1855) and, from 1859 on, at the .
In 1860, he embarked on the ''Thetis'' expedition of the Prussian expedition to
Eastern Asia
East Asia is a geocultural region of Asia. It includes China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan, plus two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau. The economies of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan ...
.
When the expedition returned to Europe in 1862, von Martens continued to travel around
Maritime Southeast Asia
Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the Southeast Asian countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor.
The terms Island Southeast Asia and Insular Southeast Asia are sometimes given the same meaning as ...
for 15 months.
He published the results of the "Thetis" expedition in two volumes, constituting the Zoologischer Theil of the "Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien." Vol. ii, consisting of 447 pages and 22 plates, contained a very full account of the land molluscs.
Back in Berlin, von Martens was curator of the malacological and other invertebrate sections until his death.
Von Martens described 155 new
genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
(150 of them
molluscs
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
) and almost 1,800
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
(including around 1,680 molluscs, 39
crustacean
Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...
s, and 50
echinoderm
An echinoderm () is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". While bilaterally symmetrical as ...
s).
He was a foreign member of the
Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript a ...
, and a corresponding member of the
Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity and organization devoted to the worldwide animal conservation, conservation of animals and their habitat conservation, habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained London Zo ...
.
Bibliography
Besides many memoirs, von Martens wrote over 200 separate papers in scientific publications. Besides his work on
Mollusca
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
, von Martens wrote upon all branches of zoology, but especially upon
Crustacea
Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...
and
Echinoderms
An echinoderm () is any animal of the phylum Echinodermata (), which includes starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers, as well as the sessile sea lilies or "stone lilies". While bilaterally symmetrical as larv ...
.
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Die Heliceen, nach natürlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. (with
Johann Christian Albers
Johann Christian Albers (13 March 1795, Bremen – September 1857, Stuttgart) was a German physician and malacologist.
During his career, he served as ''Medicinalrath'' and ''Regierungsrath'' in Berlin. As a zoologist, he was the binomial autho ...
)
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* 1866. Genus ''Lanistes'' Montfort. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 2 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 285–295
* 1867. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach amtlichen Quellen. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Die Landschnecken, vol. 2, Königliche Geheime Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin
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* 1868. Description of a new species. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 3 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 381
* 1869. Mollusken. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859–1865, vol. 3 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Part 1, Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Crustaceen, Mollusken und Echinodermen Kersten, O. ed., 53–66
* 1869. Uebersicht der Land- und Süsswassermollusken der ostafrikanischen Küste von Cap Guardafui bis Port Natal nebst nächstliegenden Inseln. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859–1865, vol. 3 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Part 1, Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Crustaceen, Mollusken und Echinodermen Kersten, O. ed., 148–160
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* 1871. Donum Bismarckianum. Eine Sammlung von Südsee-Conchylien, Ferdinand Berggold, Berlin (mit B. Langkavel)
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* 1873. Description of a new species. In: Catalogue of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with diagnoses of the species, vol. Hutton, F.W. ed.
* 1873. Critical list of the Mollusca of New Zealand contained in European collections, with references to descriptions and synonyms, Government printer, Wellington
* 1873. Die Binnenmollusken Venezuela's. In: Festschrift zur Feier des hundertjähringen Bestehens der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, vol. Reichert, K.B. ed., 157–225
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* 1874. Sliznyaki Mollusca. In: Reise in Turkestan von Alexis Fedtschenkow. Auf Veranlassung des General-Gouverneurs von Turestan, General Kaufmann Gesellschaft der Freunde der Naturwissenschaften in Moskau ed., vol. 2 Zoologischer Theil 1 Fedchencko, A.P. ed.
* 1874. Ueber vorderasiatische Conchylien, nach den Sammlungen des Prof. Hausknecht. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed.
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* 1875. Die Gattung ''Neritina''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 1–64
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* 1876. Description of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 4 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 145–171
* 1876. Die ''Bulimus''-Arten aus der Gruppe ''Borus''. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 1–26
* 1877. Die Gattung ''Neritina''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 65–144
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* 1877. Description of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 29–38
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* 1878. Die Gattung ''Neritiana''. In. Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 2 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 145–208
* 1878. Kaukasische Conchylien. In: Naturwissenschaftliche Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kaukasusländer, auf Grund seiner Sammelbeute, Schneider, O. ed., 11–34
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* 1879. Descriptions of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 175–197
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* 1880. Mollusken. In: Beiträge zur Meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen, vol. Möbius, K. ed., 181–352
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* 1881. Die Gattung ''Navicella''. In. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 1–40
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* 1882. Die Gattung ''Navicella''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 41–56
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* 1886. Description of a new ''Physa''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 1 Clessin, S. ed., 350
* 1886. Mollusca. In: M.M. Schepman, Systematische lijst, met beschrijving der nieuwe soorten.. In. Midden-Sumatra. Reizen en onderzoekingen der Sumatra-Expeditie ... Deel IV Natuurlijke Historie, I Fauna, 3, vol. 3 Veth, P.J. ed., 5–18
* 1886.
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* 1886 (with G. Pfeiffer).
* 1887–1889. Die Gattung ''Nerita'' und ''Neritopsis''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 1–64
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* 1890–1901.
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* 1891. Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels. In: Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien, vol. Weber, M. ed., 209–263
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* 1894. Description of a new ''Limicolaria''. In: W.Kobelt, Die Genera ''Livihacia'', ''Pseudachatina'', ''Perideris'', ''Limicolaria'', und ''Homorus''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 1, 72
* 1894.
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* 1894. Mollusken. In. Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem malayischen Archipel, ser. Denkschriften der medicinisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 8, vol. 5 Semon, R. ed., 83–96
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* 1897. Süss- und Brackwasser Mollusken des Indischen Archipels.. In. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien, vol. 4 Weber, M. ed., 1–331
* 1897. Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas. In: Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, vol. 4 Stuhlmann, F. ed.
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* 1899. Mollusca. In: Symbolae Physicae sei icones adhuc ineditae corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex per Libyam ... . Zoologica Carlgren, F., Hilgendorf, F., Martens, E.v., Matschie, P., Tornier, G. & Weltner, W. ed., 11–12
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* 1904. Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898–1899.. In. A. Systematisch-geographischer Theil., vol. 7 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899, 1–146
* 1904. Anhang VII. Mollusken. In. Die Kalahari. Versuch einer physisch-geographischen Darstellung der Sandfelder des südafrikanischen Beckens Passarge, S. ed., 754–759
* 1905.
* 1908 (with
Johannes Thiele Johannes Thiele may refer to:
*Johannes Thiele (zoologist)
*Johannes Thiele (chemist)
{{hndis, Thiele, Johannes ...
).
See also
*
:Taxa named by Eduard von Martens
References
Obituary notes in Journal of Molluscan Studies 6.6 (1905): 315-318
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martens, Eduard von
German malacologists
German carcinologists
1831 births
1904 deaths
19th-century German zoologists
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Scientists from Stuttgart
University of Tübingen alumni