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ESAT-6 or early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa, is produced by ''
There are also connections between the ESAT-6 marker and the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.
First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, ''M. tuberculosis'' ha ...
'', it is a secretory protein
A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. Secretory proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reti ...
and potent T cell
T cells (also known as T lymphocytes) are an important part of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell ...
antigen
In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response.
...
. It is used in tuberculosis diagnosis
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by finding ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' bacteria in a clinical specimen taken from the patient. While other investigations may strongly suggest tuberculosis as the diagnosis, they cannot confirm it.
A complete medi ...
by the whole blood interferon γ test Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) are medical tests used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays rely on the fact that T-lymphocytes will release IFN-γ when exposed to specific ...
QuantiFERON
An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is a diagnostic tool for indicating a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). IGRAs are surrogate markers of ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' infection and indicate a cellular immune response to ''M.tuberculo ...
-TB Gold, in conjunction with CFP-10
CFP-10 within bacterial proteins (also known as ESAT-6-like protein esxB or secreted antigenic protein MTSA-10 or 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen CFP-10) is a protein that is encoded by the ''esxB'' gene.
CFP-10 is a 10 kDa secreted antigen fro ...
.
ESAT-6 has been shown to directly bind to the TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TLR2'' gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune sy ...
receptor, inhibiting downstream signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a biochemical cascade, series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptor (biology), rece ...
. It has also been studied that the inactivation of ESAT-6 leads to decreased virulence of ''M. tuberculosis''. Secretion of the ESAT-6 protein is one of the main determining factors in the virulence of the ''M. tuberculosis.'' ESAT-6 has more commonly become a marker for the TB diagnosis and treatment. There is also the use of the ESAT increase the production of virulent factors that cause for the increase in pathogenicity of TB.
ESAT-6 is one of the main proteins that is inhibited in the production of vaccines for ''M. tuberculosis'' with the combination of the increased antigenic factors agβ5-A and the agβ5-C. There are studies that are currently trying to connect the linkage between ESAT-6 and the epithelial cells that are in the lungs, which has shown the dependence on the induction of the IL-8 promoter.
ESAT-6 and CFP-10
There are also connections between the ESAT-6 marker and the CFP-10
CFP-10 within bacterial proteins (also known as ESAT-6-like protein esxB or secreted antigenic protein MTSA-10 or 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen CFP-10) is a protein that is encoded by the ''esxB'' gene.
CFP-10 is a 10 kDa secreted antigen fro ...
marker. These are both being produced in ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis
''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.
First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, ''M. tuberculosis'' ha ...
'' cells and is subject to the positive correlation of virulence to the amount of protein produced. Recent work shows that the production of these proteins is a process that is caused by the flanking genes. ESAT-6 and CFP-10 have also been increasingly used for in house antigen tests that now allow for quick testing of antibodies for the use of TB, but there are still determinations being made on what levels of these antigens or antibiodies would be considered normal.{{Cite web , title=Early Secretory Antigenic Target 6 - an overview {{! ScienceDirect Topics , url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/early-secretory-antigenic-target-6 , access-date=2022-05-05 , website=www.sciencedirect.com
See also
*Joyoti Basu
Joyoti Basu (born 17 December 1957) is an Indian biochemist, cell biologist and a senior professor at the Bose Institute. Known for her studies on the membrane structure of red blood cells, Basu is an elected fellow of all three major Indian sci ...
References