Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 (eIF1) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''EIF1''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
. It is related to yeast
SUI1.
eIF1 interacts with the eukaryotic small (
40S) ribosomal subunit and
eIF3
Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a multiprotein complex that functions during the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation. It is essential for most forms of Eukaryotic translation#Cap-dependent initiation, cap-dependent and Eukaryotic ...
, and is a component of the 43S preinitiation complex (PIC).
eIF1 and
eIF1A bind cooperatively to the 40S to stabilize an "open" conformation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) during
eukaryotic translation
Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is Translation (biology), translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping.
Initiation
Translation init ...
initiation.
eIF1 binds to a region near the ribosomal P-site in the 40S subunit and functions in a manner similar to the structurally related bacterial counterpart
IF3.
Structure
eIF1 is a conserved translation protein in all eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the investigation of codon-anticodon mismatches during the initiation of translation. In order to determine the structure of human eIF1, an experiment with N-terminal His tag and eIF1 are conducted via using NMR spectroscopy. Scientists have discovered a binding site by generating yeast mutation and study the neighbor conserved residues located in the same region. GST pull-down experiments has shown that eIF1 binds precisely to the p110 subunit of eIF3 as a result explaining eIF1 recruiting.
Function
The function of eIf1 has some hidden aspects. However, in all eukaryotic cells initiation of mRNA translation starts with scanning via ribosomal 43S preinitiation complexes starting from the 5’ end of the mRNA. Next, induction via eIF1 and eIF1A are needed to disclose the conformation of the 40S subunit in order to induce DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A, its cofactor eIF4B, and eIF4G activity.
See also
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Eukaryotic initiation factors
References
Further reading
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External links
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Cap-dependent translation initiationfrom Nature Reviews Microbiology. A good image and overview of the function of initiation factors
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