The ( vec, domini de terraferma or , ) was the
hinterland
Hinterland is a German word meaning "the land behind" (a city, a port, or similar). Its use in English was first documented by the geographer George Chisholm in his ''Handbook of Commercial Geography'' (1888). Originally the term was associate ...
territories of the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...
beyond the
Adriatic coast in
Northeast Italy. They were one of the three subdivisions of the Republic's possessions, the other two being the original ''
Dogado'' (Duchy) and the ''
Stato da Màr'' (maritime territories).
Geography
At its greatest extent, it included the present-day Italian regions of
Veneto, Western and Central
Friuli-Venezia Giulia and the eastern parts of
Lombardy (i.e. the present-day
Bergamo and
Brescia
Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; vec, Bressa) is a city and '' comune'' in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Garda and Iseo ...
provinces) up to the
Adda River, where it bordered on the Imperial
Duchy of Milan.
In the south the lower
Po River (
Polesine) formed the border with the
Papal States
The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...
. The ''Terraferma'' comprised the western and central parts of the historic
Friuli region, except for the easternmost part along the
Isonzo River, which was held by the Imperial
Counts of Görz. In the north, the
Carnic and
Julian Alps marked the border with the
Inner Austria
Inner Austria (german: Innerösterreich; sl, Notranja Avstrija; it, Austria Interiore) was a term used from the late 14th to the early 17th century for the Habsburg hereditary lands south of the Semmering Pass, referring to the Imperial duchi ...
n duchies of
Carinthia and
Carniola.
History
Venice had conquered the
Mestre
Mestre () is a borough of the '' comune'' (municipality) of Venice, on the mainland opposite the historical island city in the region of Veneto, Italy.
Administratively, Mestre forms (together with the nearby Carpenedo) the ''Municipalit� ...
mainland from the
Scaliger rulers at
Verona in 1337, followed by
Treviso and
Bassano del Grappa in 1339. The development of the ''Terraferma'' province actually began with the accession of Doge
Michele Steno in 1400, who systematically campaigned in the Venetian hinterland in order to secure trade and sustenance for the citizens of Venice. His successors
Tommaso Mocenigo
Tommaso Mocenigo (1343–1423) was ''doge'' (chief magistrate) of the Republic of Venice from 1414 until his death.
Biography
He commanded the crusading fleet in the expedition to Nicopolis in 1396 and also won battles against the Genoes ...
and
Francesco Foscari
Francesco Foscari (19 June 1373 – 1 November 1457) was the 65th Doge of the Republic of Venice from 1423 to 1457. His reign, the longest of all Doges in Venetian history, lasted 34 years, 6 months and 8 days, and coincided with the inception ...
enlarged the possessions to the disadvantage not only of the Scaligeri, but also of the
Carraresi at
Padua (Lord
Francesco Novello da Carrara was executed in 1406) and the
Visconti
Visconti is a surname which may refer to:
Italian noble families
* Visconti of Milan, ruled Milan from 1277 to 1447
** Visconti di Modrone, collateral branch of the Visconti of Milan
* Visconti of Pisa and Sardinia, ruled Gallura in Sardinia from ...
at
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
.
In 1420, Venice annexed the Friulian territories of the Imperial
Patriarchate of Aquileia from the Adriatic coast up to
Pontebba in the Julian Alps. Emperor
Sigismund had to acknowledge the acquisition in 1433; four years later he officially ceded the territory to Venice as an
Imperial
Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism.
Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to:
Places
United States
* Imperial, California
* Imperial, Missouri
* Imperial, Nebraska
* Imperial, Pennsylvania
* Imperial, Texas
...
fief. In 1523 Emperor
Charles V finally renounced all titles as feudal lord.
On the
fall of the Republic and the
Treaty of Campo Formio, the ''Domini'' spent a short while under French rule until Napoleon ceded it to Austria in 1797, and in 1805 the former ''Domini'' were united with the
Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814; it, Regno d'Italia; french: Royaume d'Italie) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) in personal union with Napoleon I's French Empire. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France ...
(1805–14), and in 1815 with what was left of Lombardy to make the
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia under the control of the
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...
. It was
united with the
Kingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of the
Third Italian War of Independence.
Sources
*
*
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Domini Di Terraferma
History of Veneto
1433 establishments in Europe
15th-century establishments in the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
1797 disestablishments in the Republic of Venice