Deodato Arellano
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Deodato Arellano y de la Cruz (July 26, 1844 – October 7, 1899) was a Filipino propagandist and the first
president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
of the
Katipunan The Katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK; en, Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation ...
, which was founded at his home in Azcarraga Street ( Claro M. Recto Avenue today),
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
. He was first to be given the title Supremo by the Katipunan. After studying bookkeeping in Ateneo de Municipal de Manila (
Ateneo de Manila University , mottoeng = Light in the Lord , type = Private, research, non-profit, coeducational basic and higher education institution , established = December 10, 1859 , religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic (Jesuits) , academic_aff ...
now), he became an assistant clerk for the Spanish military. He was a member of the Freemasonry in the Philippines and became involved in the
Propaganda Movement The Propaganda Movement encompassed the activities of a group of Filipinos who called for political reforms in their land in the late 19th century, and produced books, leaflets, and newspaper articles to educate others about their goals and is ...
.


Biography


Early life and career

Arellano was born on July 26, 1844, in
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metr ...
,
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metr ...
to Juan Arellano and Mamerta de la Cruz. Their family surname was replaced to Arellano conforming to the 1849 order of then
Governor-General of the Philippines The Governor-General of the Philippines (Spanish: ''Gobernador y Capitán General de Filipinas''; Filipino: ''Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas/Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas''; Japanese: ) was the title of the government executive during the colon ...
Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa Narciso José Anastasio Clavería y Zaldúa (Catalan: ''Narcís Josep Anastasi Claveria i Zaldua''; 2 May 1795 – 20 June 1851) was a Spanish army officer who served as the Governor-General of the Philippines from July 16 1844 to December 26 1 ...
to standardize conventions on family names. Arellano went to Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now known as
Ateneo de Manila University , mottoeng = Light in the Lord , type = Private, research, non-profit, coeducational basic and higher education institution , established = December 10, 1859 , religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic (Jesuits) , academic_aff ...
) to study about
bookkeeping Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process of accounting in business and other organizations. It involves preparing source documents for all transactions, operations, and other events of a business. Tr ...
. He became an assistant clerk at the weaponry division of the
artillery corps Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications dur ...
of the Spanish military, the ''Maestranza de Artilleria''. His first wife, Paula Rivera, died and became a widower but he later married Hilaria del Pilar (a sister of
Marcelo H. del Pilar Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (; ; August 30, 1850July 4, 1896), commonly known as Marcelo H. del Pilar and also known by his pen name Pláridel,.''Filipinos in History: Volume II'', National Historical Institute, 1990, p. 101 was a ...
), on April 22, 1877. Like his brother in law, Arellano was an active
Freemason Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
, hailing from Logia Lusong No. 185. Buan was his masonic name. He also solicited funds for Filipino expatriates in Spain when del Pilar had to flee to Spain, because of allegedly subversive articles that appeared in the Filipino newspaper that del Pilar published, the ''
Diariong Tagalog ''Diariong Tagalog'' (lit. Newspaper Tagalog) was a patriotic newspaper in Tagalog and Spanish published during the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. It was founded by Marcelo H. del Pilar, Basilio Teodoro Morán, and Pascual H. Poblete in 1 ...
'' (Tagalog Newspaper). He was also part of the short-lived La Propaganda, a movement founded by his brother-in-law del Pilar and
Mariano Ponce Mariano Ponce y Collantes (March 22, 1863 – May 23, 1918) was a Filipino physician, writer and active member of the Propaganda Movement. In Spain, he was among the founders of ''La Solidaridad'' and ''Asociación Hispano-Filipino''. Among his ...
, which sought reforms in the political landscape of the Philippines.


Membership in La Liga Filipina and Katipunan

In 1892, Arellano and other freemasons, like
Andrés Bonifacio Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (, ; November 30, 1863May 10, 1897) was a Filipino Freemason and revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution", and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines ...
, joined
La Liga Filipina La Liga Filipina () was a secret organization. It was founded by José Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892. The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. The purpose ...
, which was founded by
José Rizal José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered the national he ...
upon his return to the country. Arellano was elected the league's secretary. A few days after the founding of La Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested and detained in
Fort Santiago Fort Santiago ( es, Fuerte de Santiago; fil, Kutà ng Santiago), built in 1571, is a citadel built by Spanish navigator and governor Miguel López de Legazpi for the newly established city of Manila in the Philippines. The defense fortress is lo ...
and then later deported to
Dapitan Dapitan, officially the City of Dapitan ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dapitan; Subanon: ''Gembagel G'benwa Dapitan/Bagbenwa Dapitan cbk, Ciudad de Dapitan''), is a 3rd class component city in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to ...
island in
Mindanao Mindanao ( ) ( Jawi: مينداناو) is the second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the island is part of an island group of ...
. On July 7, 1892, it was Gov.
Eulogio Despujol Eulogio Despujol y Dusay (Catalan: ''Eulogi Despujol i Dusay''; 11 March 1834 – 18 October 1907) served as the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines between 1891 and 1893. Alfonso XII granted him the nobiliary title of Count of Caspe aft ...
who announced Rizal's immediate deportation to Dapitan. On the same day, the
Katipunan The Katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK; en, Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation ...
was founded at Arellano's home in 72 Azcarraga Street (now Claro M. Recto Avenue), Manila where Andres Bonifacio— a Liga member— assembled
Teodoro Plata Teodoro Plata (1866 – February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan, the secret society which sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896. He met Andrés Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila ...
,
Valentin Diaz Valentin is a male given name meaning "strong, healthy, power, rule, terco". It comes from the Latin name ''Valentinus'', as in Saint Valentin. Commonly found in Spain, Romania, Bulgaria, France, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, Scandinavia, Latin America ...
,
Ladislao Diwa Ladislao Diwa y Nocon (June 27, 1863 − March 12, 1930) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that initiated the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. Early years He was born in San Roque, Cavite to Mariano ...
, Jose Dizon and Arellano himself to establish the said underground association. Its main goal was to reach Philippine independence from Spain and not just reforms. During the undisclosed October 1892 meeting of the Katipunan, Arellano was elected the first president of its Supreme Council and the first to be given the title Supremo. During his term as president, he endorsed the Katipunan's laws developed by its members particularly Plata and Diwa. In February 1893, Bonifacio saw Arellano as ineffective in leading the secret organization, thus,
Roman Basa Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
replaced him and became the second Supremo. In spite of his removal as president, Arellano respectfully continued to be active in the movement. He organized provincial councils in Bulacan during the same time Bonifacio and other members also organized councils in Manila, as a result, they attained one of the goals of Rizal in forming the Liga.


Later life and death

Arellano brought back the Liga in April 1893 to keep up the efforts of Rizal, despite not being present with them. Juan de Zulueta helped him to reestablish the Liga and they elected new set of officers with Arellano getting the secretary and treasurer positions. Although, the Liga was later dissolved lasting only six months. Three years later, on October 10, 1896, he was arrested and later jailed and then went back to his hometown in Bulacan. When the revolution broke out in August 1896, he joined the brigade of
Gregorio del Pilar Gregorio Hilario del Pilar y Sempio (; ; November 14, 1875 – December 2, 1899) was a Filipino general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine–American War. As one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, he ...
, his nephew, becoming its commissary officer. Although in some historians, his life after his arrest is vague but they inclined to believe that Arellano did join his nephew's brigade. He fought in the battles in Bulacan during the
Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
, but he contracted tuberculosis in the course of the war and died of the disease while he and his fellow revolutionists were fighting in the Cordillera Mountains. His comrades buried him in the town cemetery of La Trinidad,
Benguet Benguet (), officially the Province of Benguet ('';'' ; pag, Luyag/Probinsia na Benguet; ilo, Probinsia ti Benguet; ), is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the islan ...
. There are sources saying that he died of
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
on October 7, 1899 but as previously mentioned, his life after his arrest in 1896 remains unclear. There are historians who hold that after Arellano was named by Katipunan members who were apprehended by the Spaniards and forced to reveal information, he was eventually arrested too, then tortured and finally abandoned to die.


In popular culture

* Julio Diaz portrayed Deodato Arellano in the 1997 film, ''Tirad Pass: The Story of Gen. Gregorio del Pilar''. * Bernard Carritero portrayed Deodato Arellano in ''
Katipunan The Katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK; en, Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation ...
'', a 2013 TV series of
GMA Network GMA Network (Global Media Arts or simply GMA) is a Philippine free-to-air television and radio network. It is the flagship property of publicly traded GMA Network, Inc. Its first broadcast on television was on October 29, 1961. GMA Network (f ...
.


Notes


References

* National Historical Institute, ''Filipinos in History'' 5 vols. (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1995) * Gwekoh, Sol H. ''First Katipunan President'',
The Manila Times ''The Manila Times'' is the oldest extant English language, English-language newspaper in the Philippines. It is published daily by The Manila Times Publishing Corp. (formerly La Vanguardia Publishing Corporation) with editorial and administrati ...
, July 26, 1965 * {{DEFAULTSORT:Arellano, Deodato 1844 births 1899 deaths Paramilitary Filipinos People from Bulacan People of the Philippine Revolution Katipunan members Ateneo de Manila University alumni Filipino Freemasons Clerks Tuberculosis deaths in the Philippines Filipino propagandists 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis