Danish dialects

The Danish language has a number of regional and local dialect varieties. These can be divided into the traditional dialects, which differ from modern Standard Danish in both phonology and grammar, and the Danish accents, which are local varieties of the standard language distinguished mostly by pronunciation and local vocabulary colored by traditional dialects. Traditional dialects are now mostly extinct in Denmark, with only the oldest generations still speaking them.

The traditional dialects are generally divided into three main dialectal areas: Jutlandic dialect, Insular Danish, and Bornholmish. Bornholmish is the only Eastern Danish dialect spoken in Denmark, since the other Eastern Danish dialects (, , and ) were spoken in areas ceded to Sweden and subsequently assimilated to Standard Swedish. Jutlandic is further divided into Southern Jutlandic and Northern Jutlandic, with Northern Jutlandic subdivided into North Jutlandic and West Jutlandic. Insular Danish is divided into Zealand, Funen, , and Lolland-Falster dialect areas – each with additional internal variation.

and tonal accents

The realization of has traditionally been one of the most important isoglosses for classifying geographic dialect areas. There are four main regional variants of :

*In Southeastern Jutlandic, Southernmost Funen, Southern Langeland, and , there is no but rather a form of pitch accent.
*South of a line ( 'the boundary') going through central South Jutland and crossing Southern Funen and central Langeland and north of Lolland-Falster, , Southern Zealand, and Bornholm, there is neither nor pitch accent.
*In most of Jutland and Zealand, there is .
*In Zealandic traditional dialects and regional language, is more frequent than in the standard language.

In Zealand, the line divides Southern Zealand, without , and formerly directly under the Danish crown, from the rest of the island, formerly the property of various noble estates, with .

In the dialects with pitch accent, such as the Southern Jutlandic of (), corresponds to a low level tone, and the non- syllable in Standard Danish corresponds to a high rising tone:

On Zealand, some traditional dialects have a phenomenon called short-vowel (): some monosyllabic words with a short vowel and a coda consonant cluster have when the definite suffix follows: 'priest' but 'the priest'.

In Western Jutland, a second , more like a preconsonantal glottal stop, occurs in addition to the one of Standard Danish. It occurs in different environments, particularly after stressed vowels before final consonant clusters that arise through the elision of final unstressed vowels. For example, the word 'to pull', which is /trække/ in Standard Danish, is ʁæʔkin Western Jutlandic. Also, the present tense , which is /trækker/ in Standard Danish, is ʁæʔkəin Western Jutlandic.

References

Bibliography

*
*
*
*
*
*

{{Language varieties