ota, ایالت شام
, conventional_long_name = Damascus Eyalet
, common_name = Damascus Eyalet
, subdivision =
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
, nation = the Ottoman Empire
, year_start = 1516
, year_end = 1865
, date_start =
, date_end =
, event_start = Battle of Marj Dabiq
, event_end =
, p1 = Mamluk Sultanate
, flag_p1 = Mameluke Flag.svg
, s1 = Syria Vilayet
, flag_s1 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
, s2 = Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem
, flag_s2 = Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
, image_flag = Ottoman Flag.svg
, flag_type =
, image_coat =
, image_map = Damascus Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (1795).png
, image_map_caption = The Damascus Eyalet in 1795
, capital =
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious".
, motto =
, image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg
, image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg
, seal_type = Seal
, map_caption =
, ...
, stat_year1 =
, stat_area1 =
, stat_pop1 =
, stat_year2 =
, stat_area2 =
, stat_pop2 =
, footnotes =
, demonym =
, today =
PalestineIsrael
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
Damascus Eyalet ( ar, إيالة دمشق; ota, ایالت شام, Eyālet-i Šām)
was an
eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
. Its reported area in the 19th century was . It became an eyalet after the Ottomans conquered it from the
Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
in 1516.
[ By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters] Janbirdi al-Ghazali, a Mamluk traitor, was made the first
beylerbey
''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit= bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Selj ...
of Damascus.
The Damascus Eyalet was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a
vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the
Syria Vilayet.
Territorial jurisdiction
The
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
conquered Syria from the
Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
following the
Battle of Marj Dabiq in August 1516 and the subsequent pledges of allegiance paid to the Ottoman sultan,
Selim I
Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite las ...
, in
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious".
, motto =
, image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg
, image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg
, seal_type = Seal
, map_caption =
, ...
by delegations of notables from throughout Syria. The Ottomans established Damascus as the center of an ''
eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...
'' (Ottoman province) whose territories consisted of the ''mamlakat'' (Mamluk provinces) of Damascus,
Hama
Hama ( ar, حَمَاة ', ; syr, ܚܡܬ, ħ(ə)mɑθ, lit=fortress; Biblical Hebrew: ''Ḥamāṯ'') is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located north of Damascus and north of Homs. It is the provincial ...
,
Tripoli,
Safad and
Karak.
[Abu Husayn, p. 11.] The ''mamlaka'' of
Aleppo
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black".
, motto =
, image_map =
, mapsize =
, map_caption =
, image_map1 =
...
, which covered much of northern Syria, became the
Aleppo Eyalet.
For a few months in 1521, Tripoli and its district were separated from Damascus Eyalet, but after 1579, the
Tripoli Eyalet permanently became its own province.
At the close of the 16th century, the Damascus Eyalet was administratively divided into the ''
sanjaks
Sanjaks (liwāʾ) (plural form: alwiyāʾ)
* Armenian: նահանգ (''nahang''; meaning "province")
* Bulgarian: окръг (''okrǔg''; meaning "county", "province", or "region")
* el, Διοίκησις (''dioikēsis'', meaning "province" ...
'' (districts) of
Tadmur
Palmyra (; ar, تَدْمُر, Tadmor; Palmyrene: ''Tadmor'') is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate. It is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert northeast of Damascus and southwest of the Eu ...
,
Safad,
Lajjun
Lajjun ( ar, اللجّون, ''al-Lajjūn'') was a large Palestinian Arab village in Mandatory Palestine, located northwest of Jenin and south of the remains of the biblical city of Megiddo. The Israeli kibbutz of Megiddo, Israel was built on ...
,
Ajlun,
Nablus
Nablus ( ; ar, نابلس, Nābulus ; he, שכם, Šəḵem, ISO 259-3: ; Samaritan Hebrew: , romanized: ; el, Νεάπολις, Νeápolis) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a populati ...
,
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
,
Gaza and
Karak, in addition to the city of Damascus and its district.
[Bakhit 1982, p. 91.] There was also the ''sanjak'' of
Sidon-Beirut, though throughout the late 16th century, it frequently switched hands between the ''eyalets'' of Damascus and Tripoli. Briefly in 1614, and then permanently after 1660, the Sidon-Beirut and Safad ''sanjaks'' were separated from Damascus to form the
Sidon Eyalet.
These administrative divisions largely held place with relatively minor changes until the mid-19th century.
[Salibi, pp. 63–64.]
Governors
*
Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)
*
Ahmad ibn Ridwan
Ahmad ibn Ridwan ( ar, أحمد بن رضوان ) (died 1607), better known as Ahmad Pasha, was the governor of the Damascus Eyalet in the early 17th century. Before that, he was governor of the Gaza Sanjak, a subprovince of Damascus, for nearly 30 ...
(1601–1607)
*
Sulayman Pasha al-Azm
Sulayman Pasha al-Azm ( ar, سليمان باشا العظم; tr, Azmzâde Süleyman Paşa; died August 1743) was the governor of Sidon Eyalet (1727–33), Damascus Eyalet (1733–38, 1741–43), and Egypt Eyalet (1739–40) under the Ottoman Emp ...
(1733–1737; 1741–1743)
*
As'ad Pasha al-Azm (1743–1757)
*
Uthman Pasha al-Kurji
Uthman Pasha al-Kurji (also known as Uthman Pasha al-Sadiq, alternative spellings include ''Othman'', ''Osman'' or ''Usman'' and ''al-Kurdji'' or ''Kurzi''), was the Ottoman governor (''wali'') of Damascus Eyalet between 1760 and 1771.Burns, 2005 ...
(1760-1771)
*
Abdullah Pasha al-Azm
Abdullah Pasha al-Azm ( 1783–1809) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of the Damascus Eyalet (three separate terms, 1795–1807), Aleppo Eyalet (1794), Egypt Eyalet (1798), Adana Eyalet, and Rakka Eyalet (1809), before retiri ...
(1795-1798; 1799-1803; 1804–1807)
*
Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1780–1860) was an Ottoman industrialist and statesman, who was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II (reign 1808–1839) and three times under Abdülmecit I (reign 1839–1861) during t ...
(October 1828 - July 1831)
*
Mehmed Selim Pasha (1830–1831)
Administrative divisions
Sanjaks of Damascus Eyalet in the 17th century:
[ By ]Evliya Çelebi
Derviş Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi ( ota, اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording ...
, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall
*''Khass'' sanjaks (i.e. yielded a land revenue):
#
Sanjak of Damascus
#
Sanjak of Jerusalem
The Sanjak of Jerusalem was an Ottoman administrative district, part of the Damascus Eyalet for much of its existence.Abu-Manneh (1999), pp3637. It was created in the 16th century after the 1516 Turkish conquest of Palestine,Beshara (2012), pp2 ...
#
Sanjak of Gaza
Gaza Sanjak ( ar, سنجق غزة) was a sanjak of the Damascus Eyalet, Ottoman Empire centered in Gaza. In the 16th century it was divided into ''nawahi'' (singular: ''nahiya''; third-level subdivisions): Gaza in the south and Ramla in the nort ...
# Sanjak of
Karak
#
Sanjak of Safad
Safed Sanjak ( ar, سنجق صفد; tr, Safed Sancağı) was a '' sanjak'' (district) of Damascus Eyalet ( Ottoman province of Damascus) in 1517–1660, after which it became part of the Sidon Eyalet (Ottoman province of Sidon). The sanjak was ce ...
#
Sanjak of Nablus
# Sanjak of
Ajlun
# Sanjak of
Lajjun
Lajjun ( ar, اللجّون, ''al-Lajjūn'') was a large Palestinian Arab village in Mandatory Palestine, located northwest of Jenin and south of the remains of the biblical city of Megiddo. The Israeli kibbutz of Megiddo, Israel was built on ...
# Sanjak of
Beqaa Beqaa ( ar, بقاع, link=no, ''Biqā‘'') can refer to two places in Lebanon:
* Beqaa Governorate, one of six major subdivisions of Lebanon
* Beqaa Valley, a valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region
See also
*Kasbeel ...
*''Salyane'' sanjaks (i.e. had an annual allowance from government):
# Sanjak of
Tadmur
Palmyra (; ar, تَدْمُر, Tadmor; Palmyrene: ''Tadmor'') is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate. It is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert northeast of Damascus and southwest of the Eu ...
# Sanjak of
Sidon
Sidon ( ; he, צִידוֹן, ''Ṣīḏōn'') known locally as Sayda or Saida ( ar, صيدا ''Ṣaydā''), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. ...
# Sanjak of
Beirut
Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...
See also
*
Ottoman Syria
Ottoman Syria ( ar, سوريا العثمانية) refers to divisions of the Ottoman Empire within the region of Syria, usually defined as being east of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Euphrates River, north of the Arabian Desert and sout ...
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
{{coord missing, Asia
Ottoman Syria
Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Asia
History of Damascus
Political entities in the Land of Israel
1510s in Ottoman Syria
16th century in Ottoman Syria
17th century in Ottoman Syria
18th century in Ottoman Syria
19th century in Ottoman Syria
1510s establishments in Asia
16th-century establishments in Ottoman Syria
1864 disestablishments in Ottoman Syria
1860s disestablishments in Asia
1516 establishments in the Ottoman Empire