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theoretical physics Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experi ...
, a dynamical horizon (DH) is a local description (i.e. independent of the global structure of Space–time) of evolving black-hole horizons. In the literature there exist two different mathematical formulations of DHs—the 2+2 formulation developed by Sean Hayward and the 3+1 formulation developed by Abhay Ashtekar and others (see ). It provides a description of a
black hole A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light or other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can defo ...
that is evolving (e.g. one that has a non-zero mass-energy influx). A related formalism, for black holes with zero influx, is an
isolated horizon It was customary to represent black hole horizons via stationary solutions of field equations, i.e., solutions which admit a time-translational Killing vector field everywhere, not just in a small neighborhood of the black hole. While this simpl ...
.


Formal definition

The formal definition of a dynamical horizon is as follows:


See also

*
Isolated horizon It was customary to represent black hole horizons via stationary solutions of field equations, i.e., solutions which admit a time-translational Killing vector field everywhere, not just in a small neighborhood of the black hole. While this simpl ...
* Non-expanding horizon


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Other work

* * * * * * Black holes General relativity {{relativity-stub