The Duke of Luynes ( ) is a territorial name belonging to the noble

French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

house d'Albert. Luynes is, today, a commune of the

Indre-et-Loire Indre-et-Loire () is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079.département In the administrative divisions of France, the department (, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level (" territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. There are a total of 101 ...

'' in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. The family of Albert, which sprang from Thomas Alberti (died 1455), ''seigneur'' de Boussargues, ''

bailli A bailiff (, ) was the king's administrative representative during the ''ancien régime'' in northern France, where the bailiff was responsible for the application of justice and control of the administration and local finances in his bailiwick ...

'' of Viviers and Valence, and viguier of Bagnols and

Pont-Saint-Esprit Pont-Saint-Esprit (, literally "Holy Spirit Bridge"; ) is a commune in the Gard département in southern France. It is situated on the river Rhône and is the site of a historical crossing, hence its name. The Ardèche flows into the Rhône, jus ...

Languedoc The Province of Languedoc (, , ; ) is a former province of France. Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately . History ...

, acquired the estate of Luynes in the 16th century.

History

Frans Pourbus the Younger - Portrait of a man - Google Art Project

The grandfather of the first Duke of Luynes was Léon d'Alberti, who changed the family name to Albert and married Jeanne de Ségur of

Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...

in 1535. From the marriage he received a dowry of 10,000

livres Livre may refer to: Currency * French livre, one of a number of obsolete units of currency of France * Livre tournois, one particular obsolete unit of currency of France * Livre parisis, another particular obsolete unit of currency of France * F ...

and the fief of Luynes in today's ''département''

Bouches-du-Rhône Bouches-du-Rhône ( ; , ; ; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a Departments of France, department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var (department), Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the sout ...

Provence Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterrane ...

. His son Honoré was born five years later. Léon d'Albert died in the

Italian Wars The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts fought between 1494 and 1559, mostly in the Italian Peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the House of Valois, Valois kings o ...

. Honoré d'Albert (1540–1592), ''seigneur'' de Luynes, was in the service of the three last Valois kings and of

Henry IV of France Henry IV (; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry (''le Bon Roi Henri'') or Henry the Great (''Henri le Grand''), was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 16 ...

, and became colonel of the French bands, commissary of artillery in

and governor of Beaucaire. Honoré d'Albert had three sons: *

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''* ...

(1578–1621), a favorite of

Louis XIII Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown. ...

, became the first Duke of Luynes in August 1619. He had recently purchased the Comté de Maillé on the

Loire The Loire ( , , ; ; ; ; ) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it drains , more than a fifth of France's land, while its average discharge is only half that of the Rhône. It rises in the so ...

, about 10 miles west of

Tours Tours ( ; ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabita ...

, and the king erected Maillé into the Duchy of Luynes, which included about 50

parishes A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or ...

and extended to the western wall of Tours and around it on three sides. * Honoré (1581–1649), first

Duke of Chaulnes The title of Duke of Chaulnes (), a French peerage, is held by the d'Albert family beginning in 1621. History First creation (1621–1698) The duchy of Chaulnes was established by letters patent in January 1621 and registered on 6 March 1621 a ...

, was ''seigneur'' de

Cadenet Cadenet () is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Geography Cadenet is a village located on the southern slopes of the Luberon Massif, overlooking the valley of the Durance. It ...

and married Charlotte Eugenie d'Ailly, countess of

Chaulnes Chaulnes (; Picard: ''Chonne'') is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography Chaulnes lies in the eastern part of the Somme department, 13 km north of Roye. The Chaulnes station is served by loca ...

, in 1619, and was created

in 1621. He was governor of Picardy and

marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

(1619), and defended his province successfully in 1625 and 1635. He is also responsible for the French translation of

René Descartes René Descartes ( , ; ; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and Modern science, science. Mathematics was paramou ...

Meditations ''Meditations'' () is a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from 161–180 AD, recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy. Composition Marcus Aurelius wrote the 12 books of the ''Meditations'' i ...

, from Latin, in 1647. * Léon (1582–1630), ''seigneur'' de Brantes, who became Duke of Luxembourg-Piney by his marriage in 1620 with

Margaret Charlotte of Luxembourg Margaret is a feminine given name, which means "pearl". It is of Latin origin, via Ancient Greek and ultimately from Old Iranian. It has been an English name since the 11th century, and remained popular throughout the Middle Ages. It became le ...

. After the death of the first Duke of Luynes in 1621, his widow,

Marie de Rohan Marie Aimée de Rohan (; December 1600 – 12 August 1679) was a French courtier and political activist, famed for being the center of many of the intrigues of the first half of the 17th century in France. In various sources, she is often kno ...

remarried to Claude of Lorraine,

Duke of Chevreuse Duke of Chevreuse ( French ''Duc de Chevreuse'') was a French title of nobility, elevated from the barony of Chevreuse in 1545. History The duchy of Chevreuse was originally created for Jean de Brosse, Duc d'Étampes, it was transferred in 155 ...

, from whom she acquired in 1655 the

duchy A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important differe ...

Chevreuse Chevreuse () is a Communes of France, commune in the Departments of France, French department of Yvelines, Regions of France, administrative region of Île-de-France, north-central France. Geography Chevreuse is located south of Paris, in the m ...

, which she gave to Louis Charles d'Albert, her son by her first husband, in 1663. From that point forward, the title of Duke of Chevreuse and Duke of Luynes was borne by the eldest sons of the family of Luynes, which also inherited the title of Duke of Chaulnes on the extinction of the descendants of Honoré d'Albert in 1698. The branch of the dukes of Luxemburg-Piney became extinct in 1697.

Other notable family members

Some other notable family members are: *

Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly Louis Auguste d'Albert, 4th Duke of Chaulnes (2 December 1676 - 9 November 1744) was a French nobleman and Peer and 4th Duke of Chaulnes. He was created a Marshal of France in 1741 by King Louis XV. He was the subject of a 1707 portrait by Hyac ...

(1676–1744), Duke of Chaulnes, became marshal of France (1741). He was a younger son of Charles Honoré d'Albert, 3rd Duke of Luynes. * Louis Joseph d'Albert de Luynes (1670–1750), 3rd Prince of Grimberghen: married to Magdeleine Marie de Berghes. He was in the service of the Emperor Charles VII, and became field-marshal and ambassador in France. He was a younger son of

Louis Charles d'Albert, 2nd Duke of Luynes Louis Charles d'Albert, 2nd Duke of Luynes (25 December 1620 – 10 October 1690), was a French nobleman and peer of France. He was a translator and moralist who was the first translator of the work of René Descartes. Early life Louis-Charles d ...

from the Duke's second marriage to Princess Anne de Rohan-Montbazon. Several members of the family of Albert were distinguished in letters and science, including Louis Charles d'Albert, 2nd Duke of Luynes, who was an

ascetic Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures through self-discipline, self-imposed poverty, and simple living, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their pra ...

writer and friend of the

Jansenist Jansenism was a 17th- and 18th-century theological movement within Roman Catholicism, primarily active in France, which arose as an attempt to reconcile the theological concepts of free will and divine grace in response to certain development ...

s, and Honoré Theodore d'Albert, 8th Duke of Luynes, who was a writer on archaeology. Others include: *

Paul d'Albert de Luynes Paul d'Albert (; 5 January 1703 – 21 January 1788) was a French prelate. He was elected the seventh occupant of Académie française seat 29 in 1743. Early life Paul d'Albert was born on 5 January 1703 in the city of Versailles, where his fam ...

(1703–1788),

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...

and

Archbishop of Sens The Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis''; French language, French: ''Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre'') is a Latin Church, Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. The archdiocese co ...

; an astronomer. He was a son of

Honoré Charles d'Albert de Luynes Honoré is a name of French origin and may refer to several people or places: Given name Sovereigns of Monaco Lords of Monaco * Honoré I of Monaco Princes of Monaco * Honoré II of Monaco * Honoré III of Monaco * Honoré IV of Monaco * Honor� ...

, Duke of Montfort and Chevreuse, and younger brother of

Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes Charles Philippe d'Albert, 4th Duke of Luynes (30 July 1695 – 2 November 1758) held the title Duke of Luynes from 1712 to 1758. He wrote an important memoir of life at the court of Louis XV. Early life Charles-Philippe was a grandson of ...

, 4th Duke of Luynes. *

Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly Michel Ferdinand d'Albert, 5th Duke of Chaulnes (31 December 1714 – 23 September 1769), Duke of Picquigny and then Duke of Chaulnes from 1744, was a French astronomer, physicist and freemason. Early life Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly was t ...

(1714–1769), Duke of Chaulnes and

Picquigny Picquigny () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography Picquigny is situated at the junction of the N235, the D141 and D3 roads, on the banks of the river Somme, some northwest (and downstream) o ...

; a writer on mathematical instruments. He was a son of Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly, 4th Duke of Chaulnes. *

Louis Joseph d'Albert d'Ailly Louis Joseph d'Albert, 6th Duke of Chaulnes (1741–1792), sixth Duke of Chaulnes and son of Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly, was a chemist and French aristocrat. Biography At the death of his father in 1769, Louis Joseph inherited the tit ...

(1741–1793), Duke of Chaulnes and

; a chemist who was elected a

Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural science, natural knowledge, incl ...

in London in 1764. He was a son of Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes and Picquigny.

List of dukes of Luynes

List of dukes of Luynes since 1619:

References

;Notes ;Sources

History

Other notable family members

List of dukes of Luynes

See also

References

Further reading