The Doktoringenieur or Doktor-Ingenieur (acronym Dr.-Ing., also ''Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften'') is the
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany, the country of the Germans and German things
**Germania (Roman era)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
engineering
Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to Problem solving#Engineering, solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve Systems engineering, s ...
doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...
degree, comparable to the
Doctor of Engineering
The Doctor of Engineering (DEng or EngD) or Doctor of Engineering Sciences is a research doctorate in engineering and applied science. An EngD is a terminal degree similar to a PhD in engineering but applicable more in industry rather than in ac ...
,
Engineering Doctorate
Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfiel ...
,
Doctor of Science (Engineering),
Doctor of Science (Technology) or a
PhD
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...
in Engineering or Architecture.
It was first introduced in 1899, in the context of the centenary of the
Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin), at the
Prussia
Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
n
Technische Hochschule
A ''Technische Hochschule'' (, plural: ''Technische Hochschulen'', abbreviated ''TH'') is a type of university focusing on engineering sciences in Germany. Previously, it also existed in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands (), and Finland (, ) ...
. The other German states adopted it in the following years. In contrast to the other historic doctoral degrees (e.g. ''Dr. phil.'', ''Dr. iur.'' or ''Dr. med.''), the Doktoringenieur was not titled in Latin but German, and therefore written with dash (Dr.-Ing.).
In the field of mathematics, computer science and natural sciences, some universities offer the choice between ''Dr.-Ing.'' and ''Dr. rer. nat.'' based on the primary focus of the dissertation. If the contributions focus slightly more on applied scientific engineering a ''Dr.-Ing.'' is given, while a ''Dr. rer. nat.'' is preferred if the dissertation contains more theoretical scientific contributions.
A
German doctorate is usually a research doctorate and is awarded in the context of the so-called
Promotion that also requires a dissertation.
It should not be confused with a
Dutch double title ''dr. ing.'', indicating that one holds both a
research doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...
(dr.) from a university and an
engineer's degree
An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering which is conferred in Europe, some countries of Asia and Latin America, North Africa and a few institutions in the United States. The degree may require a thesis but always require ...
(ing.) from a
Dutch polytechnic (i.e.
Hogeschool
Hogeschool is a Dutch word that refers to a certain type of institution of higher education.
* After 1986 in the Netherlands, currently to be translated as Vocational university#Netherlands, university of applied sciences.
* Before 1986 in the Net ...
).
See also
*
Dr. rer. nat.
for, la, Doctor rerum naturalium, Doctor of Natural Sciences, paren=left, ), abbreviated Dr. rer. nat., is a doctoral academic degree awarded by universities in some European countries (e.g. Germany, Austria and Czech Republic) to graduates in phy ...
References
{{reflist
Doctoral degrees
Engineering education
Architectural education