Differential may refer to:

Mathematics

Differential (mathematics) In mathematics, differential refers to several related notions derived from the early days of calculus, put on a rigorous footing, such as infinitesimal differences and the derivatives of functions. The term is used in various branches of mathe ...

comprises multiple related meanings of the word, both in calculus and differential geometry, such as an infinitesimal change in the value of a function *

Differential algebra In mathematics, differential rings, differential fields, and differential algebras are rings, fields, and algebras equipped with finitely many derivations, which are unary functions that are linear and satisfy the Leibniz product rule. A ...

* Differential calculus **

Differential of a function In calculus, the differential represents the principal part of the change in a function ''y'' = ''f''(''x'') with respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential ''dy'' is defined by :dy = f'(x)\,dx, where f'(x) is t ...

, represents a change in the linearization of a function ***

Total differential In calculus, the differential represents the principal part of the change in a function ''y'' = ''f''(''x'') with respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential ''dy'' is defined by :dy = f'(x)\,dx, where f'(x) is t ...

is its generalization for functions of multiple variables **

Differential (infinitesimal) In mathematics, differential refers to several related notions derived from the early days of calculus, put on a rigorous footing, such as infinitesimal differences and the derivatives of functions. The term is used in various branches of mathema ...

(e.g. ''dx'', ''dy'', ''dt'' etc.) are interpreted as infinitesimals **

Differential topology In mathematics, differential topology is the field dealing with the topological properties and smooth properties of smooth manifolds. In this sense differential topology is distinct from the closely related field of differential geometry, which ...

* Differential (pushforward) The total derivative of a map between manifolds. * Differential exponent, an exponent in the factorisation of the

different ideal In algebraic number theory, the different ideal (sometimes simply the different) is defined to measure the (possible) lack of duality in the ring of integers of an algebraic number field ''K'', with respect to the field trace. It then encodes the ...

* Differential geometry, exterior differential, or

exterior derivative On a differentiable manifold, the exterior derivative extends the concept of the differential of a function to differential forms of higher degree. The exterior derivative was first described in its current form by Élie Cartan in 1899. The res ...

, is a generalization to

differential form In mathematics, differential forms provide a unified approach to define integrands over curves, surfaces, solids, and higher-dimensional manifolds. The modern notion of differential forms was pioneered by Élie Cartan. It has many application ...

s of the notion of differential of a function on a differentiable manifold * Differential (coboundary), in homological algebra and algebraic topology, one of the maps of a cochain complex *

Differential cryptanalysis Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information input can af ...

, a pair consisting of the difference, usually computed by XOR, between two plaintexts, and the difference of the corresponding ciphertexts

Science and technology

* Differential (mechanical device), as part of a powertrain and car, the device that allows each of the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds **

Limited-slip differential A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of differential that allows its two output shafts to rotate at different speeds but limits the maximum difference between the two shafts. Limited-slip differentials are often known by the generic tr ...

Differential steering Differential steering is the means of steering a land vehicle by applying more drive torque to one side of the vehicle than the other. Differential steering is the primary means of steering tracked vehicles, such as tanks and bulldozers, is al ...

, the steering method used by tanks and similar tracked vehicles * Electronic differential, an electric motor controller which substitutes its mechanical counterpart with significant advantages in electric vehicle application *

Differential signaling Differential signalling is a method for electrically transmitting information using two complementary signals. The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conduc ...

, in electronics, applies to a method of transmitting electronic signals over a pair of wires to reduce interference *

Differential amplifier A differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. It is an analog circuit with two inputs V_\text^- and V_\text^+ and one outpu ...

Electronic amplifier An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the magnitude of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current). It may increase the power significantly, or its main effect may be to boost the ...

that amplifies signals.

Social sciences

Semantic Semantics (from grc, σημαντικός ''sēmantikós'', "significant") is the study of reference, meaning, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics and comput ...

and structural differentials in psychology * Quality spread differential, in finance *

Compensating differential Wage differential is a term used in labour economics to analyze the relation between the wage rate and the unpleasantness, risk, or other undesirable attributes of a particular job. A compensating differential, which is also called a compensating ...

, in labor economics

Medicine

* Differential diagnosis, the characterization of the underlying cause of pathological states based on specific tests *

White blood cell differential A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures t ...

, the enumeration of each type of white blood cell either manually or using automated analyzers

Other

* Differential hardening, in metallurgy * Differential rotation, in astronomy * Differential centrifugation, in cell biology * Differential scanning calorimetry, in materials science *

Differential signalling Differential signalling is a method for electrically transmitting information using two complementary signals. The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conducto ...

, in communications *

Differential GPS Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPSs) supplement and enhance the positional data available from global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). A DGPS for GPS can increase accuracy by about a thousandfold, from approximately to . DGPSs ...

, in satellite navigation technology * Differential interferometry in radar * ''Differential'', an extended play by The Sixth Lie * ''Handicap differential'', part of the calculation used in producing golf handicaps

Mathematics

Science and technology

Social sciences

Medicine

Other

See also