Deliatyn (, ; ), is a

rural settlement The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. ...

Nadvirna Raion Nadvirna Raion () is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region). The town of Nadvirna is the administrative center of the raion. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of I ...

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna () or simply Frankivshchyna, is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a pop ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. It is located west of

Chernivtsi Chernivtsi (, ; , ;, , see also #Names, other names) is a city in southwestern Ukraine on the upper course of the Prut River. Formerly the capital of the historic region of Bukovina, which is now divided between Romania and Ukraine, Chernivt ...

and west-southwest of

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

.Shtetl Delatyn
/ref> Together with

Yaremche Yaremche (, ; or ) is a city in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) of west Ukraine. The city is located at the altitude of around above mean sea level. Yaremche hosts the administration of Yaremche urban hromada, one of the hro ...

and Lanchyn it is part of a small agglomeration that runs along the

Prut River The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , ) is a river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube, and is long. Part of its course forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine. Characteristics The Prut originates on the eas ...

valley between the

Carpathian Mountains The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinav ...

. Deliatyn hosts the administration of Deliatyn settlement hromada, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine. The population is Deliatyn is first mentioned in documents on

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

1400 Year 1400 ( MCD) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The year 1400 was not a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar, it was a common year starting on Wednesday. Events January–March * January 4 ...

. In 1554 Deliatyn received the status of a city, and from 1579 the status of a city with

Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights (, , ; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages gr ...

. The economic basis for the development of Deliatyn was the extraction of

salt In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as r ...

and salt production. In 1940 it received the status of an

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...

,Deliatin // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. volume 3. Kyiv, "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia", 1980. p. 297 and on November 13, 1940, it entered the .Deliatin // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / Red coll., ch. ed. B. A. Vvedenskyi. 2nd edition volume 13. M., State scientific publishing house "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1952. p.647 From December 30, 1962, it was part of the Bohorodchany Raion, but Deliatyn was assigned to the

.Делятін // Українська Радянська Енциклопедія. том 3. Київ, "Українська Радянська енциклопедія", 1980. стор.297 On August 17, 2017, it became the center of the Deliatyn settlement hromada.

Name

The name of the town had different forms over the centuries: Daliatyn (1400—1440), Deliatyn (1440—1960, 1990), Diliatyn' (1961— October 2, 1989). It is believed that the name comes from the names of the legendary founders of the town: Dalia (or Dylia) and Tyna. The Latin word "delatum" meant the place where products were brought to the auction.

History

Deliatyn became part of the

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

(together with

Red Ruthenia Red Ruthenia, also called Red Rus or Red Russia, is a term used since the Middle Ages for the south-western principalities of Kievan Rus', namely the Principality of Peremyshl and the Duchy of Belz, Principality of Belz. It is closely related to ...

) in the 14th century under King

Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great (; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, retaining the title throughout the Galicia–Volhynia Wars. He was the last Polish king fr ...

. In 1772, it was seized by the

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...

together with the province of Galicia in the

First Partition of Poland The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia an ...

. In 1893, Austrian Deliatyn experienced a cholera outbreak amid poor conditions within the town. After

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

and the

dissolution of Austria-Hungary The dissolution of Austria-Hungary was a major political event that occurred as a result of the growth of internal social contradictions and the separation of different parts of Austria-Hungary. The more immediate reasons for the collapse of the ...

, Deliatyn was captured by Polish troops, after the

Polish–Soviet War The Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, following World War I and the Russian Revolution. After the collapse ...

it remained a part of the

Stanisławów Voivodeship Stanisławów Voivodeship () was an administrative district of the interwar Poland (1920–1939). It was established in December 1920 with an administrative center in Stanisławów. The voivodeship had an area of 16,900 km2 and comprised twe ...

of the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...

. Located in the picturesque area, it was a popular

spa A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to pre ...

, with around 1,000 visitors yearly (in the late 1920s). Делятин (ринок).jpg, Delatyn in the 1910s Delatyn, ogolny widok. ca 1930 (627194) (cropped).jpg, Archival views of Delatyn, ca 1930 Delatyn, ratusz. 1927 (628488) (cropped).jpg, City Hall, 1927 Delatyn, ulica glowna 1939 (628471) (cropped).jpg, Main street, 1939 Delatyn, dworzec kolejowy. ca 1930 (631114) (cropped).jpg, Railway station, circa 1930 Delatyn, szkola powszechna. ante 1939 (631087) (cropped).jpg, Primary school, before 1939 Delatyn, zaklad kapielowy 1929 (643827) (cropped).jpg, Bathing establishment, 1929 Delatyn, c. k. sad powiatowy 1914 (652889) (cropped).jpg, County court, 1914 Delatyn, wiadukt na Lubiznej 1927 (652079) (cropped).jpg, Viaduct, 1927

World War II

Following the joint German-Soviet

invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...

, which started

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

in September 1939, the village was occupied and annexed by the USSR until 1941, then occupied by Germany until 1944, and re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which annexed it from Poland in 1945. During the Soviet times, Deliatyn was famous by the Kovpak's Oak, which symbolizes the uncompromised hatred of Ukrainians towards Nazi Germany. On January 17, 1940, was separated from . In 1940 it received the status of an

,Deliatin // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. volume 3. Kyiv, "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia", 1980. p. 297 and on November 13, 1940, Deliatyn Raion was liquidated and entered the .Deliatin // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / Red coll., ch. ed. B. A. Vvedenskyi. 2nd edition volume 13. M., State scientific publishing house "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1952. p.647 From December 30, 1962, it was part of the Bohorodchany Raion, but Deliatyn was assigned to the

.Делятін // Українська Радянська Енциклопедія. том 3. Київ, "Українська Радянська енциклопедія", 1980. стор.297 Delatyn was home to a Jewish community until autumn 1941. German archives record mass executions of Jews in the town, carried out by an

Einsatzgruppen (, ; also 'task forces') were (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe. The had an integral role in the imp ...

. On 16 October 1941, the SS, accompanied by the Ukrainian militia and Hungarian Border Guards units shot 1,950 Jews in a forest. emberg Mosaic, Jakob Weiss, Alderbrook Press (2010)Later, around 200 Jews were killed in the cemetery. During spring 1942, 3,000 Jews were shot. The remaining 2,000 Jews were deported from Deliatyn to the Bełżec extermination camp at the end of 1942. According to the archives, there was no ghetto in Deliatyn, although according to a witness there was one in the center, surrounded with a fence.

Independent Ukraine

On 17 August 2017 Deliatyn settlement hromada was formed by merging the urban

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

of Deliatyn Settlement Council and the rural municipalities of Zarichchia, , and of

Russo-Ukrainian War

On 19 March 2022 during the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

, Russian Armed Forces the Kinzhal hypersonic missiles for the first time in world combat history to target a military storage site in Deliatyn. On April 28, 2022, the executive committee of the Deliatyn settlement council, as part of

derussification Derussification (or derussianization) is a process or public policy in different states of the former Russian Empire and the Soviet Union or certain parts of them, aimed at restoring national identity of indigenous peoples: their language, culture ...

and

decommunization Decommunization in former communist states is the process of purging former communist high officials and eliminating communist symbols. It is sometimes referred to as political cleansing. Although the term has been occasionally used during t ...

in Ukraine, decided to dismantle monuments-busts and memorial signs on the territory of the hromada, including a bust of the Russian poet

Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is consid ...

on the territory of Deliatyn Lyceum No. 3 and a memorial plaque to Soviet soldiers. Until 26 January 2024, Deliatyn was designated

. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Deliatyn became a rural settlement.

Documentary film

The 1992 documentary film ''Return to My Shtetl Delatyn'' depicts filmmaker Willy Lindwer's travels with his father Berl Nuchim and his daughter Michal to Delatyn to "retrace the route his father had taken six decades earlier, escaping from the Nazis and to see how the area and its inhabitants had changed."

Delatynite

Delatynite is a variety of

amber Amber is fossilized tree resin. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since antiquity."Amber" (2004). In Maxine N. Lurie and Marc Mappen (eds.) ''Encyclopedia ...

found in Deliatyn.

References

Notes

Sources

Website of the Nadvirna district council
{{Authority control Populated places on the Prut Rural settlements in Nadvirna Raion Holocaust locations in Ukraine Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine