The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), managed by the

National Geodetic Survey The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is a List of federal agencies in the United States, United States federal agency based in Washington, D.C. that defines and manages a national geographic coordinate system, coordinate system, providing the fou ...

(NGS), is a coordinate system that includes

latitude In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate system, geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from −90° at t ...

longitude Longitude (, ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east- west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek lett ...

, elevation, and other values. The NSRS consists of a National Shoreline, the NOAA CORS Network (a system of Global Positioning System

Continuously Operating Reference Station Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) is the application of surveying to correct for common errors in current satellite navigation (GNSS) systems. It uses measurements of the phase of the signal's carrier wave in addition to the information con ...

s), a network of permanently marked points, and a set of models that describe dynamic geophysical processes affecting spatial measurements. The system is based on the datums

NAD 83 The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum now used to define the geodetic network in North America. A datum is a formal description of the shape of the Earth along with an "anchor" point for the coordinate system. In surveying, c ...

and

NAVD 88 The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) is the vertical datum for orthometric heights established for vertical control surveying in the United States based upon the General Adjustment of the North American Datum of 1988. It supers ...

. In 2025 or 2026, the NSRS will be modernized with a focus on

Global Navigation Satellite Systems A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning. A satellite navigation system with global coverage is termed global navigation satellite system (GNSS). , four global systems are op ...

(GNSS) and

geoid The geoid ( ) is the shape that the ocean surface would take under the influence of the gravity of Earth, including gravitational attraction and Earth's rotation, if other influences such as winds and tides were absent. This surface is exte ...

use. It will use the following four frames of reference, each representing a

tectonic plate Plate tectonics (, ) is the scientific theory that the Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of , an idea developed durin ...

: *North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022) *Pacific Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (PTRF2022) *Caribbean Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (CTRF2022) *Mariana Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (MTRF2022)

Datum of 2022

The North American-Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022 (NAPGD2022) is a new

geodetic datum A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the positi ...

set to be produced by the U.S.

in 2025 or 2026 to improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS). It will replace the

North American Datum of 1983 The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum now used to define the geodetic network in North America. A datum is a formal description of the shape of the Earth along with an "anchor" point for the coordinate system. In surveying, car ...

(NAD 83) and the

North American Vertical Datum of 1988 The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) is the vertical datum for orthometric heights established for vertical control surveying in the United States based upon the General Adjustment of the North American Datum of 1988. It superse ...

(NAVD 88) with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum. In association with this release, a new, time-dependent geoid model, GEOID2022, will also be released. The release date for both of these was initially planned to be 2022, hence the names, although they have been delayed. The new reference frames will rely primarily on GNSS, such as the

Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based hyperbolic navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide ge ...

(GPS), as well as on a

gravimetric geoid The geoid ( ) is the shape that the ocean surface would take under the influence of the gravity of Earth, including gravitational attraction and Earth's rotation, if other influences such as winds and tides were absent. This surface is exten ...

model resulting from NGS' Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum ( GRAV-D) Project. These new reference frames are intended be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.

References

''Attribution'': contains public domain material copied fro
ngs.noaa.gov

External links

* * * * * Geodesy

{{geodesy-stub

Datum of 2022

See also

References

External links