telecommunications Telecommunication, often used in its plural form or abbreviated as telecom, is the transmission of information over a distance using electronic means, typically through cables, radio waves, or other communication technologies. These means of ...

, data transfer rate is the average number of bits ( bitrate), characters or symbols ( baudrate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system. Common data rate units are multiples of

bits per second In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable ''R'') is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction ...

(bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).

Standards for unit symbols and prefixes

Unit symbol

The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are ''bit'' and ''B'', respectively. In the context of data-rate units, one byte consists of 8 bits, and is synonymous with the unit octet. The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a ''1 Mbps'' connection is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s (one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s ( megabyte per second), or about 0.1192 MiB/s ( mebibyte per second). The

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) public charity professional organization for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and other related disciplines. The IEEE has a corporate office ...

(IEEE) uses the symbol b for bit.

Unit prefixes

In both the SI and ISQ, the prefix k stands for kilo, meaning 1000, while Ki is the symbol for the

binary prefix A binary prefix is a unit prefix that indicates a multiple of a unit of measurement by an integer power of two. The most commonly used binary prefixes are kibi (symbol Ki, meaning ), mebi (), and gibi (). They are most often used in inform ...

kibi-, meaning 1024. The binary prefixes were introduced in 1998 by the

International Electrotechnical Commission The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; ) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronics, electronic and related technologies. IEC standards cover a va ...

(IEC) and in IEEE 1541-2002 which was reaffirmed on 27 March 2008. The letter K is often used as a non-standard abbreviation for 1,024, especially in "KB" to mean KiB, the kilobyte in its binary sense. In the context of data rates, however, typically only decimal prefixes are used, and they have their standard SI interpretation.

Variations

In 1999, the IEC published Amendment 2 to " IEC 60027-2: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics". This standard, approved in 1998, introduced the prefixes kibi-, mebi-, gibi-, tebi-, pebi-, and exbi- to be used in specifying binary multiples of a quantity. The name is derived from the first two letters of the original SI prefixes followed by bi (short for ''binary''). It also clarifies that the SI prefixes are used only to mean powers of 10 and never powers of 2.

Decimal multiples of bits

These units are often used in a manner inconsistent with the IEC standard.

Kilobit per second

Kilobit per second (symbol kbit/s or kb/s, often abbreviated "kbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 1,000 bits per second * 125 bytes per second

Megabit per second

Megabit per second (symbol Mbit/s or Mb/s, often abbreviated "Mbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 1,000 kilobits per second * 1,000,000 bits per second * 125,000 bytes per second * 125 kilobytes per second

Gigabit per second

Gigabit per second (symbol Gbit/s or Gb/s, often abbreviated "Gbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 1,000 megabits per second * 1,000,000 kilobits per second * 1,000,000,000 bits per second * 125,000,000 bytes per second * 125 megabytes per second

Terabit per second

Terabit per second (symbol Tbit/s or Tb/s, sometimes abbreviated "Tbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 1,000 gigabits per second * 1,000,000 megabits per second * 1,000,000,000 kilobits per second * 1,000,000,000,000 bits per second * 125,000,000,000 bytes per second * 125 gigabytes per second

Petabit per second

Petabit per second (symbol Pbit/s or Pb/s, sometimes abbreviated "Pbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 1,000 terabits per second * 1,000,000 gigabits per second * 1,000,000,000 megabits per second * 1,000,000,000,000 kilobits per second * 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits per second * 125,000,000,000,000 bytes per second * 125 terabytes per second

Decimal multiples of bytes

These units are often not used in the suggested ways; see .

Kilobyte per second

kilobyte per second (kB/s) (sometimes abbreviated "kBps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 8,000 bits per second * 1,000 bytes per second * 8 kilobits per second

Megabyte per second

megabyte per second (MB/s) (can be abbreviated as MBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 8,000,000 bits per second * 1,000,000 bytes per second * 1,000 kilobytes per second * 8 megabits per second

Gigabyte per second

gigabyte per second (GB/s) (can be abbreviated as GBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 8,000,000,000 bits per second * 1,000,000,000 bytes per second * 1,000,000 kilobytes per second * 1,000 megabytes per second * 8 gigabits per second

Terabyte per second

terabyte per second (TB/s) (can be abbreviated as TBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to: * 8,000,000,000,000 bits per second * 1,000,000,000,000 bytes per second * 1,000,000,000 kilobytes per second * 1,000,000 megabytes per second * 1,000 gigabytes per second * 8 terabits per second

Conversion table

Examples of bit rates

Notes

References

* International Electrotechnical Commission (2007).
Prefixes for binary multiples
(archived). Retrieved on 2007-05-06.

lacks table but now references IEC 80000-13:2008 rather than IEC 60027-2.
IEC 60027-2 "Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics+
*

Donald Knuth Donald Ervin Knuth ( ; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He is the 1974 recipient of the ACM Turing Award, informally considered the Nobel Prize of comp ...

"What is a kilobyte?"

External links

Valid8 Data Rate Calculator
{{DEFAULTSORT:Data Rate Units Data transmission Units of flow Units of information Units of temporal rate