Data-oriented parsing (DOP, also data-oriented processing) is a

probabilistic Probability is a branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an e ...

model A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin , . Models can be divided in ...

computational linguistics Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics ...

. DOP was conceived by Remko Scha in 1990 with the aim of developing a

performance A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function. Performance has evolved glo ...

-oriented grammar framework. Unlike other probabilistic models, DOP takes into account all subtrees contained in a

treebank In linguistics, a treebank is a parsed text corpus that annotates syntactic or semantic sentence structure. The construction of parsed corpora in the early 1990s revolutionized computational linguistics, which benefitted from large-scale empi ...

rather than being restricted to, for example, 2-level subtrees (like PCFGs), thus allowing for more context-sensitive information. Several variants of DOP have been developed. The initial version developed by Rens Bod in 1992 was based on tree-substitution grammar,R. Bod, A computational model of language performance: Data oriented parsing, in: COLING 1992 Volume 3: The 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C92-3126.pdf while more recently, DOP has been combined with

lexical-functional grammar Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. It posits several parallel levels of syntactic structure, including a phrase structure grammar representation of word order and constituency, and ...

(LFG). The resulting DOP-LFG finds an application in

machine translation Machine translation is use of computational techniques to translate text or speech from one language to another, including the contextual, idiomatic and pragmatic nuances of both languages. Early approaches were mostly rule-based or statisti ...

. Other work on learning and

parameter estimation Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component. The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value ...

for DOP has also found its way into machine translation.

References

External links

Remko Scha Research on DOP Khalil Sima'an: Learning DOP models from treebanks; Computational Complexity
* Andy Way (1999). A hybrid architecture for robust MT using LFG-DOP.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence The ''Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Taylor and Francis. It covers all aspects of artificial intelligence and was established in 1989. The editor-in-chi ...

11(3):441–471. {{comp-ling-stub Grammar frameworks Natural language parsing