The D Grubu (English: ''Group D'') is an artist collective founded in Istanbul, Turkey in 1933 by five painters (

Zeki Faik İzer Zeki as Turkish masculine name and may refer to: * Zeki Akar (born 1944), Turkish judge * Zeki Alasya (1943-2015), Turkish actor * Zeki Demir (born 1982), Turkish karateka * Zeki Demirkubuz (born 1964), Turkish film director * Zeki Gülay (born 197 ...

Nurullah Berk Nurullah Berk (March 22, 1906 – January 9, 1982) was a Turkish painter, writer and an academician who pioneered cubism and constructivism in Turkey. After finishing Galatasaray High School he attended Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi, today Mimar Sinan ...

Elif Naci Elif Naci Kalpakçıoğlu (1898 – 8 May 1987), best known as Elif Naci, was a Turkish painter, curator, journalist and writer. Early life Elif Naci was born in Gelibolu, Çanakkale, Ottoman Empire in 1898. He completed his primary education in ...

, Cemal Tollu,

Abidin Dino Abidin Dino (23 March 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a Turkish artist and a well-known painter. Early years Dino was born on 23 March 1913 in Istanbul into an art-loving family. He was grandchild of Abidin Pasha Dino (he is named after him), an ...

) and one sculptor (

Zühtü Müridoğlu Zühtü Müridoğlu (26 January 1906 – 21 August 1992) was a Turkish people, Turkish sculptor and one of the first sculptors of the Republican generation. He attended the Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi, and was a student of İhsan Özsoy, there from ...

). The group is considered Turkey's first contemporary art movement.

1930's

The group is the fourth fine arts collective established in Turkey after the

Ottoman Painters Society Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire 1299–1922 ** Ottoman dynasty, ruling family of the Ottoman Em ...

(),

Fine Arts Union The Fine Arts Union (Turkish: ''Güzel Sanatlar Birliği'') is an organisation founded by Istanbul, İstanbul artists in 1909. In addition to the Architecture branch other branches were also available. Hassa Architects Association, which means Arc ...

(''Güzel Sanatlar Birliği''/''Sanayi Nefise Birliği''), and

Independent Painters and Sculptors Association Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in Pennsylvania, United States * Independentes (English: Independents), a Portuguese artist ...

(''Müstakil Ressamlar ve Heykeltıraşlar Birliği''). Getting the idea from this,

recommended that they call themselves after the fourth letter of the alphabet, "D". Artist

Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu (1911 – 21 September 1975) was a Turkish people, Turkish Painting, painter, mosaic-maker, muralist, writer and poet. His art work was inspired by Anatolian village scenes and folk literature, and included traditional ha ...

and his wife

Eren Eyüboğlu Eren Eyüboğlu (née Ernestine Leibovici; 1913–1988) was a Romanian-born Turkish painter, ceramicist, and mosaic artist. She is considered one of the forerunners of modernism in Turkey. Biography Ernestine Leibovici was born on 5 February 1 ...

participated D Grubu art exhibitions starting in 1936. From an artistic perspective, their aims were to reject

Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

, and inspired by

Cubist Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement which began in Paris. It revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture. Cubist subjects are analyzed, broke ...

and Constructivist to establish a strong basis for patterns.

References

Turkish artist groups and collectives 1933 in Turkey {{art-org-stub