TYRO
protein tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.
Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger clas ...
-binding protein is an adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TYROBP''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
This gene encodes a transmembrane signaling polypeptide which contains an
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif An immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) is a conserved sequence of four amino acids that is repeated twice in the cytoplasmic tails of non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors, cell-surface proteins found mainly on immune cel ...
(ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain. The encoded protein may associate with the
killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma membrane of natural killer (NK) cells and a minority of T cells. At least 15 genes and 2 pseudogenes encoding KIR map in ...
(KIR) family of membrane glycoproteins and may act as an activating
signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular ...
element. This protein may bind zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 kDa (
ZAP-70
ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70) is a protein normally expressed near the surface membrane of lymphocytes (T cells, natural killer cells, and a subset of B cells). It is most prominently known to be recruited upon antigen binding ...
) and
spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and play a role in signal transduction,
bone modeling
Bone remodeling (or bone metabolism) is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called ''bone resorption'') and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ''ossification'' or ''new bone formation''). T ...
, brain
myelination
Myelin is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons (the nervous system's "wires") to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) are passed along the axon. The myelinated axon can be l ...
, and
inflammation
Inflammation (from la, wikt:en:inflammatio#Latin, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or Irritation, irritants, and is a protective response involving im ...
. Mutations within this gene have been associated with
(PLOSL), also known as Nasu-Hakola disease. Its putative receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (
TREM2
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TREM2'' gene. TREM2 is expressed on macrophages, immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and microglia, which are immune cells ...
), also causes PLOSL. Two alternative transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined.
Interactions
TYROBP has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizat ...
with
SIRPB1.
References
External links
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Polycystic Lipomembranous Osteodysplasia with Sclerosing Leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL)
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
{{gene-19-stub