''Columbia Rediviva'' (commonly known as ''Columbia'') was a privately owned American

ship A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished ...

under the command, first, of John Kendrick, and later Captain Robert Gray, best known for going to the

Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (sometimes Cascadia, or simply abbreviated as PNW) is a geographic region in western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Tho ...

for the maritime fur trade. "Rediviva" (''Latin'' "revived") was added to her name upon a rebuilding in 1787. Since ''Columbia'' was privately owned, she did not carry the prefix designation " USS".

History

Early authorities claim the ship was built in 1773 by James Briggs at Hobart's Landing on North River, in

Norwell, Massachusetts Norwell is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,351 at the 2020 United States census. The town's southeastern border runs along the North River. History Norwell was first settled in 1634 as a part of ...

and named ''Columbia''. Later historians say she was built in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1787. In 1790 she became the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe. During the first part of this voyage, she was accompanied by ''

Lady Washington ''Lady Washington'' is a ship name shared by at least four different 80-100 ton-class Sloop-of-war and merchant sailing vessels during two different time periods. The original sailed during the American Revolutionary War and harassed British shi ...

'' which served as tender for ''Columbia''. In 1792 Captain Gray entered the Columbia River and named it after the ship. The river and its basin, in turn, lent its name to the surrounding region, and subsequently to the British colony and Canadian province located in part of this region. The ship was decommissioned and salvaged in 1806. A replica of ''Lady Washington'' is homeported at Grays Harbor Historical Seaport in Aberdeen, Washington.

Officers

Simeon Woodruff Simeon () is a given name, from the Hebrew (Biblical ''Šimʿon'', Tiberian ''Šimʿôn''), usually transliterated as Shimon. In Greek it is written Συμεών, hence the Latinized spelling Symeon. Meaning The name is derived from Simeon, son ...

, under the command of Kendrick, served as first mate from September to November 1787. A former gunner's mate during the final voyage of Captain James Cook, R.N., was the only man in the entire Columbia Expedition leaving Boston on the first voyage to have been to the Pacific. *

Joseph Ingraham Joseph Ingraham (1762–1800) was an American sailor and maritime fur trader who discovered several islands of the Marquesas Islands while on his way to trade along the west coast of North America. He was also a prisoner in the American Revolutio ...

, first mate under the command of Kendrick. In 1790 he was captain of , which competed with ''Columbia'' in the fur trade. * Robert Haswell, first mate under the command of Gray in 1791–93 during the second voyage to the Pacific Northwest. *

John Kendrick Jr John Kendrick Jr. (born before April 1772), also known as Juan Kendrick, was the eldest son of John Kendrick (American sea captain), John Kendrick, the Americans, American sea captain who commanded the first United States expedition to the Pacific ...

, served as an officer under the command of his father, John Kendrick, during the first voyage. In 1789 at Nootka Sound left to join the

Spanish Navy The Spanish Navy or officially, the Armada, is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world. The Spanish Navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation, ...

Legacy

* In 1958, a full-scale replica of the ship opened as an attraction, named " Sailing Ship ''Columbia''", in Frontierland at Walt Disney's Magic Kingdom of

Disneyland Disneyland is a theme park in Anaheim, California. Opened in 1955, it was the first theme park opened by The Walt Disney Company and the only one designed and constructed under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. Disney initially envision ...

, and the three-masted vessel continues to ply the Rivers of America there most days of the year. Contained within the hull is "Below Decks", which is an exhibit of nautical artifacts from the 18th Century that passengers can visit while on board. * In July 1969, the name was used for the

Apollo 11 Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, ...

Command Module ''Columbia'', the mission which landed humans on the Moon for the first time. * In 1981, the name was re-used for the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' by

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...

.NASA: Space Shuttle Overview: ''Columbia''
/ref>

References

External links

''Columbia Rediviva''

Hit and Run History: The Columbia Expedition
{{Oregon Early History Ships built in Massachusetts Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States Pre-statehood history of Oregon Fur trade Exploration ships Plymouth, Massachusetts Expeditions from the United States History of the United States Pre-Confederation British Columbia 1773 ships

History

Officers

Legacy

References

Further reading

External links