Collegio di Spagna

The Collegio di Spagna (Royal Spanish College or Royal College of Spain in Bologna) (officially ''Real Colegio Mayor de San Clemente de los Españoles'') is a college for Spanish students at the University of Bologna, Italy, which has been functioning since the 14th century. Its full original name in English translation was the ''College of Saint Clement of the Spaniards''."The Spanish College At Bologna. Historic Memories", ''The Times'', Monday, Nov 26, 1923; pg. 13; Issue 43508; col D It has been under the Royal patronage of the Spanish Crown since 1488, as authorized by Pope Innocent VIII.

History

The college was founded in 1364 by the Cardinal Gil Alvarez De Albornoz (1310–1367) and built in 1365–1367. The Collegio was the model for the colleges founded at the University of Salamanca, starting in the late 14th century (notably the Colegio Viejo, 1401) and at other Spanish universities in the following couple of centuries. Since 1488, all Spanish monarchs have reconfirmed its Royal patronage. It is arguably the oldest institution carrying the name ''Spanish'' outside of Spain, predating the union of the crowns that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Spain.

In 1923, a correspondent for ''The Times'', who calls the college a "picturesque Spanish oasis in the centre of old Bologna", reports of the visit of the King and Queen of Spain to the college. King Alfonso participated in the unveiling of a tablet recording the visit of the royal couple and another one noting the name of two famous former students of the College, Ignatius of Loyola and Miguel de Cervantes.

Art and architecture

It consists of a building in two floors with arcades surrounding a courtyard. The exterior has later been partly remodelled in renaissance style. The architecture of the Collegio is peculiarly Italian in the use of the loggia, but shares a characteristic of medieval college buildings in England and France, in being arranged around a central rectangular court. Bas reliefs of the coat of arms of Spain are located above the two main entryways.

The portico once had frescoes by Annibale Carracci, but a travellers guide published in 1857 reported them having "almost disappeared". The guidebook goes on to describe two frescoes by Bartolommeo Bagnacavallo:

The book also mentions artwork in the chapel: "some frescoes by C. Procaccini and a Sta. Marguerite by G. Francia."

The frescoes by Camillo Procaccini in the apse the S. Clemente chapel were painted in 1582 but destroyed in 1914. The S. Clemente also features an altarpiece by Marco Zoppo from the mid-15th century.

News

2012 Europa Nostra Award

In 2012 the Royal Spanish College at Bologna was awarded with the Europa Nostra Price on its conservation category. The Jury declared:
"There could hardly be a finer example of our shared European heritage: a medieval college for Spanish students in an Italian university – the oldest university in the World – using the Italian motif of a loggia around a courtyard, reminiscent of the collegiate architecture of England or France. The Jury admired the beauty and detail of this meticulous restoration, especially of the frescoes, and the courage and determination shown in sustaining both momentum and funding over such a long period."
Also, the Jury underlined the effort on the restoration works by the College, without any official subvention during the period 1978-2010, when important frescoes were discovered inside the building:
“The aim of the long restoration work undertaken was to achieve an architectural consolidation and the recuperation of the forgotten artistic qualities of a palace that holds an exceptional meaning for European culture: the Royal Spanish College in Bologna. The College was founded in 1364 by Cardinal Gil de Albornoz, and endowed with the Royal title by Emperor Charles V in 1530. It is the only university college in continental Europe to have remained active from the Middle Age until today. After a long and costly period of restoration initiated in 1978, the works finished in December 2010, with the discovery and restoration of the frescoes in the royal chamber and antechamber. The magnitude of the historical research, as well as the scope of the works and the absence of external subsidies must be taken into account when considering the 32-year-long restoration, during which the most difficult task was the financial restructuring of the foundation’s heritage.”Premios Europa Nostra 2012: THE ROYAL SPANISH COLLEGE IN BOLOGNA
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References

* "The Spanish College at Bologna. Historic Memories", ''The Times'', Monday, November 26, 1923; p. 13; Issue 43508; col D (authored by "our own correspondent").
* ''A Handbook for Travellers in Central Italy'', published by John Murray (Firm), 1857. (Full book available on Google Books)
* '' A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages'', ed. edited by Hilde de Ridder-Symoens, Walter Rüegg. Cambridge University Press, 2003 (available on Google Books)
* Gieysztor, Alexander: "Management and resources", in ''A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1'', pp. 108–143.
* Kiene, Michael: "College", in ''Grove Art Online'', Oxford University Press, retrieved October 2, 2006.
* Neilson, Nancy Ward: "Procaccini, Camillo", in ''Grove Art Online'', Oxford University Press, retrieved October 2, 2006.
* de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: "Mobility", in ''A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1'', pp. 280–306.
* Tolley, Thomas: "Zoppo, Marco", in ''Grove Art Online'', Oxford University Press, retrieved October 2, 2006.
* ''I codici del Collegio di Spagna di Bologna'', ed. Domenico Maffei, Ennio Cortese, Antonio García y García and Guido Rossi (Milan: Giuffrè, 1992).

External links

Official website of the Real Colegio de España

I Congreso Internacional de Historia del Arte y Arqueología en el Real Colegio de España en Bolonia. El Imperio y las Hispanias de Trajano a Carlos V: clasicismo y poder en el arte español.

Footnotes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Collegio Di Spagna
University of Bologna
Buildings and structures in Bologna
Education in Bologna
Monuments and historic places of Bologna
Spanish culture
Universities and colleges in Emilia-Romagna
Buildings and structures completed in 1367
Educational institutions established in the 14th century
1364 establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in Italy
Gothic architecture in Bologna
Renaissance architecture in Bologna