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Colchicaceae is a
family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek language, Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to ...
s that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016.


Description

The family is characterized by the presence of
colchicine Colchicine is a medication used to treat gout and Behçet's disease. In gout, it is less preferred to NSAIDs or steroids. Other uses for colchicine include the management of pericarditis and familial Mediterranean fever. Colchicine is taken b ...
.


Taxonomy

The
APG III system The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a fur ...
, of 2009 (unchanged from the
APG system The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG ...
s, of 1998 and 2003), recognizes this family and places it in the order
Liliales Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae. The APG III system (2009) plac ...
, in the clade
monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...
. It is a group of herbaceous perennials with
rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow h ...
s or
corm A corm, bulbo-tuber, or bulbotuber is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant stem that serves as a storage organ that some plants use to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat ( perennation). The word ' ...
s. The
Dahlgren system One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren in 1975 and revised in 1977, and 1980. However, he is best known for his two treatises on monocotyledons in 1982 and revised in 19 ...
and the
Thorne system (1992) A system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968, and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007). Some versions of the system are ...
also recognized this family, and placed it in order
Liliales Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae. The APG III system (2009) plac ...
in superorder
Lilianae Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). ...
in subclass
Liliidae Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae. Liliidae in ...
(monocotyledons) of class
Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classif ...
(angiosperms).


Genera

The following is an alphabetic list of genera usually included in this family : The phylogenetic classification of Vinnersten & Manning circumscribes the family as follows: * tribe Burchardieae ** '' Burchardia'' R.Br. * tribe Uvularieae ** '' Disporum'' Salisb. (excluding the North American species to the genus '' Prosartes'' D.Don, now in the family Liliaceae, Liliales) ** '' Uvularia'' L. * tribe Tripladenieae ** '' Kuntheria'' Conran & Clifford ** '' Schelhammera'' R.Br. ** '' Tripladenia'' D.Don * tribe Iphigenieae ** '' Camptorrhiza'' E.Phillips ** ''
Iphigenia In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (; grc, Ἰφιγένεια, , ) was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae. In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War by huntin ...
'' Kunth * tribe Anguillarieae ** '' Baeometra'' Salisb. ** '' Wurmbea'' Thunb. (including ''Neodregea'' C.H.Wright and ''Onixotis'' Raf.) * tribe Colchiceae ** '' Colchicum'' L. (including ''Androcymbium'' Willd., ''Bulbocodium'' L. and ''Merendera'' Ramond) ** '' Gloriosa'' L. (including ''Littonia'' Hook.) ** '' Hexacyrtis'' Dinter ** '' Ornithoglossum'' Salisb. ** ''
Sandersonia ''Sandersonia'' is a monotypic genus of rhizomatous plant, belonging to the family Colchicaceae, the single species ''Sandersonia aurantiaca'' being native to South Africa (the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and the Northern Provinces) and Eswat ...
'' Hook. The genus ''Petermannia'' F.Muell. is excluded from this family and placed in its own family Petermanniaceae, Liliales. The former controversy regarding the inclusion of '' Androcymbium'' in '' Colchicum'' has now been resolved in favor of the 2007 classification of Manning ''et al.'' who included ''Androcymbium'' in ''Colchicum''. This is supported by molecular phylogenetic studies with dense species sampling (i.e. 41 species previously placed in ''Androcymbium'' and 96 species of ''Colchicum'') that showed that the type species of ''Androcymbium'', ''A. melanthioides'' ('' Colchicum melanthioides''), is more closely related to species of ''Colchicum'' than it is to many species traditionally placed in ''Androcymbium''. Subsequently, Nguyen et al.(2013) proposed reclassifying the family on the basis of subfamilies: * Subfamily Uvularioideae (distribution: Eastern Asia and North America) ** Tribe Uvularieae (''Disporum'', ''Uvularia'') * Subfamily Wurmbeoideae (distribution: Australia, Africa, Europe, central and tropical Asia) ** Tribe Burchardieae (''Burchardia'') ** Tribe Tripladenieae (''Tripladenia'', ''Schelhammera'', ''Kuntheria'') ** Tribe Iphigenieae (''Iphigenia'', ''Camptorrhiza'') ** Tribe Angullarieae (''Wurmbea'', ''Onixotis'', ''Neodregea'', ''Baeometra'') ** Tribe Colchiceae (''Gloriosa'' (including ''Littonia''), ''Colchicum'' (including ''Merendera'', ''Bulbocodium'', and probably ''Androcymbium''), ''Hexacyrtis'', ''Ornithoglossum'', ''Sandersonia''


References


Bibliography

* * * *


External links

*
Colchicaceae
in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
The families of flowering plants
descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version
Archived version, 9 March 2006images at PlantSystematics.orglinks at CSDL, Texas
{{Taxonbar, from=Q186181 Liliales families