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Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch
aristocrat The aristocracy is historically associated with "hereditary" or "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class of people (aristocrats) with hereditary rank and titles. In some, such as ancient Greece, ancient R ...
,
zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and d ...
and museum director.


Biography

Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...
in the
Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands ( Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiograph ...
. From his father, Jacob Temminck, who was
treasurer A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk management, and corporate finance. Government The treasury ...
of the
Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
with links to numerous travellers and collectors, he inherited a large collection of bird specimens. His father was a good friend of Francois Levaillant who also guided Coenraad. Temminck's ''Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe'' (1815) was the standard work on
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
an
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...
s for many years. He was also the author of ''Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées'' (1813–1817), ''Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d'Oiseaux'' (1820–1839), and contributed to the mammalian sections of
Philipp Franz von Siebold Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (17 February 1796 – 18 October 1866) was a German physician, botanist and traveler. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora and fauna and the introduction of Western medicine in Japan. He w ...
's ''Fauna japonica'' (1844–1850). Temminck was the first director of the
National Museum of Natural History The National Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2021, with 7. ...
in Leiden from 1820 until his death. In 1824, he was elected to the
American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit ...
. In 1831, he was elected a foreign member of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for prom ...
. In 1836 he became member of the Royal Institute, predecessor of the
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences ( nl, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed ...
. Temminck died on 30 January 1858, at the age of 79, in Leiden, Netherlands.


Works

Temminck, in collaboration with Heinrich Kuhl, is the author of descriptions of parrots, including the rosella ''
Platycercus icterotis The western rosella (''Platycercus icterotis''), or moyadong, is a species of parrot endemic to southwestern Australia. The head and underparts are bright red, and the back is mottled black; a yellow patch at the cheek distinguishes it from o ...
''. A tailless
mutant In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism. It ...
of a junglefowl '' Gallus lafayettii'' was described in 1807 by Temminck, which in 1868 the English naturalist
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended ...
incorrectly denied existed. Another junglefowl, described in 1813 by Temminck as '' Gallus giganteus'' was, he believed, one of six wild ancestral species of domestic fowl; Darwin, however, demonstrated that the latter has a single (monophyletic) origin.


Species named after Temminck

A large number of animals were named for Temminck in the 19th century. Among those still in use are: * Sharks: **
Broadfin shark The broadfin shark (''Lamiopsis temminckii'') is a tropical whaler shark, characterized by the broad shape of its pectoral fins. They are classified as requiem sharks of the family Carcharhinidae. This is one of two species in the genus ''Lamiops ...
''Lamiopsis temminckii'' * Fishes ** '' Ancistrus temminckii'' (an armoured suckermouth catfish) ** Dark chub '' Zacco temminckii'' (a carp) ** '' Nipponocypris temminckii'' (a cyprinid) ** Samoan silverside '' Hypoatherina temminckii'' ** The Longnose Pipefish '' Syngnathus temminckii'' Kaup, 1856 ** Oilfish ''Rovetus temminckii'' (synonym) ** Goldribbon soapfish ''Aulacocephalus temminckii'' ** ''
Ditrema ''Ditrema'' is a genus of surfperches native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Ditrema jordani'' V. Franz, 1910 * '' Ditrema temminckii'' Bleeker, 1853 ** '' Ditrema temm ...
temminckii'' (a surfperch) ** Thread-fin fairy-wrasse '' Cirrhilabrus temminckii'' ** Kissing gourami ''Helostoma temminckii'' * Reptiles:Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Temminck", p. 263). **''Macrochelys temminckii'' (
alligator snapping turtle The alligator snapping turtle (''Macrochelys temminckii'') is a large species of turtle in the family Chelydridae. The species is native to freshwater habitats in the United States. ''M. temminckii'' is one of the heaviest freshwater turtles ...
) **'' Tytthoscincus temmincki'' (a
skink Skinks are lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, a family in the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. ...
) * Birds: ** Temminck's cormorant ''Phalacrocorax capillatus'' **
Temminck's tragopan The Temminck's tragopan (''Tragopan temminckii'') is a medium-sized, approximately 64 cm long, pheasant in the genus ''Tragopan''. The male is a stocky red-and-orange bird with white-spotted plumage, black bill and pink legs. The male's disp ...
''Tragopan temminckii'' ** Bekisar G. varius × G. gallus "''Gallus temminckii''" ** Temminck's courser ''Cursorius temminckii'' ** Temminck's stint ''Calidris temminckii'' ** Malaysian eared nightjar ''Eurostopodus temminckii'' ** Purple-winged roller ''Coracias temminckii'' ** Temminck's hornbill ''Penelopides exarhatus'' **
Ochre-collared piculet The ochre-collared piculet (''Picumnus temminckii'') is a species of bird in subfamily Picumninae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Taxonomy and systematics The ochre-collared piculet is mono ...
''Picumnus temminckii'' ** Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker ''Dendrocopos temminckii'' ** Temminck's fruit-dove ''Ptilinopus porphyreus'' ** Cerulean cuckooshrike ''Coracina temminckii'' ** Australian logrunner ''Orthonyx temminckii'' ** Temminck's sunbird ''Aethopyga temminckii'' ** Temminck's lark ''Eremophila bilopha'' ** Temminck's babbler ''Pellorneum pyrrhogenys'' ** Temminck's seedeater ''Sporophila falcirostris'' **
Blue whistling thrush The blue whistling thrush (''Myophonus caeruleus'') is a whistling thrush that is found in the mountains of Central Asia, South Asia, China and Southeast Asia. It is known for its loud human-like whistling song at dawn and dusk. The widely dist ...
subspecies ''Myophonus caeruleus temminckii'' ** Javan sunbird subspecies ''Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii'' ** Black sparrowhawk subspecies ''Accipiter melanoleucus temminckii'' * Mammals: **
Temminck's mole The Japanese mole (''Mogera wogura''), also known as Temminck's mole, is a species of mole endemic to Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacifi ...
''Mogera wogura'' **
Temminck's flying fox Temminck's flying fox (''Pteropus temminckii'') is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Indonesia. The species was classified as "Vulnerable" in 2008 by the IUCN due to threats from habitat destruction Habitat ...
''Pteropus temminckii'' ** Temminck's tailless fruit bat ''Megaerops ecaudatus'' ** Dwarf dog-faced bat ''Molossops temminckii'' **
Temminck's trident bat Temminck's trident bat (''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (fren ...
''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'' ** Temminck's mysterious bat ''Nycticeius aenobarbus'' ** Temminck's pangolin ''Smutsia temminckii'' ** Temminck's golden cat ''Catopuma temminckii'' **
Southern right whale The southern right whale (''Eubalaena australis'') is a baleen whale, one of three species classified as right whales belonging to the genus ''Eubalaena''. Southern right whales inhabit oceans south of the Equator, between the latitudes of 20 ...
''Hunterus temminckii'' (a synonym) ** Temminck's mouse ''Mus musculoides'' **
Temminck's striped mouse Temminck's striped mouse or West African hybomys (''Hybomys trivirgatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical ...
''Hybomys trivirgatus'' ** Temminck's giant squirrel ''Epixerus ebii'' **
Temminck's flying squirrel Temminck's flying squirrel (''Petinomys setosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thai ...
''Petinomys setosus'' ** Temminck's red colobus ''Pilocolobus badius temminckii'' (subspecies)


Bibliography

* ''Catalogue systématique du cabinet d’ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes, avec une courte description des oiseaux non-décrits.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1807. * ''Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1808–15. * ''Manuel d'ornithologie  ou  Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe.'' Sepps & Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1815–40. * ''Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux et remarques sur l'analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire.'' Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1817. * ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris 1821. * ''Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe, pour servir de complément au Manuel d'ornithologie de M. Temminck.'' Belin, Paris 1826–42. * ''Monographies de mammalogie.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, Leiden 1827–41. * ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux.'' Levrault, Paris 1838. * ''Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux'' Paris, 1845–1849. * ''Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions néerlandaises dans l'Inde archipélagique.'' Arnz, Leiden 1846–49. * ''Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères.'' Brill, Leiden 1853. * ''Las Posesiones holandesas en el Archipiélago de la India.'' Manila 1855.


See also

* :Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck


References


External links

; Primary works *
Fauna Japonica
' (1833) *
Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux
' (1845-1849) *
Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères
' (1853) ; Secondary works *
Erwin Stresemann Erwin Friedrich Theodor Stresemann (22 November 1889, in Dresden – 20 November 1972, in East Berlin) was a German naturalist and ornithologist. Stresemann was an ornithologist of extensive breadth who compiled one of the first and most compreh ...

Analyse von C. J. Temmincks "Catalogue systématique" (1807)
''
Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appear ...
'' Vol. 31, 1953, p. 319–331 * A.J.P. Raat
Alexander von Humboldt and Coenraad Jacob Temminck
''Zoologische Bijdragen'', Vol. 21, 1976, p. 19–38 {{DEFAULTSORT:Temminck, Coenraad Jacob 1778 births 1858 deaths Directors of museums in the Netherlands Dutch ornithologists Dutch zoologists Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Scientists from Amsterdam Taxon authorities