''Clerodendrum'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...

s formerly placed in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. The ...

, but now considered to belong to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Its

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...

s include glorybower, bagflower and bleeding-heart. It is currently classified in the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

Ajugoideae Ajugoideae is subfamily of the family Lamiaceae. The subfamily name of Teucrioideae is a synonym of Ajugoideae. Genera *Tribe Ajugeae **'' Acrymia'' Prain **''Ajuga'' L. **'' Cymaria'' Benth. **'' Garrettia'' H. R. Fletcher **'' Holocheila'' * ...

, being one of several genera transferred from

to Lamiaceae in the 1990s, based on

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups ...

analysis of morphological and

molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bio ...

data In the pursuit of knowledge, data (; ) is a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpret ...

. Estimates of the number of

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

in ''Clerodendrum'' vary widely, from about 150Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". ''Taxon'' 59(1):125-133. to about 450.Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. This is partly because about 30 species have been transferred to ''

Rotheca ''Rotheca'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae.Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón M ...

'',Dorothy A. Steane and David J. Mabberley. 1998. "''Rotheca'' (Lamiaceae) Revived". ''Novon'' 8(2):204-206.Rosette B. Fernandes and Bernard Verdcourt. 2000. "''Rotheca'' (Labiatae) revived - more new combinations". ''Kew Bulletin'' 55(1):147-154. about 30 more to ''

Volkameria ''Volkameria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendru ...

'', and 1 to ''

Ovieda ''Ovieda'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described for modern science in 1753. It contains only one known species, ''Ovieda spinosa '', endemic to the Island of Hispaniola in the West Indies The West Indies ...

''. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specim ...

for the genus is ''

Clerodendrum infortunatum ''Clerodendrum infortunatum'', known as bhat or hill glory bower, is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae, also sometimes classified under Verbenaceae. It is the type species among ~150 species of ''Clerodendrum''. It is one of the ...

''.''Clerodendrum'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below). It is

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

and the

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between t ...

.Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. The genus is native to

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and warm

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout ...

regions of the world, with most of the species occurring in tropical Africa and southern Asia, but with a few in the tropical Americas and northern Australasia, and a few extending north into the temperate zone in eastern Asia.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. They are

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from tree ...

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a t ...

s, and small

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s, usually growing to tall, with opposite or whorled

leaves A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

. '' C. floribundum'' can grow to tall. '' Clerodendrum fistulosum'' and '' Clerodendrum myrmecophila'' have hollow stems that are inhabited by

ants Ants are Eusociality, eusocial insects of the Family (biology), family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the Taxonomy (biology), order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from Vespoidea, vespoid wasp ancestors in the Creta ...

. ''

Clerodendrum trichotomum ''Clerodendrum trichotomum'', the harlequin glorybower, glorytree or peanut butter tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, India, and the Philippines. It is a large deciduous sh ...

'' is a common ornamental in warmer parts of the world. Eight other species are also grown in the tropics for their abundant and attractive flowers.George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005) One of these, '' Clerodendrum macrostegium'', suckers abundantly from the

root In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the su ...

s, often producing a

thicket A thicket is a very dense stand of trees or tall shrubs, often dominated by only one or a few species, to the exclusion of all others. They may be formed by species that shed large numbers of highly viable seeds that are able to germinate in t ...

within a few years. The following species are cultivated in the UK: * ''C. chinense'' * ''C. splendens'' * ''C. thomsoniae'' * ''C. trichotomum'' ''Clerodendrum'' species are used as food plants by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ...

e of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies, 10 percent of the total described speci ...

species including '' Endoclita malabaricus'' and '' Endoclita sericeus.'' Both butterflies and hummingbirds are often attracted to blooming clerodendrum.

Description

Clerodendrum quadriloculare flower at BBG (50789)

The following description is based on the one by Yuan et alii (2010) and applies to only the

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...

circumscription of ''Clerodendrum''. ''Clerodendrum'' is a genus of small

s, and subherbaceous

perennials A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widel ...

Leaves A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

decussate Decussation is used in biological contexts to describe a crossing (due to the shape of the Roman numeral for ten, an uppercase 'X' (), ). In Latin anatomical terms, the form is used, e.g. . Similarly, the anatomical term chiasma is named af ...

or whorled, never spiny as in some close relatives.

Inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are forme ...

usually

terminal Terminal may refer to: Computing Hardware * Terminal (electronics), a device for joining electrical circuits together * Terminal (telecommunication), a device communicating over a line * Computer terminal, a set of primary input and output devi ...

Sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coine ...

s usually connate, often colored, usually accrescent.

Corolla Corolla may refer to: *Corolla (botany), the petals of a flower, considered as a unit *Toyota Corolla, an automobile model name *Corolla (headgear) A ''corolla'' is an ancient headdress in the form of a small circlet or crown.Stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the fila ...

s 4 (rarely 5), usually in 2 pairs of unequal length and projecting well beyond the mouth of the corolla.

Ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...

incompletely 4- locular.

Ovule In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the '' integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the ...

s 4.

Style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

terminal on the ovary,

bifid Bifid refers to something that is split or cleft into two parts. It may refer to: * Bifid, a variation in the P wave, R wave, or T wave in an echocardiogram in which a wave which usually has a single peak instead has two separate peaks * Bifid ci ...

Fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in partic ...

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part ( exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or ''pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel ...

, usually with 4 grooves or lobes, 4-

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosper ...

ed (rarely 2-seeded by abortion).

Pollination

''Clerodendrum'' and its relatives have an unusual

pollination syndrome Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process c ...

which avoids

self-pollination Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from the same plant arrives at the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms). There are two types of self-pollination: in autogamy, pollen is transferr ...

. This

mating system A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour. The precise meaning depends upon the context. With respect to animals, the term describes which males and females mate under which circumstances. Recognised ...

combines

dichogamy Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when the individual changes its sex at some point in its life. In particular ...

and herkogamy. The flowers are

protandrous Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when the individual changes its sex at some point in its life. In particular, ...

. When the flower opens, the stamens stand erect, parallel to the central axis of the flower, while the

style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

bends over, holding the stigma beyond the rim of the corolla. After the

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametop ...

is shed, the stamens curl up or bend over, and the style straightens out, bringing the stigma to the center of the flower. Except for '' Aegiphila'', which is heterostylous, this breeding strategy is shared by all members of the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English ter ...

consisting of '' Kalaharia'', ''Clerodendrum'', ''

'', '' Aegiphila'', ''

'', ''

Tetraclea ''Tetraclea'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts ...

'', and '' Amasonia''.

History

''Clerodendrum'' was named by

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

in ''

Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the ...

'' in 1753.''Clerodendrum'' page 637. In: Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' volume 2. Laurentii Salvii. (see ''External Links'' below). The name is derived from two

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

words, ''kleros'', meaning "chance or fate" or "clergy", and ''dendron'', "a tree".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume I, page 559. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, US. London, UK. (set). It refers to the considerable variation in reports of the usefulness of ''Clerodendrum'' in medicine, and also to the fact the trees were used for religious purposes in Asia. Regional revisions of ''Clerodendrum'' have been done for local floras, but the last

monograph A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monogra ...

of the entire genus was by

John Isaac Briquet John Isaac Briquet (13 March 1870 in Geneva – 26 October 1931 in Geneva) was a Swiss botanist, director of the ''Conservatoire Botanique'' at Geneva. He received his education in natural sciences at Geneva and Berlin,

in 1895.John Isaac Briquet. 1895. "''Clerodendrum''" pages 174-176. In: "Verbenaceae" pages 132-182. In: ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' volume IV, part 3a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany. He recognized about 90 species, defining the genus broadly to include species that others had placed in ''

'', ''

'', and ''

''. His circumscription was followed by most authors for the next 100 years, even though it was widely believed to be problematic. In 1997,

analysis of DNA data showed that ''Clerodendrum'', as then understood, was

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

. This situation was remedied in 1998 with the revival of ''Rotheca''. This taxonomic change was based on previous work and on a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study that was not published until the following year. In 2004, a study of

DNA sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. T ...

s showed that the monospecific Australian genus ''Huxleya'' was embedded in a clade of ''Clerodendrum'' species that had formerly been placed in ''

''. ''Huxleya'' was then sunk into synonymy with ''Clerodendrum''. The 2004 study sampled '' Aegiphila'', ''

'', and '' Amasonia'', three

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...

genera of

that had not previously been sampled for DNA. The results of this study cast doubt, once again, upon the

monophyly In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

of ''Clerodendrum''. In 2010, a study of four

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it i ...

DNA intergenic spacers showed that part of ''Clerodendrum'' was closer to the New world genera than to other ''Clerodendrum'', and that one species of ''Clerodendrum'' was nested within the clade of New World genera. The authors of this study resurrected the genus ''Volkameria'' and assigned to it about 30 species that had been in ''Clerodendrum''. They also resurrected ''Ovieda'' as a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...

genus consisting of '' Ovieda spinosa''. ''Volkameria'' and ''Ovieda'' had been erected by

in 1753. Modern

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ...

analysis has largely vindicated his concepts of ''Clerodendrum'' and its relatives.

Traditional medicinal use

'' Clerodendrum glandulosum''. Coleb leaf aqueous extract is traditionally used by people of North-East India to alleviate symptoms of diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Among the

Hmar Hmar may refer to: *Hmars or Hmar people *Hmar language Hmar language, also known by its endonym Khawsak Ṭawng, belongs to the Kukish branch of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The speakers of the language are also known as Hmar. Acc ...

and Zomi tribes in the North East India Anphui(Clerodendrum) is also being used as a dish/curry.Anphui Dish from Biaki's Kitchen- https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=699621273413089&id=440688782639674&set=a.440710989304120.111092.440688782639674

Systematics

''Clerodendrum'' is strongly supported as monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses. It consists of two clades, each of which receives strong bootstrap support. One clade contains mostly African species. The other is mostly Asian. The African and Asian groups can not confidently be divided into

sections Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

without more extensive sampling of

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

in phylogenetic studies. The Madagascan species, in particular, are poorly studied. It appears that the long, narrow corolla tube

evolved Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variati ...

only once in ''Clerodendrum'', and appeared again, among its relatives, in ''Ovieda''.

Species

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

Clerodendrum bungei ''Clerodendrum bungei'', commonly known as rose glory bower, glory flower or Mexican hydrangea (though not a true ''Hydrangea'' and not from Mexico), is a species of flowering plant in the deadnettle family, Lamiaceae. Native to China, it is comm ...

Clerodendrum paniculatum ''Clerodendrum paniculatum'', the pagoda flower, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Clerodendrum'' and family Lamiaceae. It is native to tropical Asia and Papuasia (southern China including Taiwan, Indochina, Bangladesh, Sri Lan ...

'' * '' Clerodendrum parvitubulatum'' * '' Clerodendrum parvulum'' * '' Clerodendrum paucidentatum'' * '' Clerodendrum pauciflorum'' * '' Clerodendrum peii'' * '' Clerodendrum peregrinum'' * '' Clerodendrum perrieri'' * '' Clerodendrum petasites'' * '' Clerodendrum petunioides'' * ''

Clerodendrum phlomidis ''Clerodendrum phlomidis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. The plant has been used in Ayurvedic medicine, and some Ayurvedic sources refer to it by the synonym ''Clerodendrum multiflorum''. In India, the plant is known a ...

Clerodendrum thomsoniae ''Clerodendrum thomsoniae'' is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Clerodendrum'' of the family Lamiaceae, native to tropical west Africa from Cameroon west to Senegal. It is an evergreen liana growing to tall, with ovate to oblong leave ...

'' * '' Clerodendrum thouarsii'' * '' Clerodendrum thyrsoideum'' * '' Clerodendrum tibetanum'' * '' Clerodendrum tomentellum'' * '' Clerodendrum tomentosum'' * '' Clerodendrum tonkinense'' * '' Clerodendrum toxicarium'' * '' Clerodendrum tracyanum'' * '' Clerodendrum trichanthum'' * '' Clerodendrum tricholobum'' * ''

'' * '' Clerodendrum triflorum'' * '' Clerodendrum tubulosum'' * '' Clerodendrum umbellatum'' * '' Clerodendrum umbratile'' * '' Clerodendrum urticifolium'' * '' Clerodendrum villosicalyx'' * '' Clerodendrum villosum'' * '' Clerodendrum vinosum'' * '' Clerodendrum volubile'' * '' Clerodendrum wallii'' * '' Clerodendrum welwitschii'' * '' Clerodendrum williamsii'' * '' Clerodendrum yunnanense''

Formerly placed here

*'' Pseudocaryopteris foetida'' (D.Don) P.D.Cantino (as ''C. foetidum'' D.Don) *'' Rotheca incisa'' (Klotzsch) Steane & Mabb. (as ''C. incisum'' Klotzsch or ''C. macrosiphon'' Hook.f.) *'' Rotheca myricoides'' (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb. (as ''C. myricoides'' (Hochst.) Vatke or ''C. ugandense'' Prain) *'' Rotheca serrata'' (L.) Steane & Mabb. (as ''C. serratum'' (L.) Moon) *''

Volkameria aculeata ''Volkameria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendru ...

'' L. (as ''C. aculeatum'' (L.) Schltdl.) *''

Volkameria glabra ''Volkameria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendru ...

'' (E.Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan (as ''C. glabrum'' E.Mey.) *''

Volkameria inermis ''Volkameria inermis'', the glory bower, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Volkameria'' of the family Lamiaceae, found in Australia, Asia, Malesia and the Pacific islands Collectively called the Pacific Islands, the islands in ...

'' L. (as ''C. inerme'' (L.) Gaertn.) *''

Volkameria ligustrina ''Volkameria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendru ...

'' Jacq. (as ''C. ligustrinum'' (Jacq.) R.Br.)

Gallery

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'' File:Clerodendrum floribundum fruit.jpg, ''C. floribundum'' fruit and foliage, coastal Central Queensland File:Clerodendrum floribundum tree.jpg, ''C. floribundum'' tree, coastal Central Queensland File:Common Rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae) on Clerodendrum viscosum at Samsing, Duars, West Bengal W IMG 6271.jpg, Common Rose '' Pachliopta aristolochiae'' on '' Clerodendrum viscosum'' at

Samsing Samsing is a small hill village and tourist spot in the Matiali (community development block), Malbazar subdivision of Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal situated at an elevation of 3000 ft in the foothills in between Jalpaiguri and Darjeel ...

Darjeeling district Darjeeling District is the northernmost district of the state of West Bengal in eastern India in the foothills of the Himalayas. The district is famous for its hill station and Darjeeling tea. Darjeeling is the district headquarters. Ku ...

West Bengal West Bengal (, Bengali: ''Poshchim Bongo'', , abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabitants within an area of . West Bengal is the fou ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

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Wayanad Wayanad () is a district in the north-east of Indian state Kerala with administrative headquarters at the municipality of Kalpetta. It is the only plateau in Kerala. The Wayanad Plateau forms a continuation of the Mysore Plateau, the southern ...

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Bangalore Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...

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