Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, located in northern
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
and southeastern
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 36th-largest by ...
, preserves the sites of two major battles of the
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and t ...
: the
Battle of Chickamauga
The Battle of Chickamauga, fought on September 19–20, 1863, between U.S. and Confederate forces in the American Civil War, marked the end of a Union offensive, the Chickamauga Campaign, in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. ...
and the
Siege of Chattanooga. A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properti ...
in 1998.
[ and ]
History
Starting in 1890, during the decade, the
Congress of the United States
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Wash ...
authorized the establishment of the first four
national military park
National Military Park, National Battlefield, National Battlefield Park, and National Battlefield Site are four designations for 25 battle sites preserved by the United States federal government because of their national importance. The designat ...
s: Chickamauga and Chattanooga,
Shiloh,
Gettysburg and
Vicksburg.
The first and largest of these (), and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at
Chickamauga, Georgia
Chickamauga is a city in Walker County, Georgia, United States. The population was 2,917 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Before the 1800s, the Chickamauga Cherokee settled around ...
and
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Chattanooga ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. Located along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia, it also extends into Marion County on its western end. With a population of 181,099 in 2020 ...
. It was officially dedicated in September 1895. It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals
Henry V. Boynton and
Ferdinand Van Derveer, both veterans of the
Union Army of the Cumberland
The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies in the Western Theater during the American Civil War. It was originally known as the Army of the Ohio.
History
The origin of the Army of the Cumberland dates back to the creation ...
, who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields. Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General
Henry M. Cist
Henry Martyn Cist (February 20, 1839 – December 16, 1902) was an American soldier, lawyer, and author who was a Union Army captain and staff officer during the American Civil War. On December 11, 1866 he was nominated and on February 6, 1867 he ...
, who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888.
Franklin Guest Smith, a former Union officer still on active duty, served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement, and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908. Another former Union officer,
Charles H. Grosvenor
Charles Henry Grosvenor (September 20, 1833 – October 30, 1917) was a multiple-term U.S. Representative from Ohio, as well as a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Biography
Grosvenor was born in Pomfret, ...
, was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properti ...
took over site management in 1933.
Use during the Spanish–American War
The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was utilized during the
Spanish–American War
, partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence
, image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg
, image_size = 300px
, caption = (clock ...
as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp
George H. Thomas" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.
Park areas
The military park consists of four main areas, and a few small isolated reservations, around Chattanooga.
* Chickamauga Battlefield
*
Missionary Ridge
Missionary Ridge is a geographic feature in Chattanooga, Tennessee, site of the Battle of Missionary Ridge, a battle in the American Civil War, fought on November 25, 1863. Union forces under Maj. Gens. Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, a ...
* Lookout Mountain Battlefield and Point Park
*
Moccasin Bend
On October 15, 1966, as with all historic areas already administered by the
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properti ...
, the military park was listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic ...
.
On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. ''Moccasin Bend Archaeological District'', designated a
National Historic Landmark
A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Only some 2,500 (~3%) of over 90,000 places liste ...
on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from
Lookout Mountain
Lookout Mountain is a mountain ridge located at the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Georgia, the northeast corner of Alabama, and along the southeastern Tennessee state line in Chattanooga. Lookout Mountain was the scene of the 18th-centu ...
. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten-acre meadow. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.
See also
*
First Battle of Chattanooga
*
Second Battle of Chattanooga
References
External links
*
*Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_CNP
*
Historic American Engineering Record
Heritage Documentation Programs (HDP) is a division of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) responsible for administering the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), and Historic American Landscapes ...
(HAER) documentation:
**
**
**
**
**
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park
Battlefields of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
Archaeological sites in Georgia (U.S. state)
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Protected areas of Hamilton County, Tennessee
National Battlefields and Military Parks of the United States
Museums in Chattanooga, Tennessee
Museums in Walker County, Georgia
American Civil War museums in Georgia (U.S. state)
American Civil War museums in Tennessee
National Park Service areas in Georgia (U.S. state)
Protected areas of the Appalachians
Protected areas established in 1890
Protected areas of Catoosa County, Georgia
Protected areas of Dade County, Georgia
Protected areas of Walker County, Georgia
National Park Service areas in Tennessee
Historic American Engineering Record in Georgia (U.S. state)
Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Hamilton County, Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Catoosa County, Georgia
National Register of Historic Places in Walker County, Georgia
National Register of Historic Places in Dade County, Georgia
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
1890 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1890 establishments in Tennessee