Charles Gide
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Charles Gide (; 1847–1932) was a French
economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are ...
and historian of economic thought. He was a
professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professors ...
at the
University of Bordeaux The University of Bordeaux (French: ''Université de Bordeaux'') is a Lists of universities in France, public university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in Southern France, southwestern France. It has several campuses in the cities and towns of Bor ...
, at Montpellier, at
Université de Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...
and finally at
Collège de France The Collège de France (), formerly known as the ''Collège Royal'' or as the ''Collège impérial'' founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment ('' grand établissement'') in France. It is located in Paris n ...
. His nephew was the author
André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism ...
.


Academic work

An initiator of the ''Revue d'économie politique'' in 1887, Gide was a proponent of the French historical school of economics. Gide was one of the few endorsers of Léon Walras, as they shared a social philosophy, social activism, and disdain for the "Manchester-style" economics of the ''journalistes''."History of Economic Thought"
, The French Liberal School Website. Note: The French Liberal School had lost interest in serious economic theory by the 1830s.


Social activism

During the early 1880s Gide worked with Édouard de Boyve, founder in 1884 of the cooperative ''Abeille Nîmoise'', and with the former manufacturer Auguste Marie Fabre. These three men founded the French cooperative philosophy that came to be known as the ''École de Nîmes''. The ''Sociétés Coopératives de Consommation de France'' had its first national congress in Paris on 27 July 1885. The journal ''l'Émancipation'' was initiated at this meeting, and was published first on 15 November 1886 in Nîmes. Gide, de Boyve and Fabre all contributed to the journal. Gide was active in the social Protestant movement, as were other Musée social members such as
Jules Siegfried Jules Siegfried (12 February 1837 – 26 September 1922) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1885 to 1897, and from 1902 to 1922. Siegfried was active in the social Protestant movement, as were other ...
(1837–1922), Édouard Gruner (1849–1933), Henri Monod (1843–1911) and
Pierre-Paul Guieysse Pierre-Paul Guieysse, (May 11, 1841 – May 19, 1914) was a French Socialist politician. He was Minister of the Colonies in the French Cabinet headed by Léon Bourgeois between 1895 and 1896. Life He was born in Lorient, Brittany, of a Protestan ...
(1841–1914). As a Protestant
Christian Socialist Christian socialism is a religious and political philosophy that blends Christianity and socialism, endorsing left-wing politics and socialist economics on the basis of the Bible and the teachings of Jesus. Many Christian socialists believe cap ...
, Gide was involved with progressive politics in France, endorsing the ''
université populaire Folk high schools (also ''Adult Education Center'', Danish: ''Folkehøjskole;'' Dutch: ''Volkshogeschool;'' Finnish: ''kansanopisto'' and ''työväenopisto'' or ''kansalaisopisto;'' German: ''Volkshochschule'' and (a few) ''Heimvolkshochschule; ...
'' philosophy after the
Dreyfus Affair The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...
. He promoted the establishment of a School for Advanced Social Studies (''École supérieure de sciences sociales'') (1899). Additionally, he served among the early faculty of the ''
École supérieure de journalisme de Paris The École supérieure de journalisme (ESJ Paris; in English: ''Superior School of Journalism of Paris'') is an institution of higher education in Paris dedicated to journalism and related studies. Its origin was in the ''Collège Libre des Scienc ...
''."Histoire"
, Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme de Paris website, accessed 4 July 2011
Together with the School for Social Studies, it was established in 1899 as one of three '' grandes écoles'' developing from the ''Collège libre de science sociales'' initiated in 1895. Gide endorsed the ''Union pour la Verite'' (League for Truth) created by philosopher Paul Desjardins in 1892 promoting the cause of the Jewish army officer Alfred Dreyfus during the
political scandal In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt, uneth ...
involving him. Gide was interested in reform projects as well, such as the ''Alliance d'Hygiène Sociale'' (Alliance of Social Hygiene, created in 1905), and reported on the social economy exhibition at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900.Pierre-Yves Saunier, "Review of Marc Penin, 'Charles Gide 1847–1932. L’esprit critique'"
, History Net (H-Net)
Gide was a champion of the
cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-contro ...
philosophy, including both agricultural and consumers' cooperatives, during the first third of the 20th century. His book, ''Consumers' Co-operative Societies'', which was published first in French in 1904, and in English in 1921, is a classic of
co-operative economics Cooperative (or co-operative) economics is a field of economics that incorporates cooperative studies and political economy toward the study and management of cooperatives. History Cooperative economics developed as both a theory and a concret ...
, in the tradition of
Co-operative Federalism Cooperative federalism is a school of thought in the field of cooperative economics. Historically, its proponents have included J.T.W. Mitchell, Charles Gide, Paul Lambert, and Beatrice Webb (who coined the term in her book ''The Co-operative Mo ...
.


Works

* ''Charles Gide – Écrits 1869–1886'' (''Charles Gide – Writings 1869–1886''), Editions Harmattan/Committee for the edition of works of Charles Gide, Paris (1999) * ''Principes d'economie politique'', (1883) ; translated to English as ''Principles of Political Economy'' (1924); 26th ed., Paris, Librairie du Recueil Sirey (1931).
On line edition Marcelle Bergeron, École polyvalente Dominique-Racine de Chicoutimi, Ville de Saguenay.
* ''Économie sociale. Les institutions du progrès social au début du XXe siècle.'' Paris, Larose, 1905. * ''Coopération et économie sociale 1886–1904'' (1905). Patrice Devillers. éd. L’Harmattan v. 4 (2001) * Charles Gide, "Economic Literature in France at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century", ''The Economic Journal'', Vol. 17, No. 66 (Jun., 1907), pp. 192–212. * ''Cours d'economie politique'' (1909); Paris, Librairie de la Société du Recueil Sirey, 5e édition, refondue et augmentée (1919)

* ''Les Societes Cooperatives de Consomption'', (1904); translated to English as ''Consumers' Co-operative Societies'' (1921). *
A History of Economic Doctrines from the Time of the Physiocrats to the Present Day
', with
Charles Rist Charles Rist (1 January 1874, Prilly – 10 January 1955, Versailles) was a French economist. His son is Léonard Rist Léonard Rist (1905–1982) was a French economist and banker. He was the son of Charles Rist, the economist. Working in Ame ...
; tr. R. Richards. London, George P. Harrap (1915). * ''Les Colonies Communistes et Co-Operatives'' (1930).


See also

* History of economic thought


References


Sources

*


Further reading

* Marc Penin. ''Charles Gide 1847–1932. L’esprit critique.'' Paris: l'Harmattan (1998).


External links

* *
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gide, Charles 1847 births 1932 deaths People from Uzès University of Bordeaux faculty University of Montpellier faculty University of Paris faculty Collège de France faculty French economists French Protestants French Christian pacifists Calvinist pacifists Historians of economic thought French cooperative organizers