A central business district (CBD) is the commercial and business centre of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as a
financial district. Geographically, it often coincides with the "
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
" or "
downtown". However, these concepts are not necessarily synonymous: many cities have a central ''business'' district located away from its commercial and or cultural centre and or downtown/city centre, and there may be multiple CBDs within a single urban area. The CBD will often be characterised by a high degree of accessibility as well as a large variety and concentration of specialised goods and services compared to other parts of the city. For instance,
Midtown Manhattan,
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
, is the largest central business district in the city and in the United States.
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
's city centre is usually regarded as encompassing the historic
City of London
The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London f ...
and the medieval
City of Westminster, while the
City of London
The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London f ...
and the transformed
Docklands area containing
Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf is an area of London, England, located near the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Canary Wharf is defined by the Greater London Authority as being part of London's central business district, alongside Central Lon ...
are regarded as their two respective CBDs. In
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
, the
Chicago Loop is the second-largest central business district in the United States. It is also referred to as the core of the city's downtown.
Mexico City
Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
also has its own
historic city centre, the colonial-era "Centro Histórico," along with two CBDs: the mid-late 20th century
Paseo de la Reforma –
Polanco Polanco is a Spanish name shared by people and places in Mexico, Spain and other countries, including:
Places
* Polanco, Mexico City, an upscale neighborhood of Mexico City
** Polanco metro station, a station of the Mexico City Metro that serves th ...
, and the new
Santa Fe, respectively.
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
and
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
's largest central business district is the
Moscow International Business Center.
The shape and type of a CBD almost always closely reflect the city's history. Cities with strong
preservation
Preservation may refer to:
Heritage and conservation
* Preservation (library and archival science), activities aimed at prolonging the life of a record while making as few changes as possible
* ''Preservation'' (magazine), published by the Nat ...
laws and maximum building height restrictions to retain the character of the historic and cultural core will have a CBD quite a distance from the city centre. This practice is quite common for European cities such as
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
,
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
,
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
or
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population o ...
. In cities in the
New World that grew quickly after the invention of modern transportation such as
road
A road is a linear way for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike streets, the main function of roads is transportation.
There are many types o ...
or
rail, a single central area or downtown will often contain most of the region's tallest buildings and act both as the CBD and the commercial and cultural city centre. Increasing
urbanization
Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly th ...
in the 21st century have developed
megacities
A megacity is a very large city, typically with a population of more than 10 million people. Precise definitions vary: the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in its 2018 "World Urbanization Prospects" report counted u ...
, particularly in
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
, that will often have multiple CBDs scattered across the urban area. It has been said that downtowns (as understood in North America) are therefore conceptually distinct from both CBDs and city centres. Although no two CBDs look alike in terms of their spatial shape, however, certain geometric patterns in these areas are recurring throughout many cities due to the nature of a
centralized
Centralisation or centralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, framing strategy and policies become concentrated within a particu ...
commercial and industrial activities.
Australia
Melbourne and Sydney, Australia's two most populated cities,
both have large CBDs.
File:Sydney City Business District.jpg, Sydney central business district
File:Melbourne skyline - cropped and contrast.jpg, Melbourne central business district
File:Skylines of Brisbane CBD in June 2019 seen from Paddington, Queensland (cut).jpg, Brisbane central business district
File:Perth (AU), View from Kings Park -- 2019 -- 0435-42.jpg, Perth central business district
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth i ...
File:Adelaide city centre view.jpg, Adelaide central business district
Adelaide city centre (Kaurna: Tarndanya) is the inner city locality of Greater Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is known by locals simply as "the City" or "Town" to distinguish it from Greater Adelaide and from the City of Ade ...
File:City landscape of Darwin, Northern Territory.jpg, Darwin central business district
Brazil
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaW ...
is a multipolar city, with several business districts.
Avenida Faria Lima and the neighboring districts,
Itaim Bibi and
Vila Olímpia, now concentrate a large part of the financial activities in São Paulo and in Brazil.
Avenida Paulista and nearby streets is a well-established financial centre that has several banking offices and corporate headquarters, as well as hospitals. The region comprising Avenidas Berrini, Doutor Chucri Zaidan, and Nações Unidas, the city's newest commercial district, has offices of multinational companies and also commercial services.
In
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
, Brazil's second largest city, the main business district still is in downtown, where
Petrobrás
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by the portmanteau Petrobras (), is a state-owned Brazilian multinational corporation in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The company's name translates to Brazilian Pe ...
and Vale headquarters are located, but there is a concentration of business in
Botafogo
Botafogo (local/standard alternative Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: ) is a beachfront neighborhood (''bairro'') in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a mostly upper middle class and small commerce community, and is located between the hills o ...
harbor and in
Barra da Tijuca, a newer Rio de Janeiro suburb located in city's west region.
Colombia
The largest CBD in Colombia is Bogotá's ''Centro Internacional'', where some of the tallest buildings in South America have been repurposed as national headquarters for
Scotiabank Colpatria,
Davivienda and
Bancolombia, among others.
Over the years, Bogotá has developed minor business districts, which include ''Avenida Chile'', ''Ciudad Salitre'', with companies like
Avianca,
Rappi
Rappi is a Colombian multivertical company headquartered in Bogotá, Colombia, and with main offices in São Paulo and Mexico City. It was founded in 2015 by Simón Borrero, Sebastian Mejía, Felipe Villamarín and Guillermo Plaza.
History
Ra ...
,
Johnson & Johnson,
Terpel,
Hilton,
Hyatt,
Marriott
Marriott may refer to:
People
*Marriott (surname)
Corporations
* Marriott Corporation, founded as Hot Shoppes, Inc. in 1927; split into Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation in 1993
* Marriott International, international hot ...
,
Sheraton,
Ramada,
City Express
City Express (french: Cité Express), also known as Air Atonabee Ltd., was an airline based in Ontario, Canada, from 1971 to 1991, which operated passenger services in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.
History
City Express wa ...
,
Aloft and
Novotel; or ''Complejo Santa Bárbara'', the last of which features the only
W Hotel in the city.
Colombia's other notable CBDs include ''Parque Berrío'' in
Medellín, ''
Bocagrande
Bocagrande is a neighbourhood in the city of Cartagena de Indias in Bolívar, Colombia. It was designed with first-world standards, such as residential areas of restricted access, and a separate plant for processing waste water.
Economy and c ...
'' in
Cartagena (the largest touristic CBD in the country) and ''Paseo de Bolívar'' in
Barranquilla.
File:Baluarte de Santiago CTG 11 2019 2137.jpg, ''Bocagrande
Bocagrande is a neighbourhood in the city of Cartagena de Indias in Bolívar, Colombia. It was designed with first-world standards, such as residential areas of restricted access, and a separate plant for processing waste water.
Economy and c ...
'' in Cartagena, the largest CBD in Colombia's Caribbean Region
File:Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria.JPG, ''Parque Berrío'' in Medellín, the second largest CBD in Colombia
File:Torre de Cali (1).JPG, '' Cali's Downtown'' it is the largest CBD in Colombia's Pacific Region
File:Edificio North Point Bogotá , Cund.jpeg, '' North Point'' CBD in Bogotá, the third largest in the city.
File:Grand Bay Club.jpg, ''Grand Bay Club'' in Barranquilla, the second largest CBD in the city
France
La Défense, west of
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
, is
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
's largest central business district. La Défense was in 2017 ranked as the leading CBD in continental Europe, and the fourth in the world.
La Défense hosts 19 of the
world's biggest 500 companies, whilst the
Paris region
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...
as a whole hosts 29 of the world's 500 largest companies, establishing itself as the first city in Europe (and 3rd worldwide) for the number of companies classified in ''
Fortune
Fortune may refer to:
General
* Fortuna or Fortune, the Roman goddess of luck
* Luck
* Wealth
* Fortune, a prediction made in fortune-telling
* Fortune, in a fortune cookie
Arts and entertainment Film and television
* ''The Fortune'' (1931 film) ...
''
Fortune Global 500.
Germany
In
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...
, the terms ''Innenstadt'' and ''Stadtzentrum'' may be used to describe the central business district. Both terms can be literally translated as "
inner city"/"city centre". Some of the
larger cities have more than one central business district. For example,
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...
alone has three.
Due to Berlin's history of division during the
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because t ...
, the city contains central business districts both in West (
Kurfürstendamm) and East Berlin (
Alexanderplatz), as well as a newly built business district near the
Potsdamer Platz. The city's
historic centre – home to the
Reichstag building, as well as the
Brandenburg gate and most federal ministries – was largely abandoned when the
Berlin Wall cut through the area. Only after the reunification with the redevelopment of
Potsdamer Platz, and the construction of numerous shopping centres, government ministries, embassies, office buildings and entertainment venues, was the area revived.
In
Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...
's city centre, there is a business district called the "
Bankenviertel."
In
Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in ...
, there is a business district which is located around the famous High-Street
Königsallee with banks, shops and offices.
India
File:Skyscrapers connaught place New Delhi.JPG, Connaught Place, New Delhi
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament Hous ...
File:Mumbai skyline.jpg, Nariman Point, Mumbai
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the secon ...
File:Gomti nagar, Lucknow.jpg, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow
Lucknow (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is also the second largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and divis ...
India's largest and famous CBD is
The Bandra Kurla Complex in
Mumbai
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the secon ...
. And in the same city
Mumbai
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the secon ...
itself there is
Nariman Point, which is another CBD including
andheri
Andheri ( �n̪d̪ʱeɾiː is a locality in the western part of the city of Mumbai in India. Udayanagari, the name of a hill near the Mahakali caves, inspired the name Andheri. On the former islet of Versova, also known as Vasave, there was an ...
and
Parel. In
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...
CBDs are often also referred as "City Centre" or elsewhere "Downtown". In
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
or
New Delhi
New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament Hous ...
Connaught Place is the CBD of the city.
Parry's Corner and
Nungambakkam are among the main CBDs of
Chennai
Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...
. Bangalore has the four famous business district which are
UB City
UB City is a luxury business district in Bengaluru, India. It consists of 6 blocks, UB Tower, Kingfisher Plaza, Concorde, Canberra, Comet, and Kingfisher Towers, with a total built up area of over 16 lakh sq ft. Pioneered by the UB Group in Joi ...
, Brigade Gateway,
Koramangala,
Indiranagar
Indiranagar is a medium-sized neighbourhood in east Bangalore, Karnataka, India. A cosmopolitan locality, Indiranagar is one of the most expensive neighbourhoods in Bangalore.
History
Indiranagar was formed as a BDA layout in the late 1970s, ...
and
Electronic City.
Lucknow
Lucknow (, ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is also the second largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and divis ...
has mainly 3 business district which includes the famous
Hazratganj Market, Gomti Nagar Extension (the extented area of
Gomti Nagar) and
Aminabad in old Lucknow. Hyderabad and
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
also have many central business districts.
Indonesia
The largest CBD in Indonesia is known as the
Golden Triangle
Golden Triangle may refer to:
Places
Asia
* Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia), named for its opium production
* Golden Triangle (Yangtze), China, named for its rapid economic development
* Golden Triangle (India), comprising the popular tourist ...
(''Segitiga Emas'' in
Indonesian language
Indonesian ( ) is the official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia ...
) in
Jakarta. The area is located along the main avenues of Jakarta,
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman –
Jalan M.H. Thamrin
Jalan M.H. Thamrin or Jalan Thamrin (M.H. Thamrin Road or Thamrin Road) is a major thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road is located at the center of Jakarta, running from the north end of Jalan Jenderal Sudirman at West Flood Canal at the ...
-
Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said
Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said or Jalan Rasuna Said is one of the main avenues of Jakarta, Indonesia. It was constructed during the 1970s. It is located in the Golden Triangle of Jakarta. The road was named after Hajjah Rangkayo Rasuna Said, a National ...
–
Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio
Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio or ''Jalan Satrio'' is one of main streets of Jakarta, Indonesia. The road has many important commercial buildings and shopping centers. It is named after former Minister for Health of Indonesia, Major General (Ret.) Pr ...
–
Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto.
Sudirman Central Business District
Sudirman Central Business District or SCBD is a business district with an integrated mixed use development concept, located in South Jakarta, Indonesia, consisting of condominiums, office buildings, hotels, shopping and entertainment centers. The ...
, a super block that is located within the Golden Triangle, is the first of its kind in Indonesia, and one of the largest commercial centre development in the city. Jakarta started developing the sophistication of its Business District in the early 1960s before to host the
Asian Games in 1962.
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Java and the second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern border of Java island, on the M ...
in
East Java
East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern and ...
, built its first central business district in the Darmo region. The construction was expected to be completed by 2018 with 150 SOHO units and 500 residences.
File:Jakarta CBD.jpg, Jakarta CBD seen from south Jakarta
File:Western_Surabaya_at_dusk_(late_2015).jpg, Tunjungan skyline Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Java and the second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern border of Java island, on the M ...
Japan
*
Fukuoka
is the sixth-largest city in Japan, the second-largest port city after Yokohama, and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since anc ...
(
Chūō-ku, Fukuoka
is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka city in Japan. The ward is located in the center of the city.
It includes Tenjin and Daimyō which are among the largest downtown areas in Kyūshū, Nagahama, which is known for its fish market, and Ōh ...
)
*
Hiroshima(
Naka-ku, Hiroshima)
*
Kobe(
Chūō-ku, Kobe
is one of 9 wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 28.46 km², and a population of 127,602 with 74,814 households as of January 31, 2012. The ward was formed from the 1980 merger of the former Fukiai-ku () and Ikuta-ku ().
The Consul ...
)
*
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the c ...
(
Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto
is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Its name means "central capital ward."
As of 2021, the ward has an estimated population of 109,629 people. Tourism, shopping, and entertainment are the primary so ...
)
*
Nagoya
is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and the most po ...
(
Naka-ku, Nagoya,
Nakamura-ku, Nagoya
is one of the 16 wards of Nagoya, Japan. As of October 1, 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 135,134 and a population density of 8,290 persons per km². The total area is 16.30 km².
History
Nakamura Ward is famous as the birth ...
)
*
Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...
(
Chūō-ku, Osaka,
Kita-ku, Osaka)
*
Sapporo
( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city ...
(
Chūō-ku, Sapporo)
*
Sendai(
Aoba-ku, Sendai)
*
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...
(
Special wards of Tokyo)
*
Yokohama(
Naka-ku, Yokohama)
File:View from Fukuoka Tower at Blue Hour.jpg, Fukuoka
is the sixth-largest city in Japan, the second-largest port city after Yokohama, and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay, and has been a center of international commerce since anc ...
( Tenjin)
File:Hiroshima skyline.jpg, Hiroshima( Hondōri)
File:Kobe Kobe Port Tower Panoaramablick 03.jpg, Kobe( Sannomiya)
File:Kyoto Skylines from Shōren-in03.jpg, Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the c ...
( Shijō Karasuma)
File:Sakae night.jpg, Nagoya
is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and the most po ...
( Sakae)
File:Meieki from Heiwa Park Aqua Tower.jpg, Nagoya
is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area in Japan, with a population of 2.3million in 2020. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu, it is the capital and the most po ...
(Meieki
is a major railway station in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan. It is one of the world's largest train stations by floor area (410,000 m2), and houses the headquarters of the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central). Much of this space is located i ...
)
File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 001.JPG, Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...
( Hommachi)
File:Osaka Umeda Sky Building Panoramablick 05.jpg, Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...
(Umeda
is a major commercial, business, shopping and entertainment district in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, and the city's main northern railway terminus (Ōsaka Station, Umeda Station). The district's name means "plum field".
History
Umeda was historical ...
)
File:SapporoCity CBD.jpg, Sapporo
( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city ...
( Susukino)
File:DownTown of SendaiCity02.jpg, Sendai( Ichibanchō)
File:六本木之丘天空甲板 (16017557537).jpg, Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...
( Chiyoda)
File:Tokyo Skyline20210123.jpg, Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...
( Shinjuku)
File:Akasaka skyline 201806.jpg, Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.46 ...
(Minato
Minato (港 or 湊) is Japanese for 'harbor', and may refer to:
Places
* Minato, Tokyo or Minato City, a special ward in Tokyo, Japan
* Minato-ku, Nagoya, a ward of Nagoya, Japan
* Minato-ku, Osaka, a ward of Osaka, Japan
* Minato (湊), a neig ...
)
File:Yokohama Marine Tower (view from) 04.JPG, Yokohama(Kannai is a district in Naka Ward, Yokohama, Japan, bounded by the Ōoka River, JR Negishi Line, Nakamura River, and Yokohama waterfront. "Kannai" is not an official name of the area, but the common term of reference has been in use for over a century ...
)
Pakistan
Pakistan established its first Central Business District by the name of "Lahore Central Business District" also known as Central Business District Punjab (CBD Punjab) was established by an ACT of Parliament (LCBDDA Act, 2021) in February 2021. The authority was established to create Pakistan’s first Central Business District in Lahore, Punjab. CBD Punjab is a fully autonomous body
focused at wealth generation and job creation. LCBDDA is a listed authority in Government of Punjab Rules of business approved by the cabinet. LCBDDA is now known as Punjab Central Business District Development Authority (PCBDDA), after the Authority's scope was expanded to the entirety of Punjab.
CBD Punjab have recently launched and successfully sold Lahore's first Planned Downton along with other premium properties such as "Lahore Prime" CBD Punjab is fast becoming a hub of investment and a magnet for big brands in Pakistan.
In Pakistan, a central business district or a large, concentrated urban setting within a settlement is called a ''shehar''.
Karachi
Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former c ...
is Pakistan's largest city and the country's economic hub; the
I. I. Chundrigar Road
I. I. Chundrigar Road ( ur, ), previously known as McLeod Road, is a road located in central business district of Karachi, Pakistan, and is named after former Pakistani Prime Minister Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar. The road serves as the spine o ...
of the city, often called the "Wall Street of Pakistan," acts as Karachi's main financial district and is essentially a centre of economic and industrial activity.
Shahra-e-Faisal in Karachi is also one of the most important business districts of Pakistan.
Another important business district is
Gulberg, Lahore. It has a large number of important office buildings as well as many high-rises and shopping malls. City Towers,
The Pace Tower, M.M Alam road, Vogue Towers, Park Plaza Hotel, Tricon Tower,
MM Tower,
Boulevard Heights, and Ali Trade Centre, respectively, are all present in this area.
Ferozepur Road
Firozpur, also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in Firozpur District, Punjab, India. After the partition of India in 1947, it became a border town on the India–Pakistan border with memorials to soldiers who died ...
is also central business district of
Lahore
Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th List of largest cities, most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is th ...
. It is served by
Lahore bus rapid transit. Kayre International Hotel, and
Arfa Software Technology Park
Arfa Software Technology Park (previously known as Software Technology Park) is a skyscraper building and information technology park in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, built in 2009. It is home to the Information Technology University and PITB. The ...
are also present on Ferozepur Road.
Jinnah Avenue
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (, ; born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the ...
in
Islamabad
Islamabad (; ur, , ) is the capital city of Pakistan. It is the country's ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million people, and is federally administered by the Pakistani government as part of the Islamabad Capital ...
is the main business district of the city. It is lined with numerous office buildings.
Blue Area
Blue Area is the central business district of Islamabad, Pakistan along the Jinnah Avenue. The area is a -long corridor along Islamabad's Khayaban-e-Quaid-e-Azam (also known as Jinnah Avenue), Islamabad's primary arterial road which leads up to ...
is the central business district of
Islamabad
Islamabad (; ur, , ) is the capital city of Pakistan. It is the country's ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million people, and is federally administered by the Pakistani government as part of the Islamabad Capital ...
. The
Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus Service
The Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus is a bus rapid transit system operating in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area of Pakistan. It consists of four routes, namely the Red, Orange, Blue, and Green Lines. The Red and Orange Lines have de ...
is bus rapid transit system that is currently under-construction and will serve these business districts which will connect them to key city areas in
Rawalpindi and
Islamabad
Islamabad (; ur, , ) is the capital city of Pakistan. It is the country's ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million people, and is federally administered by the Pakistani government as part of the Islamabad Capital ...
D Ground is the central business district of
Faisalabad and
Saddar is the main central business district of
Rawalpindi.
Peru
In
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
the central business district is
San Isidro, in
Lima
Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...
, which hosts the majority of Peru's financial industry headquarters. Although still a largely residential district, the commercial and business activity located in or in the vicinity of the area defined by avenues Camino Real, Javier Prado Este, República de Panamá and Aramburú is highly regarded as Peru's financial and corporate heart. It has a permanent population of around 63,000 inhabitants and, during weekday business hours, a floating population that exceeds 700,000 daily commuters from other districts of
Lima
Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...
.
San Isidro is served by three stations of
El Metropolitano
Metropolitano is a bus rapid transit system serving the city of Lima, Peru. Its construction began in the year 2006.
History
The origins of the Metropolitano go back to the ''Lima Bus'' project, which was planned and proposed during the admin ...
, Lima's
bus rapid transit system: Estación Javier Prado, Estación Canaval y Moreyra (with over 16,000 daily passengers) and Estación Aramburú.
Since the late 2000s (decade), the southeastern district of
Surco has experienced a significant increase in upscale corporate developments in the area comprised by avenues Manuel Holguín, El Derby, El Polo, and La Encalada due to lower restrictions to grant
construction permit and proximity to residential middle and upper class districts and is set to become, after traditional
San Isidro and
Miraflores, the new
financial centre of
Lima
Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...
.
Philippines
File:Clark Global City Skyline.jpg, Clark Global City
File:Bonifacio Global City - skyline (view from Pioneer) (Taguig and Makati)(2018-04-24) cropped.jpg, Bonifacio Global City
File:Makati Skyline from Skyway.jpg, Makati Central Business District
File:Ortigas at Night - Flickr.jpg, Ortigas Center
Poland
File:Panorama siekierkowski.jpg, business centre in Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...
File:POL Katowice - Skyscrapers in Katowice.jpg, business centre in Katowice
In Poland, the terms ''śródmieście'' or ''centrum'' may be used to describe the central business district.
Russia
File:Business Centre of Moscow 2.jpg, MIBC in Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
is one of the largest financial centres in Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
and the world—featuring some of Europe's tallest skyscrapers.
File:E-burg asv2019-05 img46 view from VysotSky.jpg, Yekaterinburg-City in Yekaterinburg is the second-largest central business district in Russia.
The largest central business district in
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
is the
Moscow International Business Center (MIBC) in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
—a commercial development located just east of the
Third Ring Road at the western edge of the
Presnensky District in the
Central Administrative Okrug of the city. As of 2021, it is still under development. The construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya Embankment of the
Moskva River, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) west of
Red Square, overlooked by the Third Ring Road. The project occupies an area of 60 hectares.
The second-largest central business district is
Yekaterinburg-City in
Yekaterinburg, the
fourth-largest city in the country. It is located on the
Iset River
The river Iset (russian: Исеть) in Russia flows from the Urals through the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan Oblasts, then through Tyumen Oblast in Western Siberia into the river Tobol
The Tobol (russian: Тобол, kk, Тобыл ''Tobyl'') is a ...
, and is under development as of 2021. The area occupies five hectares.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's capital city is
Riyadh
Riyadh (, ar, الرياض, 'ar-Riyāḍ, lit.: 'The Gardens' Najdi pronunciation: ), formerly known as Hajr al-Yamamah, is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the ...
. Riyadh has several business districts. Here business districts are:
*
King Abdullah Financial District
*
King Abdullah Economic City
File:The king Abdullah Financial District..JPG
File:King fahad olaya-road Riyadh.jpg
Hong Kong
Traditionally, the Central Business District "CBD" of Hong Kong is
Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known a ...
, where many multinational
financial services corporations have their headquarters in. Consulates general and consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is
Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters.
In some cases, areas nearby Central (Sheung Wan,
Admiralty
Admiralty most often refers to:
*Admiralty, Hong Kong
*Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964
*The rank of admiral
*Admiralty law
Admiralty can also refer to:
Buildings
* Admiralty, Traf ...
,
Wan Chai and
Causeway Bay
Causeway Bay is an area and a bay on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, straddling the border of the Eastern and the Wan Chai districts. It is a major shopping, leisure and cultural centre in Hong Kong, with a number of major shopping centres. Th ...
) and Quarry Bay (Taikoo place) and
Tsim Sha Tsui are also regarded as major business districts of Hong Kong, while
Kwun Tong in Kowloon East is the CBD2 of Hong Kong.
File:Hong Kong Island Skyline 2009.jpg, Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known a ...
and Admiralty
Admiralty most often refers to:
*Admiralty, Hong Kong
*Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964
*The rank of admiral
*Admiralty law
Admiralty can also refer to:
Buildings
* Admiralty, Traf ...
File:Vista del Puerto de Victoria desde Sky100, Hong Kong, 2013-08-09, DD 10.JPG, Tsim Sha Tsui
File:Wan Chai Overview 2008.jpg, Wan Chai
File:Kwun Tong Dusk View 201407.jpg, Kwun Tong
Singapore
The area commonly called the "CBD" is located within the
Downtown Core, one of the constituent
planning areas of the
Central Area, the country's
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
. Its densest point is centred around
Raffles Place, where most of Singapore's skyscrapers are located. The "CBD" term has also been used at times to refer to the Central Area as a whole.
Singapore's CBD is also the historic heart of the city-state this makes it a mix of a tourist attraction and a business centre. There are many HQs of (international) companies, but also the campus of the
Singapore Management University and numerous historical buildings and museums are located in the CBD.
In the future, the Singaporean government will redevelop
Jurong East into a secondary satellite CBD. The area has also been earmarked as the site of the rail terminus for the
Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail
Kuala is a town and administrative district of Langkat Regency in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. It borders Selesai to the north, Salapian to the west, and Sei Bingai to the south and east. Most people in Kuala are Javanese people, with a signif ...
.
South Africa
South Africa's largest cities, namely
Cape Town
Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
,
Durban
Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...
,
Johannesburg
Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu language, Zulu and xh, eGoli ), colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, or "The City of Gold", is the largest city in South Africa, classified as a Megacity#List of megacities, megacity, and is List of urban areas by p ...
,
Pretoria
Pretoria () is South Africa's administrative capital, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa.
Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothi ...
, and
Port Elizabeth, have CBDs which house the headquarters of many of the country's largest companies as well as
convention centre
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typica ...
s and the respective cities' tallest buildings.
Cape Town is renowned for having South Africa's most iconic skyline (including the famous
Table Mountain) and CBD.
The term CBD is used in formal contexts, such as news reports, however, the term ''town'' is used colloquially.
South Korea
Seoul is made up of three main central business district. The historical area inside the
Fortress Wall of Seoul
The Fortress Wall of Seoul ( Hanja: 서울 漢陽都城; Hangul: 서울 한양도성;), or literally the Seoul City Wall is a series of walls made of stone, wood and other materials, built to protect the city of Seoul against invaders. The wal ...
in the
Jongno and
Jung districts was until the 1980s Seoul's undisputed economic heart, and still retains many corporate headquarters, and is also where most political institutions are located. It is also the most popular area for tourists and is arguably Seoul's main commercial district. While the district has a high density of high rises, the tallest building only reaches a height of 160m (SK Building), due to historic preservation regulation.
The second main district, in the South East part of town, is the
Gangnam District. This area was mostly developed in the 1980s, and is now the most affluent neighborhood in Seoul, and has the greatest concentration of company HQs and offices in Seoul, especially along
Teheran Avenue. It's also a major commercial hub, with
Gangnam Avenue and
Yeondong Avenue (with its
COEX mall) being major thoroughfares. Among the tallest building in Gangnam are the
Tower Palace One
The Samsung Tower Palace is a group of seven towers, lettered A-G. They are located in Dogok-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul and South Korea. They range from 42 to 72 floors, all built between 2002 and 2004, and all used as luxury residential complex ...
(residential complex),
Trade Tower,
Gangnam Finance Center and
Parnas Tower. While technically in
Seocho District, the
Samsung Town is also located in the Gangnam Business District.
Seoul's third business district is the island of
Yeouido
Yeouido ( Hangul: 여의도, en, Yoi Island or Yeoui Island) is a large island (or eyot) on the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. It is Seoul's main finance and investment banking district. Its 8.4 square kilometers are home to some 30,988 peopl ...
, located in the central part of the city, in the
Yeongdeungpo District. Yeouido was initially developed in the 1970s, but since the 1990s, it has become Seoul's financial centre. While smaller in size that the other business districts, it has some of Seoul's tallest skyscrapers, including
Parc1 Tower
Parc 1 is a complex of buildings in Yeouido, Seoul, South Korea. It stands and contain 69 floors. Construction stopped in 2011 but resumed in early 2017.
History
Parc1 is a US$1.5-billion shopping/hotel/office complex realized by Skylan Prope ...
,
International Finance Center Seoul and the
63 Building
The 63 Building ( ko, 63빌딩), officially called 63 SQUARE (formerly Hanwha 63 City), is a skyscraper on Yeouido island, overlooking the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. At 249 meters (817 ft) high, it was the tallest building outside No ...
. Apart from finance, Yeouido is also the location for the
National Assembly of South Korea
The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, often shortened to the National Assembly in domestic English-language media, is the unicameral national legislature of South Korea. Elections to the National Assembly are held every four years ...
, and also hosts many media companies and political institutions.
Seoul being a multi-central city, there are also a few other areas which have become important business districts in the past decades, such as the
Jamsil area, with its 555-meter tall
Lotte World Tower,
Guro Digital Complex,
Gasan Digital Complex, the
Magok Business District, the
Sangam Digital Media City, the
Munjeong Administrative Town or along
Mapo Avenue. Lastly, the area near
Yongsan Station, including the proposed
Yongsan International Business District has the potential to become another major commercial district, in synergy with nearby
Yeouido
Yeouido ( Hangul: 여의도, en, Yoi Island or Yeoui Island) is a large island (or eyot) on the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. It is Seoul's main finance and investment banking district. Its 8.4 square kilometers are home to some 30,988 peopl ...
.
In Busan, South Korea's second largest city, the central business district is located along the main Jungang Avenue axis, starting around the commercial area of
Seomyeon Station, then South to the
Busan International Finance Center
Busan International Finance Center(BIFC) ( ko, 부산국제금융센터) is a skyscraper in Busan, South Korea. The building's construction started in 2011 and finished in 2014. It has 63 floors. The building was developed by Busan Metropolitan ...
in
Munhyeon-dong, the area near
Busan Station and in
Jungang-dong where many corporate offices are located. Recently, a second major business district has emerged in
Centum City
Centum City () is a major multi-project urban development part of Haeundae-gu, Busan, South Korea. It is also one of CBDs in Busan Metropolitan City. This site is at the westernmost area of Haeundae-gu in U-1-dong, Jae-song-dong. The site was ori ...
, in the
Haeundae District.
File:Yoon Dongju 19 (7869936998).jpg, Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...
( Jongno)
File:Seoul Tower View.jpg, Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...
( Gangnam)
File:Yeouido, Seoul.jpg, Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the Capital city, capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the North Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ...
(Yeouido
Yeouido ( Hangul: 여의도, en, Yoi Island or Yeoui Island) is a large island (or eyot) on the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. It is Seoul's main finance and investment banking district. Its 8.4 square kilometers are home to some 30,988 peopl ...
)
File:Busan Haeundae Centum City.jpg, Busan
Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea ...
( Haeundae)
File:BusanMunHyeon-dong.jpg, Busan
Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea ...
( Seomyeon)
Spain
File:AZCA.c.m.2.jpg, AZCA and CTBA business districts in Madrid
File:Central business district of Barcelona (2).JPG, 22@
22@ (read ca, vint-i-dos arrova ), also known as 22@Barcelona and Districte de la innovació (''innovation district'') is the corporative name given to an urban renewal area in Barcelona's formerly industrial area of Poblenou, in the district ...
district in Barcelona
File:Valencia XXI.jpg, business district in Valencia
The biggest central business districts of Spain are located in the country's capital,
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
. The
Paseo de la Castellana holds the city's main business districts: the
Gate of Europe,
AZCA and
CTBA. AZCA is super block near
Real Madrid's stadium
Santiago Bernabéu. It used to be the country's main business area during the 1980s and 1990s, when most of its skyscrapers were built. The tallest building of AZCA is the
Torre Picasso, a 158-tower designed by the
World Trade Center's architect, and contains the main offices in Spain of
Google
Google LLC () is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company focusing on Search Engine, search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, software, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, ar ...
and
Deloitte
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (), commonly referred to as Deloitte, is an international professional services network headquartered in London, England. Deloitte is the largest professional services network by revenue and number of professio ...
. The Gate of Europe consists of two twin towers, which hold Spanish bank
Bankia and real state company Realia. Just a few blocks north is the CTBA, a complex of four skyscrapers which are the tallest in Spain. Architects such as
Norman Foster,
Ieoh Ming Pei and
Cesar Pelli have designed its towers, which were completed in 2008. The tallest building, the
Torre de Cristal
The Torre de Cristal ( Spanish for Glass Tower) is a skyscraper in the Cuatro Torres Business Area (CTBA) in Madrid, Spain, completed in 2008. With a final height of , it surpassed Torre Emperador as the tallest building in Spain, and is the ...
, is the fourth tallest building is
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context.
The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
, with a height of . The complex is home to offices from well known companies such as
KPMG
KPMG International Limited (or simply KPMG) is a multinational professional services network, and one of the Big Four accounting organizations.
Headquartered in Amstelveen, Netherlands, although incorporated in London, England, KPMG is a net ...
,
Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. Originally marketed as a temperance bar, temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pembe ...
,
Volkswagen
Volkswagen (),English: , . abbreviated as VW (), is a German Automotive industry, motor vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front under the Nazi Party and revived into a ...
,
Bankia,
Cepsa,
Pwc
PricewaterhouseCoopers is an international professional services brand of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand. It is the second-largest professional services network in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounti ...
,
OHL and holds the embassies of the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, as well as a 5-star hotel from
Eurostars. A fifth tower is currently being built and will have the campus of the
Instituto de Empresa
IE Business School is a graduate and undergraduate school of business, located in Madrid, Spain, European Union, Europe. It was founded in 1973 under the name Instituto de Empresa and since 2009 is part of IE University. IE Business School runs ...
university.
In
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
, the
22@
22@ (read ca, vint-i-dos arrova ), also known as 22@Barcelona and Districte de la innovació (''innovation district'') is the corporative name given to an urban renewal area in Barcelona's formerly industrial area of Poblenou, in the district ...
,
Gran Via, and
Granvia l'Hospitalet are the main business districts. Despite the fact that the Catalan capital does not have a reputation for skyscrapers and financial hubs, in recent years it has attracted several media and technology companies such as
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washi ...
and
Yahoo!. In 2005, the
Torre Agbar, designed by French architect
Jean Nouvel, became the third-tallest building in the city with a height of . The building soon became a symbol of Barcelona and was going to become a
Hyatt hotel. However, the tower is still empty due to administrative problems.
Taiwan
File:Taipei Skyline 2022.06.29.jpg, Taipei's CBD skyline, with Taipei 101 in the background( Xinyi Special District).
File:2019 Wugu Interchange of Freeway 1 (Taiwan).jpg, Xinzhuang Sub-city Center
Xinzhuang Sub-city Center ( zh, 新莊副都心) is a national-level rezoning area located on the west side of New Taipei City and the north side of Xinzhuang District. With a total area of about 100 hectares, Xinzhuang Sub-city Center was desig ...
with Sanchong and Wugu
File:New_Taipei_Skyline_2018.jpg, Xinban Special District
Xinban Special District ( zh, 新板特區), also known as New Banqiao Station Special Zone, is located in Banqiao District, New Taipei, Taiwan. The total area of Xinban Special District is 54 hectares. It was designed in the 1990s and develope ...
, Banqiao, New Taipei
File:Taichung skyline.png, Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone is the main CBD of Taichung
Taichung (, Wade–Giles: ''Tʻai²-chung¹'', pinyin: ''Táizhōng''), officially Taichung City, is a special municipality located in central Taiwan. Taichung has approximately 2.8 million residents and is the second most populous city of T ...
.
File:Downtown Kaohsiung Skyline 20211017.jpg, Kaohsiung ( Asia New Bay Area)
In Taiwan, even though the term "city centre" () is often used, a different commercial district outside of the historic core can actually be typically called a "CBD" (), "Financial District" (), or "Yolk area" (), all of which are frequently used terms. There are many central business districts located in the country of
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...
.
In
Taipei, the capital city of
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...
, the area around its
main railway station
Central stations or central railway stations emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as railway stations that had initially been built on the edge of city centres were enveloped by urban expansion and became an integral part of the ...
, i.e.
Zhongzheng District
Zhongzheng District (also Jhongjheng District) is a district in Taipei. It is home to most of the national government buildings of the Republic of China (Taiwan), including the Presidential Office, the Executive Yuan, the Control Yuan, the ...
is regarded as its historic city centre. It is home to most of the national government buildings of the
Republic of China (Taiwan), including the
Presidential Office, the
Executive Yuan, the
Control Yuan
The Control Yuan is the supervisory and auditory branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Prior to constitutional reforms in the 1990s, the Control Yuan, along with National Assembly (electoral college) and the Legislat ...
, the
Legislative Yuan, the
Judicial Yuan and various government ministries. It has the first skyscraper in Taipei,
The second main district, in the central part of city, is the
Xinyi Special District. This area was mostly developed in the 1990s, and has emerged to become Taipei's financial, political, and commercial centre, with the greatest concentration of company HQs and offices in Taipei, and being the foremost shopping area. It is the location of Taipei's tallest skyscrapers, including the -tall
Taipei 101,
Taipei Nan Shan Plaza and
Fubon Xinyi A25
The Fubon Xinyi A25 () is an under-construction skyscraper located in Xinyi Special District, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. It will be the sixth-tallest building in Taiwan and the fourth-tallest in Xinyi Special District. Designed by Renzo P ...
.
Taipei's third business district is
Nangang District, which is located in the southeastern part of the city. Nangang was initially developed in the 2000s and is the seat of the
Academia Sinica,
Taipei World Trade Center Nangang Exhibition Hall
Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center (), also known as TWTC Nangang Exhibition Hall or TaiNEX, is a superimposed purpose-built exhibition complex in Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan. It consists of two exhibition halls and is located to the northeast ...
, and
Nankang Software Park
The Nankang Software Park (NKSP; ) is located in the 87-hectare Nangang Trade and Economic Park, Taipei, Taiwan.
Location
The Nankang Software Park is located on east side of Taipei City. The park is accessible by three highways, one expressway, ...
(NKSP).
Greater Taipei being a multi-central
metropolitan area
A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually ...
, there are also a few other areas which have become important business districts in the past decades, such as
Daan District,
Banqiao District and
Neihu District. Lastly,
Xinzhuang Sub-city Center
Xinzhuang Sub-city Center ( zh, 新莊副都心) is a national-level rezoning area located on the west side of New Taipei City and the north side of Xinzhuang District. With a total area of about 100 hectares, Xinzhuang Sub-city Center was desig ...
has the potential to become another major commercial district, in synergy with nearby
Sanchong District and
Wugu District.
In
Taichung
Taichung (, Wade–Giles: ''Tʻai²-chung¹'', pinyin: ''Táizhōng''), officially Taichung City, is a special municipality located in central Taiwan. Taichung has approximately 2.8 million residents and is the second most populous city of T ...
, Taiwan's second largest city, the central business district is located in
Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone. It features broad and widely spaced boulevards, attractive apartments, department stores, and office towers, which are brightly lit at night.
In Kaohsiung, Taiwan's harbor city, the central business district is located in
Asia New Bay Area, which is home to the city's tallest skyscrapers -
85 Sky Tower and
Farglory THE ONE and the largest sea port in Taiwan -
Port of Kaohsiung.
Turkey
Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...
became the capital of Turkey in the 1920s. Istanbul has remained the main economic centre of the country up to this day. Ankara is called as "officer city". Currently, a Central Business District is planned in an area of 262 hectares
in Varlık,
Altındağ.colo
See also
*
Business improvement district
*
City centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
*
Downtown
*
List of central business districts
*
Main Street
References
{{Authority control
City
Neighbourhoods