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The State Council,
constitutionally A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princip ...
synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
. It is chaired by the
premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ...
and includes each cabinet-level executive department's executive chief. Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councilors (of whom three are also ministers and one is also the secretary-general), and 26 in charge of the Council's constituent departments. The State Council directly oversees provincial-level People's Governments, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the CCP. Aside from very few non-CCP ministers, members of the State Council are also members of the CCP's
Central Committee Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party organizations, the ...
.


Organization

The State Council meets every six months. Between meetings it is guided by a (Executive Meeting) that meets weekly. The standing committee includes the premier, one executive vice premier, three vice premiers, and five other state councillors (normally one of whom serves as
Secretary-General of the State Council The Secretary-General of the State Council () is an executive position within the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It ranks below the Premier and above the Ministers of various ministries and departments. The equivalent position in ...
, and two of whom concurrently serve as ministers). The vice-premiers and state councillors are nominated by the premier, and appointed by the president with
National People's Congress The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPC; ), or simply the National People's Congress, is constitutionally the supreme state authority and the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. With 2,9 ...
' (NPC) approval. Incumbents may serve two successive five-year terms. Each vice premier oversees certain areas of administration. Each State Councillor performs duties as designated by the Premier. The secretary-general heads the General Office which handles the day-to-day work of the State Council. The secretary-general has relatively little power and should not be confused with the
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount lead ...
. Each ministry supervises one sector. Commissions outrank ministries and set policies for and coordinate the related activities of different administrative organs. Offices deal with matters of ongoing concern. Bureaus and administrations rank below ministries. In addition to the 25 ministries, there are 38 centrally administered government organizations that report directly to the state council. The heads of these organizations attend full meetings of the state committee on an irregular basis. In practice, the vice premiers and State Councillors assume responsibility for one or more sectors or issues, and remain in contact with the various bodies responsible for policy related to that area. This allows the Standing Committee to oversee a wide range of government functions. The State Council, like all other governmental bodies, is nominally responsible to the NPC and its
Standing Committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly. A committee is not itself considered to be a form of assembly. Usually, the assembly sends matters into a committee as a way to explore them more ...
in conducting a wide range of government functions both at the national and at the local levels, and nominally acts by virtue of the NPC's authority. In practice, however, the NPC had historically done little more than ratify decisions already made by the State Council. More recently, however, the NPC has taken on a more independent role. There has been at least one case where the NPC has outright rejected an initiative of the State Council and a few cases where the State Council has withdrawn or greatly modified a proposal in response to NPC opposition. The State Council and the CCP are also tightly interlocked. With rare exceptions, State Councillors are high-ranking members of the CCP. Although, as Party members, they are supposed to follow Party instructions, because they tend to be senior members of the Party they also have substantial influence over what those instructions are. This results in a system which is unlike the Soviet practice in which the Party effectively controlled the State. Rather, the Party and State are fused at this level of government. The members of the State Council derive their authority from being members of the state, while as members of the Party they coordinate their activities and determine key decisions such as the naming of personnel. There were attempts to separate the party and state in the late 1980s under
Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. Aft ...
and
Zhao Ziyang Zhao Ziyang ( zh, 赵紫阳; pronounced , 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician. He was the third premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 19 ...
and have the Party in charge of formulating policy and the State Council executing policy, but these efforts were largely abandoned in the early 1990s. As the chief administrative organ of government, its main functions are to formulate administrative measures, issue decisions and orders, and monitor their implementation; draft legislative bills for submission to the NPC or its Standing Committee; and prepare the economic plan and the state budget for deliberation and approval by the NPC. The State Council is the functional center of state power and clearinghouse for government initiatives at all levels. With the government's emphasis on economic modernization, the State Council clearly acquired additional importance and influence. The State Council controls the Ministry for National Defense but does not control the People's Liberation Army, which is instead controlled by the Central Military Commission.


Members


Executive Meeting


Plenary Meeting

The Plenary Meeting of State Council is hosted by the Premier, joined by Vice Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of Ministries and Commissions, the Governor of the People's Bank, the Auditor-General, and the Secretary General. It usually runs bi-annually and when necessary, non-members can be invited to participate.


Organizational structure


General Office of the State Council

*
Secretary-General of the State Council The Secretary-General of the State Council () is an executive position within the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It ranks below the Premier and above the Ministers of various ministries and departments. The equivalent position in ...
** Deputy Secretaries-General of the State Council


Constituent Departments of the State Council (cabinet-level)


Special Organization directly under the State Council

; Ministry-level *
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC) is a special commission of the People's Republic of China, directly under the State Council. It was founded in 2003 through the consolidation of vario ...
(SASAC) (), established in 2003


Organizations directly under the State Council

; Ministry-level # General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China () #
State Administration of Taxation The State Taxation Administration (STA, Chinese: 国家税务总局) is a ministerial-level department within the government of the People's Republic of China. It is under the direction of the State Council, and is responsible for the collectio ...
() # State Administration for Market Regulation () #
National Radio and Television Administration The National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) is a ministry-level executive agency controlled by the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its main task is the administration and supervision of state-owned enterpr ...
() # General Administration of Sport () # Counsellors' Office of the State Council () ; ''Names reserved (formerly ministry-level)'' * National Press and Publication Administration (), additional name " National Copyright Administration" (), both names reserved by the CCP Central Propaganda Department ; Sub-ministry-level # National Bureau of Statistics () # China International Development Cooperation Agency () #
National Healthcare Security Administration The Nation Healthcare Security Administration (), abbreviated as NHSA () is a sub-ministry-level government agency directly under the State Council of the People's Republic of China The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the C ...
() # National Government Offices Administration (), formerly the "Government Offices Administration of the State Council" () ; ''Names reserved (formerly sub-ministry-level)'' * National Religious Affairs Administration (), a name reserved by the CCP Central United Front Work Department


Administrative Offices of the State Council

; Ministry-level # Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council () #
State Council Research Office State Council Research Office () is the administrative office within the State Council of the People's Republic of China in charge of formulating policy, conducting research, policy recommendations and consultation on strategic, organizational, ser ...
() ; ''Names reserved (formerly ministry-level)'' *
Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council Overseas may refer to: * ''Overseas'' (album), a 1957 album by pianist Tommy Flanagan and his trio *Overseas (band), an American indie rock band * "Overseas" (song), a 2018 song by American rappers Desiigner and Lil Pump * "Overseas" (Tee Grizzley ...
(), a name reserved by the CCP Central United Front Work Department * Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council (), under the CCP Central Committee *
Cyberspace Administration of China The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC; ) is the central internet regulator, censor, oversight, and control agency for the People's Republic of China. The office also holds the administrative title of the party's Office of the Central C ...
(), under the CCP Central Committee *
State Council Information Office The State Council Information Office (SCIO; ) is the chief information office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. In 2014, SCIO was absorbed into the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Histor ...
(), a name reserved by the CCP Central Publicity Department


Institutions directly under the State Council

; Ministry-level #
Xinhua News Agency Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: )J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English, or New China News Agency, is the official state news agency of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua ...
(), administered by the CCP Central Publicity Department #
Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); ), known by Academia Sinica in English until the 1980s, is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for natural sciences. It has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republi ...
() #
Chinese Academy of Engineering The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE, ) is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for engineering. It was established in 1994 and is an institution of the State Council of China. The CAE and the Chinese Academy of Sciences ...
() #
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a Chinese research institute and think tank. The institution is the premier comprehensive national academic research organization in the People's Republic of China for the study in the fields of ...
() #
Development Research Center of the State Council Development Research Center (DRC; Chinese: 国务院发展研究中心 Hanyu Pinyin: Guówùyuàn Fāzhǎn Yánjiū Zhōngxīn) of the State Council of China is a public institution responsible for policy research, strategic review and consulting ...
() #
China Media Group China Media Group (Chinese: 中央广播电视总台; lit. Central Radio-Television General Station) also known as Voice of China, is the predominant state media company by means of radio and television broadcasting in the People's Republic ...
(), administered by the CCP Central Publicity Department # China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission () #
China Securities Regulatory Commission The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) is a government ministry of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the main regulator of the securities industry in China. History China's first Securities Law was ...
() ; ''Names reserved (formerly ministry-level)'' *
Chinese Academy of Governance The Chinese Academy of Governance (), usually mentioned as the China National School of Administration by media, was a public administration academy for middle and senior government officials in China from 1994 to 2018. The academy was located at ...
(), a name reserved by the CCP Central Party School ; Sub-ministry-level #
China Meteorological Administration The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is the national weather service of the People's Republic of China. The institution is located in Beijing. History The agency was originally established in December 1949 as the Central Military Comm ...
()


National Administrations administrated by ministry-level agencies

; Sub-ministry-level # National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration ( 国家信访局), administrated by the
State Council General Office General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China () is an administrative agency of the State Council which assists the leaders with the day to day administrative operations of the Chinese government. It is also known as Sta ...
#
National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...
( 国家粮食和物资储备局), administrated by the
National Development and Reform Commission The National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China (NDRC), formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the State Council, which has b ...
#
National Energy Administration The National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China (NDRC), formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the State Council, which has b ...
(), administrated by the National Development and Reform Commission # State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (), administrated by the
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the Chinese government, established in March 2008, is the state agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireles ...
#
State Tobacco Monopoly Administration The State Tobacco Monopoly Administration () or China National Tobacco Corporation ( commonly known as China Tobacco, CNTC) () is a Chinese government agency responsible for tobacco regulation and a state-owned manufacturer of tobacco products, ...
() (officially sharing its office with
China National Tobacco Corporation The State Tobacco Monopoly Administration () or China National Tobacco Corporation ( commonly known as China Tobacco, CNTC) () is a Chinese government agency responsible for tobacco regulation and a state-owned manufacturer of tobacco products, ...
), administrated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology # National Immigration Administration (), additional name " Exit and Entry Administration" () for Mainland-Hong Kong-Macau-Taiwan border control, administrated by the Ministry of Public Security # National Forestry and Grassland Administration (), additional name " National Park Administration" (), administrated by the
Ministry of Natural Resources An environmental ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for the environment and/or natural resources. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of the Environment, ...
# National Railway Administration (), administrated by the
Ministry of Transport A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government ...
#
Civil Aviation Administration of China The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC; ) is the Chinese civil aviation authority under the Ministry of Transport. It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents. As the aviation authority responsible f ...
(CAAC) (), administrated by the Ministry of Transport #
State Post Bureau The State Post Bureau is the government agency that regulates China Post, the postal service of the People's Republic of China. The agency used to report to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and is now under the administratio ...
(), administrated by the Ministry of Transport, officially sharing its office with China Post Group Corporation # National Administration for Rural Revitalization () (established on 25 February 2021), administrated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs # National Cultural Heritage Administration (), administrated by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism #
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine () is a state administration of the People's Republic of China under the jurisdiction of the National Health Commission (formerly the National Health and Family Planning Commission), respo ...
(), administrated by the
National Health Commission The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China is a cabinet-level executive department of the State Council which is responsible for formulating national health policies. It was formed on 19 March 2018. The ministry is headq ...
# National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention () (established on 13 May 2021), administrated by the National Health Commission # National Mine Safety Administration ( 国家矿山安全监察局), administrated by the Ministry of Emergency Management #
State Administration of Foreign Exchange The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) of the People's Republic of China is an administrative agency under the State Council tasked with drafting rules and regulations governing foreign exchange market activities, and managing the ...
(), administrated by the
People's Bank of China The People's Bank of China (officially PBC or informally PBOC; ) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China, responsible for carrying out monetary policy and regulation of financial institutions in mainland China, as determined by ...
# National Medical Products Administration (), formerly China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (), now administrated by the State Administration for Market Regulation #
National Intellectual Property Administration The China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA; ), also known as the Chinese Patent Office, is the patent office of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was founded in 1980 as the Patent Office of the People's Republic of Ch ...
(), administrated by the State Administration for Market Regulation ; ''Names reserved (formerly sub-ministry-level)'' #
National Civil Service Administration National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...
( 国家公务员局), reserved by the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party # National Archives Administration (), ''i.e.'' the Central Archives () (of the CCP), under the General Office of the CCP Central Committee #
National Administration of State Secrets Protection The National Administration of State Secret Protection (NASSP; ) of the People's Republic of China is an institution of the State Council of the People's Republic of China that is responsible for the protection of classified information. The nam ...
(), ''i.e.'' the Office of the
Central Secrecy Commission Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
() (of the CCP), under the General Office of the CCP Central Committee # National Cryptography Administration ( 国家密码管理局), ''i.e.'' the Office of the Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work () (of the CCP), under the General Office of the CCP Central Committee # State Language Commission ( 国家语言文字工作委员会), reserved by the
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
# State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (), reserved by the Ministry of Science and Technology #
China National Space Administration China National Space Administration (CNSA; ) is the government agency of the People's Republic of China that is responsible for civil space administration and international space cooperation, including organizing or leading foreign exchanges ...
(), reserved by the
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the Chinese government, established in March 2008, is the state agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireles ...
#
China Atomic Energy Authority China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA; ) is the regulatory agency that oversees the development of nuclear energy in the People's Republic of China. History The agency was created out of the regulatory functions department of the China National N ...
(), reserved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology #
State Oceanic Administration The State Oceanic Administration (SOA; ) was an administrative agency subordinate to the Ministry of Land and Resources, responsible for the supervision and management of sea area in the People's Republic of China and coastal environmental pro ...
(), reserved by the Ministry of Natural Resources #
National Nuclear Safety Administration National Nuclear Safety Administration () or NNSA is a central government agency responsible for regulating nuclear safety, supervision on all civilian nuclear infrastructure in China. It also inspects nuclear safety activities and regulate the ...
( 国家核安全局), reserved by the
Ministry of Ecology and Environment The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, formerly the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, and prior to 2008 known as the State Environmental Protection Administration, is a department of the State Council of t ...
# Certification and Accreditation Administration ( 国家认证认可监督管理委员会), reserved by the State Administration of Market Regulation # Standardization Administration (), reserved by the State Administration of Market Regulation


Interdepartmental coordinating agencies

* National Defense Mobilization Commission (NDMC; ), established in 1994 * National Energy Commission (NEC; ), established in 2010 * Financial Stability and Development Committee (FSDC; ), established in 2017 and many more...


Agencies dispatched by the State Council

; Ministry-level #
Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (; abbr. LOCPG or 香港中聯辦) is the agency that represents the Chinese Central People's Government in Hong Kong. It replaced the New Ch ...
(), established on 18 January 2000. # Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region (), established on 18 January 2000. ; Sub-ministry-level # Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (), established on 1 July 2020.


See also

*
Department of State Affairs The Shangshu Sheng (), sometimes translated as the Department of State Affairs or the Imperial Secretariat, was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure. It was the primary executive institution of ...
in the
Three Departments and Six Ministries The Three Departments and Six Ministries () system was the primary administrative structure in imperial China from the Sui dynasty (581–618) to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It was also used by Balhae (698–926) and Goryeo (918–1392) a ...
system *
Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
: Central Secretariat
Grand Secretariat The Grand Secretariat (; Manchu: ''dorgi yamun'') was nominally a coordinating agency but ''de facto'' the highest institution in the imperial government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It first took shape after the Hongwu Emperor abolished the o ...
*
Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
:
Grand Secretariat The Grand Secretariat (; Manchu: ''dorgi yamun'') was nominally a coordinating agency but ''de facto'' the highest institution in the imperial government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It first took shape after the Hongwu Emperor abolished the o ...
Grand Council
Cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filin ...
*
Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeas ...
: State Council (1912–28) →
Executive Yuan The Executive Yuan () is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Its leader is the Premier, who is appointed by the President of the Republic of China, and requires confirmation by the Legislative Yuan. ...
(1928–present) *
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
: Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–54); Ministries of the PRC


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:State Council Of The People's Republic Of China China, People's Republic of, State Council Government agencies established in 1954 1954 establishments in China