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Cavite City, officially the City of Cavite ( fil, Lungsod ng Kabite, Spanish and cbk, Ciudad de Cavite), is a 4th class component city in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,674 people. The city was the capital of Cavite province from the latter's establishment in 1614 until 1954, when it was transferred to the newly created city of
Trece Martires Trece Martires, officially the City of Trece Martires ( fil, Lungsod ng Trece Martires), is a 4th class component city and '' de facto'' capital city of the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population ...
near the center of the province. It was started as the small port town of Cavite Puerto that prospered during the early
Spanish colonial period Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain ** Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries ** Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, C ...
when it became the main seaport of Manila hosting the
Manila-Acapulco galleon trade fil, Galyon ng Maynila , english_name = Manila Galleon , duration = From 1565 to 1815 (250 years) , venue = Between Manila and Acapulco , location = New Spain (Spanish Empire) ...
and the port used for other heavy and larger sea-bound ships. Thereafter, San Roque and La Caridad, two former independent towns of Cavite province, were later added to form one municipality. The present larger Cavite City now includes the communities of San Antonio (includes Cañacao and Sangley Point),De la Rosa, Joy (2007–09)
"About Cavite City"
Cavite City Library and Museum. Retrieved on October 19, 2014.
the southern districts of Santa Cruz and Dalahican, and the outlying islands of the province, including the historic Corregidor Island.


History


Etymology

The city has been known by at least two
Tagalog Tagalog may refer to: Language * Tagalog language, a language spoken in the Philippines ** Old Tagalog, an archaic form of the language ** Batangas Tagalog, a dialect of the language * Tagalog script, the writing system historically used for Taga ...
names, the first being ''Tangway'', which was the name given to the area by
Tagalog Tagalog may refer to: Language * Tagalog language, a language spoken in the Philippines ** Old Tagalog, an archaic form of the language ** Batangas Tagalog, a dialect of the language * Tagalog script, the writing system historically used for Taga ...
settlers. ''Tangway'' simply means "peninsula". The second is ''Kawit'' or "hook", referring to the hook-shaped landform along the coast of
Bacoor Bay Bacoor Bay is a large inlet of southeastern Manila Bay, situated within the province of Cavite in the Philippines. Geography Bacoor Bay lies along the shoreline of southeastern Cavite Peninsula. Cavite City and Bacoor are along sections of its ...
, and from which the Chinese ''Keit'' and Spanish ''Cavite'' are in turn derived.


Pre-Hispanic era

The early inhabitants of Cavite City were the
Tagalogs The Tagalog people ( tl, Mga Tagalog; Baybayin: ᜋᜅ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines, numbering at around 30 million. An Austronesian people, the Tagalog have a well developed society due to their cu ...
ruled by the Kampilan and the bullhorn of a datu, the tribal form of government. According to folklore, the earliest settlers came from
Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and e ...
, led by Gat Hinigiw and his wife Dayang Kaliwanag who bore seven children. Archaeological evidences in the coastal areas show prehistoric settlements.


Spanish colonial period

On May 16, 1571, the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi declared the region a royal encomienda, or royal land grant. Spanish colonizers settled in the most populated area of the place (present day Kawit), they called it Cavite. The old ''Tangway'' at the tip of the
Cavite Peninsula The Cavite Peninsula is a peninsula extending northeast into Manila Bay from the coastal town of Noveleta in Cavite province in the Philippines. The northern tip of the peninsula is geographically the northernmost part of the Province of Cavite. ...
, across Bacoor Bay was referred to as ''Cavite la Punta'' meaning "Point of Cavite" or Cavite Point. Upon discovering that because of its deep waters, Cavite la Punta was a suitable place for the repair and construction of Spanish ships and
galleon Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch ...
, the Spanish moved their settlement there and called it ''Cavite Nuevo'' (New Cavite) or plainly ''Cavite'', while the first settlement was renamed "Cavite Viejo" (and in the early 20th century, regained its former name, Kawit). In 1590, the Spaniards fortified ''Cavite Nuevo'' with a ''muralla'' (high thick curtain walls) on its western, northern and eastern side while the side fronting Bacoor Bay remained open. Fort Guadalupe on the easternmost tip was also built at the same time, and the town became the ''Puerto de Cavite'' (Port of Cavite) or ''Cavite Puerto''. The Fort of San Felipe Neri and Porta Vaga gate were constructed in 1595 and completed in 1602. Puerta Vaga (corrupted to Porta Vaga) was the port city's
barbican A barbican (from fro, barbacane) is a fortified outpost or fortified gateway, such as at an outer defense perimeter of a city or castle, or any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defensive purposes. Europe In the Middle A ...
western and only principal entrance from San Roque. It was flanked by the western wall protected by two bastions at its north and southern end. The wall and gate were also separated from the mainland by a moat, which also made the town like an island. Cavite was officially founded as a town in 1614 with Tomás Salazar as the earliest known ''gobernadorcillo'' recorded. At the same time, the town became the capital of the new politico-military province of Cavite, established also in 1614. Like some other provinces during the Spanish era, the province adapted the name of its capital town .g.,_Bulacan,_Bulacan;_Tayabas.html" ;"title="Bulacan,_Bulacan.html" ;"title=".g., Bulacan, Bulacan">.g., Bulacan, Bulacan; Tayabas">Bulacan,_Bulacan.html" ;"title=".g., Bulacan, Bulacan">.g., Bulacan, Bulacan; Tayabas, Tayabas (now Quezon province); Tarlac, Tarlac;
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
, Manila province ; Balayan, Batangas, Balayan, Balayan Province (now Batangas); Taal, Batangas, Taal, Taal (now Batangas); and the present Batangas, Batangas]. San Roque was founded as a separate town also in 1614. At 1663, during the Spanish evacuation of Ternate, Indonesia, the 200 families of mixed Mexican-Filipino-Spanish and Papuan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent who had ruled over the Christianized
Sultanate of Ternate The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi alphabet: كسلطانن ترنتاي), previously also known as the Kingdom of Gapi is one of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Indonesia besides Tidore, Jailolo, and Bacan. The Ternate kingdom was established by ...
and included their Sultan who converted, were relocated to Ternate, Cavite plus Ermita, Manila and San Roque, Cavite. It was placed under the civil administration of Cavite Puerto until it was granted a right to be a separate and an independent municipality in 1720. La Caridad, formerly known as La Estanzuela of San Roque, separated and was founded as town in 1868. The Spanish Governor General Jose de la Gardana granted the petition of the people led by Don Justo Miranda to make barrio La Estanzuela an independent town.


City of churches

As the town was progressing, it also became a cosmopolitan town that attracted the different religious orders to set up churches, convents and hospitals within the limited confines of the fortified town. The
Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...
''Hospital de San Jose'' (Saint Joseph Hospital) was built for sailors and soldiers in 1591, the San Diego de Alcala convent in 1608, the Porta Vaga (La Ermita), Our Lady of Loreto ( Jesuit), San Juan de Dios ( St. John of God), Santo Domingo ( Dominicans), Santa Monica ( Recollects), and San Pedro, the port's parish church. At the most, the fortified town enclosed eight churches, the Jesuit college of San Ildefonso, public buildings and residences, which served the needs of its population of natives, soldiers and workers at the port, transients and passengers on board the galleons.Muog (January 28, 2008)
"el puerto de cavite/ ribera de cavite • cavite city"
Muog. Retrieved on 2014-10-29.
It was also during those times when it was called "Tierra de Maria Santisima" (Land of Most Holy Mary) because of the popularity of the
Marian devotion Marian devotions are external pious practices directed to the person of Mary, mother of God, by members of certain Christian traditions. They are performed in Catholicism, High Church Lutheranism, Anglo-Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Orien ...
in this place. Plazas and parks were evidence of importance, Plaza de Armas across from San Felipe Fort, Plaza de San Pedro across from the church and Plaza Soledad across from Porta Vaga, Plaza del Reparo was at the bayside.


Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade

The Port of Cavite ''(Puerto de Cavite)'' was linked to the history of world trade. Spanish galleons sailed every July to Acapulco (Mexico) while another ship sailed from Acapulco to Cavite. Galleons and other heavy ocean-going ships were not able to enter the Port of Manila along Pasig River because of a sand bar that limits entrance to the river port only to light ships. For this reason, the Port of Cavite was regarded as the Port of Manila, the main seaport of the capital city. At the height of the
Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade fil, Galyon ng Maynila , english_name = Manila Galleon , duration = From 1565 to 1815 (250 years) , venue = Between Manila and Acapulco , location = New Spain (Spanish Empire) ...
, the Port of Cavite was the arrival and departure port of the Spanish galleons that brought many foreign travelers (Mostly Spaniards and Latinos) to its shores. The Port of Cavite was fondly called ''Ciudad de Oro Macizo'' meaning the "City of Solid Gold". The Chinese emperor at one time sent some of his men to this place they called ''Keit'' (Cavite) to search for gold.Blair and Robertson (1904)
"Philippine Islands 1493–1803, Vol. 12, 1601–1604"
pg. 104. Arthu H. Clark Co., Cleveland, OH.
Marilola Perez in her 2015 Thesis "Cavite Chabacano Philippine Creole Spanish: Description and Typology" cites a large number of Mexicans settling in Cavite and spreading to Luzon, integrating into the local population and leading peasant revolts. Mexicans weren't the only Latin Americans in Cavite, as there were also a fair number of other Latin Americans, one such case was the Puerto Rican, Alonso Ramirez, who became a sailor in Cavite, and published the first Latin American novel entitled "Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez" Between 1609 and 1616 the
galleon Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch ...
s ''Espiritu Santo'' and ''San Miguel'' were constructed in the shipyard of the port, called the ''Astillero de Rivera'' (Rivera Shipyard of Cavite), sometimes spelled as ''Ribera.Fish, Shirley (2011)
"The Manila-Acapulco Galleons: The Treasure Ships of the Pacific"
pp. 129–130. AuthorHouse UK, Ltd – Google Books.


San Roque isthmus

The narrow San Roque isthmus or causeway (now M. Valentino Street) connected Cavite Puerto to San Roque town, its only border town. Maps from the 17th century show that this narrow isthmus was wider, as wide as the town itself. Problems with rising water and the encroaching waves that plagued Cavite Puerto since the beginning must have eroded the land into a narrow isthmus.""
Muog. Retrieved on October 30, 2014.


American colonial period

Control over the port was turned over to the Americans by Spain after the Treaty of Paris of 1898 at the turn of the 19th century. At the start of the American era, Cavite Puerto became the seat of the U.S. Naval Forces in the Philippines. It was redesigned to make way for modern ships and armaments. The ruinous historical structures like Fort Guadalupe were demolished, along with most of Fort San Felipe. Local government administration was under the renamed ''Presidentes municipales'' with the direct supervision of the American Army Officers (the first being Colonel Meade). The first Filipino ''Presidentes municipales'' were appointed: Don Zacaria Fortich for Cavite Puerto, Don Francisco Basa for San Roque, and Don Pedro Raqueño Bautista for Caridad. In 1900, the Caviteños tasted their first election under the American regime. They elected in each pueblo or town, local officials called ''Presidente municipal'', ''Vice-Presidente municipal'' and a ''Consejo'' (council) composed of ''Consejales'' (councilors). They elected Don Gregorio Basa as ''Presidente Municipal'' of the town now known as Cavite City. In 1901, the Philippine Commission approved a municipal code as the organic law of all local governments throughout the country. In its implementation in 1903, the three separate pueblos of Cavite Puerto, San Roque and La Caridad were merged into one
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...
, which was called the Municipality of Cavite. By virtue of a legislative act promulgated by the First Philippine Assembly, Cavite was again made the capital of the province. Subsequently, its territory was enlarged to include the district of San Antonio and the island of Corregidor. The Municipality of Cavite functioned as a civil government whose officials consisted of a Presidente Municipal, a Vice-Presidente Municipal and ten Consejales duly elected by the qualified voters of the
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...
. In 1909, Executive Order No. 124, of Governor-General W. Cameron Forbes, declared the Act No. 1748 annexing Corregidor and the islands of Caballo (Fort Hughes), La Monja, El Fraile (Fort Drum), Santa Amalia, Carabao (Fort Frank) and Limbones, as well as all waters and detached rocks surrounding them, to the Municipality of Cavite.


Cityhood

Under the Philippine Commonwealth, Assemblyman Manuel S. Roxas, sponsored Commonwealth Act No. 547 elevating Cavite town to a chartered city. Upon approval into law on September 7, 1940, the executive function of the city was vested in a City Mayor appointed by the President of the Philippine Commonwealth. The legislative body of the City of Cavite was vested on a Municipal Board composed of three electives, two appointive and two ex-officio councilors, the presiding officer of which is the City Mayor.


World War II

On December 10, 1941, two days after an attack that had destroyed American air defenses at Clark Field and three days after the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor is an American lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. It was often visited by the Naval fleet of the United States, before it was acquired from the Hawaiian Kingdom by the U.S. with the signing of the ...
, Japanese Imperial Forces destroyed Cavite Naval Base and bombed Cavite City. Later, after Japan seized the Philippines, Japanese leaders appointed at least two city mayors of Cavite City. The island of Corregidor played an important role during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. The island was the site of two costly sieges and pitched battles—the first during the first months of 1942, and the second in January 1945—between the
Imperial Japanese Army The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emper ...
and the U.S. Army, along with its smaller subsidiary force, the Philippine Army. In 1945 during the fight for the liberation of the country from Japanese hands, the US and Philippine Commonwealth military bombarded the Japanese forces stationed in the city, completely destroying the old historic port city of Cavite. The old walls and the Porta Vaga gate were damaged. Most of the structures were destroyed while some of the church towers remained. The city was littered with bomb craters.Tewell, John (January 29, 2011)
"Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines 1945"
Flickr. Retrieved on 2014-10-20.
After the war, the city's local administration resumed the way it was before the war. The walls, gate and ruins of the old city were later removed. Only the bell tower of the Santa Monica Church of the Recollects and the two bastions of Fort San Felipe remain of the old city.


Transfer of provincial capital

Republic Act No. 981, passed by the
Congress of the Philippines The Congress of the Philippines ( fil, Kongreso ng Pilipinas, italic=unset) is the legislature of the national government of the Philippines. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, although colloquially the ...
in 1954, transferred the capital of the province from Cavite City to the newly established
Trece Martires Trece Martires, officially the City of Trece Martires ( fil, Lungsod ng Trece Martires), is a 4th class component city and '' de facto'' capital city of the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population ...
. Subsequently, the city charter was amended. By virtue of an amendment to the charter of Cavite City, the City Mayor, City Vice Mayor and eight councilors were elected by popular
suffrage Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise, is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to v ...
. The first election of city officials was held in 1963.


Contemporary history

In 1972, Mayor Manuel S. Rojas was assassinated in the nearby town of Bacoor, Cavite.


Reclamation

In the latter part of 1960s or early 1970s, the land adjacent to the San Roque isthmus was reclaimed. The new land is now occupied by the
San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite, commonly referred to by its nickname Bastê-Cavite, is a private, Catholic, coeducational basic and higher education institution run by the Order of Augustinian Recollects in Cavite City, Cavite, P ...
and some residential houses. The present Cavite City Hall is built where the north tower end of the western wall was, which was already partly reclaimed by 1945. Half of the old port city, including Fort San Felipe, is now occupied by Naval Base Cavite and is closed to the public. The old historic core of Cavite is now part of the San Roque district of Cavite City and is referred today as either Fort San Felipe or Porta Vaga. The former location of the Porta Vaga gate, the western wall and its towers are now occupied by the Governor Samonte Park.


Geography

The City of Cavite occupies most of the hook-shaped
Cavite Peninsula The Cavite Peninsula is a peninsula extending northeast into Manila Bay from the coastal town of Noveleta in Cavite province in the Philippines. The northern tip of the peninsula is geographically the northernmost part of the Province of Cavite. ...
that juts into
Manila Bay Manila Bay ( fil, Look ng Maynila) is a natural harbor that serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. Strategically located around the Manila, capital city of the Philippines, Manila Bay facilitated commerce and trade between t ...
. The peninsula is bounded by
Bacoor Bay Bacoor Bay is a large inlet of southeastern Manila Bay, situated within the province of Cavite in the Philippines. Geography Bacoor Bay lies along the shoreline of southeastern Cavite Peninsula. Cavite City and Bacoor are along sections of its ...
to the southeast. The peninsula ends at two tips – Sangley Point and Cavite Point.
Cañacao Bay Cañacao Bay is a small bay located within the larger Manila Bay in Luzon island in the Philippines. It is located along the northeastern end of the Cavite Peninsula and Cavite City, in the Province of Cavite.''Webster's New Geographical Diction ...
is the body of water formed between Sangley Point and Cavite Point. The latter was the location of the old historic Port of Cavite. Both Bacoor and Cañacao Bays are inland bays of the larger Manila Bay. The city's only land border is the Municipality of Noveleta to the south. The city is the northernmost settlement in the Province of Cavite, which lies southwest from
Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
with a direct distance of about but about by road. Sangley Point, the former location of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
Sangley Point Naval Base, is the northernmost part of the city, peninsula and province. The former American military naval base has since been converted into a
Philippine military The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) ( fil, Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) are the military forces of the Philippines. It consists of three main service branches; the Army, the Air Force, and the Navy (including the Marine Corps). The P ...
base. The historic island of Corregidor, the adjacent islands and detached rocks of Caballo, Carabao, El Fraile and La Monja found at the mouth of Manila Bay are part of the city's territorial jurisdiction.


Climate

Cavite city has a tropical wet and dry climate (
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...
Aw), with pronounced dry season from December to April and quite lengthy wet season from May to November that brings abundant rainfall into the city.


Subdivisions

The city proper is divided into five districts: Dalahican, Santa Cruz, Caridad, San Antonio, and San Roque. These districts are further subdivided into eight zones and a total of 84
barangay A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolita ...
s.


Barangays

Cavite City is politically subdivided into 84
barangay A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolita ...
s. * Barangay 1 (Hen. M. Alvarez) * Barangay 2 (Hen. C. Tirona) * Barangay 3 (Hen. E. Aguinaldo) * Barangay 4 (Hen. M. Trias) * Barangay 5 (Hen. E. Evangelista) * Barangay 6 (Diego Silang) * Barangay 7 (Kapitan Kong) * Barangay 8 (Manuel S. Rojas) * Barangay 9 (Kanaway) * Barangay 10-M (Kingfisher) * Barangay 10-A (Kingfisher A) * Barangay 10-B (Kingfisher B) * Barangay 11 (Lawin) * Barangay 12 (Love Bird) * Barangay 13 (Aguila) * Barangay 14 (Loro) * Barangay 15 (Kilyawan) * Barangay 16 (Martines) * Barangay 17 (Kalapati) * Barangay 18 (Maya/Pisces) * Barangay 19 (Gemini) * Barangay 20 (Virgo) * Barangay 21 (Scorpio) * Barangay 22 (Leo) * Barangay 22-A (Leo A) * Barangay 23 (Aquarius) * Barangay 24 (Libra) * Barangay 25 (Capricorn) * Barangay 26 (Cancer) * Barangay 27 (Sagittarius) * Barangay 28 (Taurus) * Barangay 29 (Lao-lao/Aries) * Barangay 29-A (Lao-lao A/Aries A) * Barangay 30 (Bid-bid) * Barangay 31 (Maya-maya) * Barangay 32 (Salay-salay) * Barangay 33 (Buwan-buwan) * Barangay 34 (Lapu-lapu) * Barangay 35 (Hasa-hasa) * Barangay 36 (Sap-Sap) * Barangay 36-A (Sap-sap A) * Barangay 37-M (Cadena de Amor) * Barangay 37-A (Cadena de Amor A) * Barangay 38 (Sampaguita) * Barangay 38-A (Sampaguita A) * Barangay 39 (Jasmin) * Barangay 40 (Gumamela) * Barangay 41 (Rosal) * Barangay 42 (Pinagbuklod) * Barangay 42-A (Pinagbuklod A) * Barangay 42-B (Pinagbuklod B) * Barangay 42-C (Pinagbuklod C) * Barangay 43 (Pinagpala) * Barangay 44 (Maligaya) * Barangay 45 (Kaunlaran) * Barangay 45-A (Kaunlaran A) * Barangay 46 (Sinagtala) * Barangay 47 (Pagkakaisa) * Barangay 47-A (Pagkakaisa A) * Barangay 47-B (Pagkakaisa B) * Barangay 48 (Narra) * Barangay 48-A (Narra A) * Barangay 49 (Akasya) * Barangay 49-A (Akasya A) * Barangay 50 (Kabalyero) * Barangay 51 (Kamagong) * Barangay 52 (Ipil) * Barangay 53 (Yakal) * Barangay 53-A (Yakal A)Air Force * Barangay 53-B (Yakal B)Navy * Barangay 54-A (Pechay A) * Barangay 54-M (Pechay) * Barangay 55 (Ampalaya) * Barangay 56 (Labanos) * Barangay 57 (Repolyo) * Barangay 58 (Patola) * Barangay 58-A (Patola A) * Barangay 59 (Sitaw) * Barangay 60 (Letsugas) * Barangay 61 (Talong; Poblacion) * Barangay 61-A (Talong A; Poblacion) * Barangay 62 (Kangkong; Poblacion) * Barangay 62-A (Kangkong A; Poblacion) * Barangay 62-B (Kangkong B; Poblacion)


Demographics

According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 100,674 people, with a density of .


Religion

According to 2000 census data, Christianity is the most prevalent religion in Cavite City, where a majority of Caviteños practice Roman Catholicism. Other Christian religious groups in the city include the Aglipayan Church, Iglesia ni Cristo (I.N.C), Jehovah's Witnesses, United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP), Jesus Is Lord Church (JIL), The United Methodist Church, Presbyterian Churches, Baptists and Bible Fundamental churches, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Members Church of God International or Ang Dating Daan and other UPC churches. A Muslim minority is also present in the city.


Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga

The Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga (Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga) is the patroness of Cavite City. She is revered by Catholics as the Celestial Guardian and Protector of the entire Province of Cavite since her arrival in Cavite shore. The image of Our Lady of Porta Vaga is designated as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum. This is the oldest existing dated Marian painting in the Philippines. The image of the virgin is painted on a canvas. The virgin is depicted as a lady in mourning. Mary, garbed in black and white attire, seems to be on her knees as she contemplates the passion of her son. Before her are the crown of thorns and the nails instrument of Christ's passion. An inscription was found at the back of the painting – ''A doze de Abril 1692 años Juan Oliba puso esta Stma. Ymagen Haqui'', which means,"The sacred image was placed here by Juan Oliba on April 12, 1692". This particular icon was used to bless the galleon plying between Cavite and Acapulco (Mexico) during formal sending off ceremonies. Thus, she was also called the Patroness of the Galleons. The image was originally enshrined at the ''Ermita de Porta Vaga'', a small church located adjacent to the Porta Vaga gate of Cavite Puerto and was destroyed during the last world war. The image is presently enshrined at the San Roque Parish Church, one of the three parishes in the city.


Languages

Chabacano is a Spanish-influenced
creole language A creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language that develops from the simplifying and mixing of different languages into a new one within a fairly brief period of time: often, a pidgin evolved into a full-fledged language. ...
formerly spoken by majority of the people living in the city of Cavite. Chabacano emerged sometime after the arrival of the first Spaniards and Mexicans in the late 16th century. During this period, the people that lived near the military arsenal in Cavite City put themselves in contact with the Spaniards and Mexicans and began to incorporate in their own dialect many Spanish words, which then gave birth to the creole. Majority of residents today speak
Tagalog Tagalog may refer to: Language * Tagalog language, a language spoken in the Philippines ** Old Tagalog, an archaic form of the language ** Batangas Tagalog, a dialect of the language * Tagalog script, the writing system historically used for Taga ...
. Today, Chabacano is generally considered to be dying with only a fraction of the people, mostly elderly, able to speak the language. According to the Philippine professor, Alfredo B. German who wrote a thesis on the grammar in Chabacano dialect, the present conditions no longer favor the disenrolment of the same one. There are many probable reasons for the diminishing of Chabacano, among these being the massive arrival of
Tagalog Tagalog may refer to: Language * Tagalog language, a language spoken in the Philippines ** Old Tagalog, an archaic form of the language ** Batangas Tagalog, a dialect of the language * Tagalog script, the writing system historically used for Taga ...
-speaking migrants to the city of Cavite, and intermarriage. One of the poets and Philippine writers, Jesus Balmori expressed himself in Chabacano. He was a great admirer of the dialect and wrote several verses in it. Another admirer of this dialect was Don Jaime de Veyra, the illustrious writer and famous Philippine historian, who feared more than all the probable extinction of the Chabacano when he wrote the following prophetic lines, "I am afraid that the inevitable absorption of the "Tagalog invasion" on one side and the invasion of the English on the other hand, will wipe out or extinguish this inherited Castilian language in existence with his last representatives in the following generation." Professor Gervacio Miranda who also wrote a book in Chabacano said in his preface the following thing, "My only objective to write this book is to possibly conserve in written form the Chabacano of Cavite for posterity," fearing the extinction of the dialect.


Economy


Culture


Festivals and events

The city is home to the Annual Cavite City Water Festival or Regada, held every 17th and 24th day of June. It is a festive and religious celebration of the feast of St. John the Baptist. Regada started in 1996 and features the "Paulan" or "Basayawan", which is a street party where celebrators dance under water sprinklers. Another celebration is the Feast for the Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga, which is annually observed by local Catholics during every second Sunday of November. Other notable holidays include the observance of Julián Felipe's birthday (January 28). Felipe, who composed the Philippine National Anthem, was born and raised in Cavite City. The city's Charter Day, known locally as simply Cavite City Day, which commemorates the signing of the city charter in 1940, is held every September 7.


Cuisine

Food in Cavite City is influenced by its Spanish heritage combined with Filipino tradition. One popular native dish is bacalao (sauteed codfish), which is served during the Lenten season. A variation of ''
bibingka ''Bibingka'' (; ) commonly refers to a type of baked rice cake from the Philippines that is traditionally cooked in a terracotta oven lined with banana leaves and is usually eaten for breakfast or as merienda (mid-afternoon snack) especially d ...
'' locally known as ''bibingkang samala'' can also be found in the city. This delicacy is made of glutinous rice (''malagkit''), coconut milk and sugar.


Infrastructure


Transportation

The only road connecting Cavite City to the rest of Luzon is the National Route 62, which begins at P. Burgos Avenue in Caridad district and continues towards Noveleta as the Manila–Cavite Road (not to be confused with Manila-Cavite Expressway). A proposal to construct an expressway from Kawit to Cavite City via Bacoor Bay has been raised to the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). When realized, the expressway would serve as a link to Manila-Cavite Expressway (CAVITEx). Cavite City has one airport, Danilo Atienza Air Base, located at Sangley Point. The airport is operated by the Philippine Air Force. It was formerly a US Naval Base, called Naval Station Sangley Point, until it was turned over to the Philippine government in 1971. There are proposals to convert the base into a civilian airport, as a solution to the overcrowding of
Ninoy Aquino International Airport Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA , ; fil, Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino or ''Pandaigdigang Paliparan ng Ninoy Aquino''; ), originally known and still commonly referred to as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main ...
. As of 2019, no active water-based public transportation services were based in Cavite City. Metrostar Ferry, which began operations in 2007, used to serve trips from San Roque district to Pasay, Metro Manila. A new service from the Intramuros district of Manila to the nearby town of Noveleta to the south debuted in January 2018 and is currently the nearest water-based transport to the city.


Utilities

Water services are currently provided by Maynilad. Meanwhile, electric services are currently provided by Meralco.


Symbols


Flag

The flag of the city created by Mayor Timoteo O. Encarnacion, Jr. and was adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod through Resolution No. 95-081 dated September 6, 1995, in time for the 55th Cavite City Charter Day. The meaning, symbol and significance of the flag components: * The two red strips symbolize courage and bravery. * The middle green strip symbolizes progress and advancement * The half sun has a twofold meaning. If the rising sun, it means the hope, dreams and visions for progress. If the setting sun, it stands for the sunset that can be seen in the city's western shores. * The five yellow stars symbolize the five districts of Cavite City. * The three sets of waves below the half sun, in three colors of navy blue, light blue and white. It signifies that Cavite City is a peninsula surrounded by water while the three colors represent Cañacao Bay, Bacoor Bay and Manila Bay.


Seal

The current seal of the city was designed by Mayor Timoteo O. Encarnacion, Jr. It was adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod through Resolution No. 140-90, then approved by the Local Executive on September 7, 1990. On November 3, 1993, the National Historical Institute and the president, through the Department of the Interior and Local Government issued a Certificate of Registration recognizing the new seal. The shield stands for bravery and fortitude. The colors red, white, blue, yellow stand for the loyalty of the people to its government. The inclusion of the rays portrays the role of Cavite as one of the original provinces that rose up in arms against Spanish domination in 1896 in the Philippine Revolution. The white triangle inscribed within the shield with the letters KKK at the corners represents the part played by The city in the organization of the Katipunan. Don Ladislao Diwa of the city was one of the triumvirate who organized the patriotic group. Many Katipuneros came from the city. Within the white triangle are symbols representing various events: * At the bottom of the triangle is a fort with figures "1872" symbolizing the Cavite mutiny of 1872 at the Cavite Arsenal. * At the background is a map of the city including the island of Corregidor representing the role of the island in the city's history. * The obelisk at the left memorializes the
Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite ( tl, Labintatlong Martir ng Kabite; es, Trece Mártires de Cavite) were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by musketry on September 12, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the ...
who were executed by the Spaniards on September 12, 1896. * The sheet music at the right symbolizes
Julián Felipe Julián Reyes Felipe (: January 28, 1861 – October 2, 1944) was a Filipino composer of the music of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as ''"Marcha Nacional Filipina"'', now known as " Lupang Hinirang". Early life Julián Feli ...
, composer of the Philippine National Anthem who was from the city, . * The fort symbol representing the Royal Fort of San Felipe and its role in the city and country's history being the place where the
Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite ( tl, Labintatlong Martir ng Kabite; es, Trece Mártires de Cavite) were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by musketry on September 12, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the ...
were detained and where the Cavite mutiny of 1872 took place. * The scroll on the uppermost portion of the triangle contains the City motto "Para Dios y Patria" ("For God and Country") in Chabacano dialect to emphasize the native dialect of the city. * The green laurel leaf encircling the right and left portions of the KKK triangle symbolizes victories by reason.


Education


Notable personalities

*
Julián Felipe Julián Reyes Felipe (: January 28, 1861 – October 2, 1944) was a Filipino composer of the music of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as ''"Marcha Nacional Filipina"'', now known as " Lupang Hinirang". Early life Julián Feli ...
* Ladislao Diwa * Roman Basa * Ruffy Biazon *
Joel Lamangan Joel Lamangan (born September 21, 1952) is a Filipino film director, television director and actor. His award-winning films includes ''The Flor Contemplacion Story'', ''Sidhi'', '' Deathrow'', ''Hubog'', '' Aishte Imasu 1941'', ''Blue Moon'' an ...
*
Dino Reyes Chua Dino Carlo Reyes Chua (born September 28, 1980) is a Filipino businessman and politician and the current Mayor of Noveleta, Cavite. He is the president of SkyJet Airlines, and also the owner of El Palacio Resort in Coastal Bay, Noveleta, Cavite ...
* Ferdinand Topacio * Kesz Váldez *
Efren Peñaflorida Efren Geronimo Peñaflorida, (born March 5, 1981), is a Filipino teacher and development worker. He offers Filipino youth an alternative to street gangs through education, recreating school settings in unconventional locations such as cemeteries ...
* Leopoldo Salcedo * Nash Aguas *
Celeste Legaspi Celeste Kalugdan Legaspi Gallardo (born March 18, 1950) is a Filipina singer, actress, film and theatre producer, and an advocate for artists' rights. Her singles and albums reached gold or platinum status during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Sh ...
*
Ronnie Del Carmen Ronnie del Carmen (born December 31, 1959) is a Filipino animation writer, director, story artist, story supervisor and production designer. He co-directed and was one of the story writers for the 2015 Pixar film '' Inside Out'', for which he ...
*
Dominic Roque Dominic Karl Manalo Roque (; born July 20, 1990) is a Filipino actor and model. He is best known for his role in '' Aryana'' and ''May Isang Pangarap''. He is managed by ABS-CBN's Star Magic talents. Early life and education Roque was born a ...
*
Eros Atalia Eros S. Atalia is a Filipino author, professor and journalist from Cavite City, Philippines who wrote several books including the Palanca Award-winning 'Tatlong Gabi, Tatlong Araw' (lit. Three Nights, Three Days) in 2013 and ''Ang Ikatlong Anti-Kr ...
* DJ eL Reynolds * Mercedes Matias-Santiago *Timoteo O. Encarnacion, Jr.


Sister cities

Cavite City has one
sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of inter ...
, as designated by
Sister Cities International Sister Cities International (SCI) is a nonprofit citizen diplomacy network that creates and strengthens partnerships between communities in the United States and those in other countries, particularly through the establishment of " sister citie ...
: * Melilla, Spain *
San Diego San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States ...
,
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
, United States


See also

* Naval Base Manila


References


External links


Official Cavite City Government website

Official Website of the Cavite City Library and Museum
*
Philippine Standard Geographic Code The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

Philippine Census Information
{{Authority control Cities in Cavite Populated places on Manila Bay Port cities and towns in the Philippines Former provincial capitals of the Philippines 1614 establishments in the Philippines Populated places established in 1614 Component cities in the Philippines