This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''

Illyrians The Illyrians ( grc, Ἰλλυριοί, ''Illyrioi''; la, Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European-speaking peoples who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. They constituted one of the three main Paleo-Balkan populations, a ...

'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greeks, causing the name Illyrians to be applied to all people of similar language and customs. The locations of Illyrian tribes/peoples prior to the Roman conquest are approximate, as sometimes many wholly different locations are given by ancient writers and modern authors (as in the case of the

Enchelei The Enchelei were an ancient people that lived around the region of Lake Shkodra and Lake Ohrid,Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), book 7, chapter 7: "...had established their sway, and Enchelii, who are also called Se ...

). After the

Great Illyrian Revolt The (Latin for 'War of the Batos') was a military conflict fought in the Roman province of Illyricum in the 1st century AD, in which an alliance of native peoples of the two regions of Illyricum, Dalmatia and Pannonia, revolted against the Roma ...

, the Romans deported,J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 217. split, and resettled Illyrian tribes within Illyria itself and to

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It ...

, sometimes causing whole tribes to vanish and new ones to be formed from their remains, such as the Deraemestae and the Docleatae, some of them mixed with Celtic tribes (see

Celticization Celticisation, or Celticization, was historically the process of conquering and assimilating by the ancient Celts. Today, as the Celtic inhabited-areas significantly differ, the term still refers to making something Celtic, usually focusing around ...

). Many tribal names are known from Roman and the number of their , formed of the dispersed tribes in Illyria.

Illyrian

Albani

The ''Albani'' (Latinized form of grc, Ἀλβανοί, ''Albanoi'') were an Illyrian tribe whose first historical account appears in a work of

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importance ...

. They were the citizens of

Albanopolis Albanopolis ( sq, Albanopolis or ''Albanët''; grc, Ἀλβανόπολις, Albanópolis) was a city in ancient Roman Macedon specifically in Epirus Nova, the city of the Albanoi, an Illyrian tribe. Albanopolis has been located by various sc ...

(), located in the center of modern

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

, in the

Zgërdhesh Zgërdhesh is an archeological site in Albania. It is located south of the road from Fushë-Kruja to Kruja. Zgërdhesh is somewhat of a mystery because it is unmentioned in ancient sources. Some scholars believe, however, that it may be the site ...

hill fort, near the city of Krujë. The national ethnonym of the Albanians is derived from this tribe.

Amantes

The ''Amantes'' lived in present-day southwestern Albania. The site of

Amantia Amantia ( gr, Ἀμάντια, Ἀβάντια; la, Amantia) was an ancient city and the main settlement of the Amantes, traditionally located in southern Illyria in classical antiquity. In Hellenistic times the city was either part of Illyri ...

has been identified with the location of their territory. The toponym has a connection with the modern Albanian term amë/ãmë ("river-bed, fountain, spring")

Ardiaei

The ''Ardiaei'' or ''Ouardaioi'' ( grc, link=no, Ἀρδιαῖοι, Οὐαρδαῖοι; la, link=no, Vardiaei, Vardaei) were an

Illyrian tribe This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greeks ...

, residing inland,Appian and Illyricum by Marjeta Šašel Kos
" The Ardiaei were certainly also settled in the hinterland, along the Naro River at least as far as the Konjic region ..." that eventually settled on the Adriatic coast. The Ardiaei had 20 . The Ardiaean dynasty ruled over the Illyrian Kingdom.

Autariatae

The ''Autariatae'' or ''Autariates'' ( grc, lang=no, Αὐταριᾶται) were an Illyrian tribe that became prominent between the 6th and 4th centuries BC. The tribe had been Celticized.

Balaites

The ''Balaites'' were an Illyrian tribe known from

epigraphical Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...

findings only who were organizing themselves in a

koinon ''Koinon'' ( el, Κοινόν, pl. Κοινά, ''Koina''), meaning "common", in the sense of "public", had many interpretations, some societal, some governmental. The word was the neuter form of the adjective, roughly equivalent in the government ...

, and it is likely that they lived in the vicinity of Apollonia.

Bathiatae

The Bathiatae were an Illyrian tribe.

Bylliones

The Bylliones () were an Illyrian tribe. They were affected by a partial cultural

Hellenisation Hellenization (other British spelling Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language and identity by non-Greeks. In the ancient period, colonization often led to the Hellenization of indigenous peoples; in the H ...

.The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC by D. M. Lewis (Editor), John Boardman (Editor), Simon Hornblower (Editor), M. Ostwald (Editor), , 1994, page 423, "Through contact with their Greek neighbors some Illyrian tribe became bilingual (Strabo Vii.7.8.Diglottoi) in particular the Bylliones and the Taulantian tribes close to Epidamnus ..." According to Robert Elsie, the tribe was Illyrian.

Cavii

The Cavii were an Illyrian tribe. They lived close to

Lake Shkodër Lake Skadar ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Скадарско језеро, Skadarsko jezero, ; sq, Liqeni i Shkodrës, ) also called Lake Scutari, Lake Shkodër and Lake Shkodra lies on the border of Albania and Montenegro, and is the largest lake in Southern ...

. Their main settlement was Epicaria. They are mentioned rarely by ancient writers.

Daorsi

The ''Daorsi'' or ''Duersi'' or ''Daorsii'' or ''Daorsei'' ( grc, link=no, Δαόριζοι, Δαούρσιοι) were an Illyrian tribe. Another name of the tribe was Daversi. The Daorsi had suffered attacks from the

Delmatae The Delmatae, alternatively Dalmatæ, during the Roman period, were a group of Illyrian tribes in Dalmatia, contemporary southern Croatia and western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The region of Dalmatia takes its name from the tribe. The Delmatae ap ...

that made them along with Issa seek the aid of the

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

state. The Daorsi fought on the Roman side, providing them with their strong navy abandoning Caravantius. After the

Illyrian Wars The Illyro-Roman Wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and the Ardiaei kingdom. In the ''First Illyrian War'', which lasted from 229 BC to 228 BC, Rome's concern was that the trade across the Adriatic Sea increased after the ...

, the Daorsi were given immunity. Their most important city was

Daorson Daorson (Ancient Greek: Δαορσών) was the capital of the Illyrian tribe of the Daorsi (Ancient Greek Δαόριζοι, Δαούρσιοι; Latin ''Daorsei''). The Daorsi lived in the valley of the Neretva River between 300 BC and 50 BC. They ...

. They had 17 .

Dardani

The ''Dardani'' or ''Dardanians'' were a tribe located at the

Thraco-Illyrian The term Thraco-Illyrian refers to a hypothesis according to which the Daco-Thracian and Illyrian languages comprise a distinct branch of Indo-European. Thraco-Illyrian is also used as a term merely implying a Thracian- Illyrian interference, m ...

contact zone and their identification is uncertain.

Johann Georg von Hahn Johann Georg von Hahn (11 July 1811 – 23 September 1869) was an Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian diplomat, philologist and specialist in Albanian history, language and culture. Hahn was born in Frankfurt am Main. In 1847, he was named Aust ...

was the first to propose that the names ''Dardanoi'' and ''Dardania'' were related to the Albanian word ''dardhë'' ("pear, pear-tree"). Subgroups of the Dardani include the

Galabri The Galabri (Ancient Greek: Γαλάβριοι) were a Dardanian tribe, along with the Thunatae, mentioned by Strabo.; . Name The tribe is mentioned by Ancient Greek author Strabo in his '' Geographica'' as ''Galabrioi''. The tribal name ''Ga ...

and the

Thunatae The Thunatae (Ancient Greek: Θουνᾶται) were a Dardanian tribe, along with the Galabri, mentioned by Strabo. The Thunatae are mentioned as neighbors of the Maedi, a Thracian tribe.; . Name The tribe is mentioned by Ancient Greek author ...

Dassaretii

The ''Dassaretii'' ( grc, link=no, Δασσαρῆται, Δασσαρήτιοι) were an Illyrian tribe. They were located between the

Dardani The Dardani (; grc, Δαρδάνιοι, Δάρδανοι; la, Dardani) or Dardanians were a Paleo-Balkan people, who lived in a region that was named Dardania after their settlement there. They were among the oldest Balkan peoples, and their ...

and the Ardiaei. Appian of Alexandria wrote in his ''Illyrian wars'' that according to the

Ancient Greeks Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of cult ...

Illyrius Illyrius ( grc, Ἰλλυριός, ''Illyriós'') is the son of Cadmus and Harmonia, who eventually ruled Illyria and became the eponymous ancestor of the Illyrians. Illyrius/Illyriós/Illyri is a name known in different stories found in ancient G ...

, the ancestor of the Illyrians, had a daughter, ''Dassaro'', from whom sprang the Dassaretii. They are not to be confused with the ancient Greek

Dexaroi The Dexaroi ( grc, Δεξάροι) were an ancient Chaonian tribe living under Mount Amyron. In ancient literature the Dexari are mentioned only by the ancient Greek writer Hecataeus of Miletus (6th century BC), cited by Stephanus of Byzantium (6 ...

the

Lake Ohrid Lake Ohrid ( mk, Охридско Езеро , al, Liqeni i Ohrit , also referred as ''Liqeni i Pogradecit'';) is a lake which straddles the mountainous border between the southwestern part of North Macedonia and eastern Albania. It is one of E ...

region.

Deretini

The Deretini or Derriopes ( grc, link=no, Δερρίοπες) were an Illyrian tribe in Narona conventus with 14 .

Deuri

The Deuri or Derbanoi ( grc, link=no, Δερβανοί) were an Illyrian tribe.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 216, "... of southwest Bosnia, the Maezaei (269) of the Sana and Vrbas valleys, and the Sardeates (52) around Jajce and the Deuri (25) around Bugojno, both in the Vrbas valley." Other possible names are Derrioi.The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69 (Volume 10) by Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and

Andrew Lintott Andrew William Lintott (born 9 December 1936) is a British classical scholar who specialises in the political and administrative history of ancient Rome, Roman law and epigraphy. He is an emeritus fellow of Worcester College, University of Oxfor ...

, 1996, page 577 In a conventus held in

Salona Salona ( grc, Σάλωνα) was an ancient city and the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia. Salona is located in the modern town of Solin, next to Split, in Croatia. Salona was founded in the 3rd century BC and was mostly destroyed in ...

after the Roman conquest the Deuri had 25 .

Dyestes

The Dyestes or Dyestae ( grc, link=no, Δυέσται) were an Illyrian tribe located around the silver mines of

Damastion Damastion ( grc, Δαμάστιον) was an ancient city in the area of central Balkans, known for its silver coins dating back to the 4th century BC. It is attested only in Strabo who says that the city had silver-mines and locates it in Illyria. T ...

. Only Strabo passingly mentions this tribe.

Enchelei

The ''Enchelei'' or ''Sesarethii'' ( grc, link=no, Ἐγχελεῖς, Σεσαρηθίους, accusative of ) were an Illyrian tribe. Their name, given by the Greeks, meant "eel-men". In

Greek mythology A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the origin and nature of the world, the lives and activities ...

. According to E. Hamp, a connection with Albanian ''ngjalë'' makes it possible that the name ''Enchele'' was derived from the Illyrian term for eels Cadmus and

Harmonia In Greek mythology, Harmonia (; grc, Ἁρμονία /Ancient Greek phonology, harmoˈnia/, "harmony", "agreement") is the immortal goddess of harmony and concord. Her Rome, Roman counterpart is Concordia (mythology), Concordia. Her Greek op ...

ruled over them. Several locations are hypothesized for the Encheleans: around

; above Lake Ohrid, or in the region of Lynkestis south of the

Taulantii Taulantii or Taulantians ('swallow-men'; Ancient Greek: , or , ; la, Taulantii) were an Illyrian people that lived on the Adriatic coast of southern Illyria (modern Albania). They dominated at various times much of the plain between the rivers ...

.John J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1996, , p. 99.

Kinambroi

The Kinambroi ( grc, link=no, Κίναμβροι) were an Illyrian tribe. They surrendered to

Octavian Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...

in 33 BC.

Labeatae

The ''Labeates'' or ''Labeatae'' ( grc, link=no, Λαβεᾶται) were an Illyrian tribe that lived (after being defeated by Parmenio) around Scodra.

Mazaei

The ''Mazaei'' or ''Maezaei'' ( grc, link=no, Μαζαῖοι, Μαιζαῖοι) were a

tribal The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...

group, including 269 .

Melcumani

The Melcumani or Merromenoi or Melkomenioi ( grc, link=no, Μελκομένιοι) were an Illyrian tribe. The Melcumani had 24 .

Narensi

Narensi or Narensii or Narensioi ( grc, link=no, Ναρήνσιοι) or ''Naresioi'' or ''Naresii'' ( grc, link=no, Ναρήσιοι) was the name of a newly formedThe Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69 (Volume 10) by Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott, 1996, page 578 Illyrian tribe from various peoples living around the River Naron or Neretva, mostly in its Lower course. The Narensi had 102 .

Parthini

Penestae

Penestae ( grc, link=no, Πενέσται) was the name of an Illyrian tribe. Their chief town was

Uscana Uscana or Hyscana was a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of the Penestae in southern Illyria, modern Albania. See also * List of settlements in Illyria This is a list of settlements in Illyria founded by Illyrians (southern Illyrians, Darda ...

Selepitani

The Selepitani (Latin: ''Selepitani'') were an Illyrian tribe located below the Lake Scutari.

Siculotae

The Siculotae or Sikoulotai were an Illyrian tribe.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, page 217, "... whose name deriving from the Greek for 'thunderbolt' links them with high mountains, Siculotae (24), Glintidiones (44) and Scirtari, who dwelt along the border with Macedonia. In northeast Bosnia the Dindari are located by the record of one of ..." The Siculotae were part of the Pirustae. The Siculotae had 24 .

Dalmatae

The ''Dalmatae'' were an ancient Illyrian tribe. It is considered to be connected to the Albanian ''dele'' and its variants which include the

Gheg Gheg (also spelled Geg; Gheg Albanian: ''gegnishtja'', Standard sq, gegërishtja) is one of the two major varieties of Albanian, the other being Tosk. The geographic dividing line between the two varieties is the Shkumbin River, which winds ...

form ''delmë'', meaning "sheep", and to the Albanian term ''delmer'', "shepherd". They were later Celticized. The Delmatae had 342 .

Iapydes

The

Iapydes The Iapydes (or Iapodes, Japodes; el, Ἰάποδες) were an ancient people who dwelt north of and inland from the Liburnians, off the Adriatic coast and eastwards of the Istrian peninsula. They occupied the interior of the country between the ...

or Japodes ( grc, link=no, Ἰάποδες, Iapodes) were an ancient people who dwelt north of and inland from the Liburnians, off the Adriatic coast and eastwards of the Istrian peninsula. The first written mention of an Illyrian tribe known as "Iapydes" is by Hecataeus of Miletus.

Baridustae

The Baridustae were an Illyrian tribe that was later settled in

along with Pirustae and Sardeates. The Baridustae were a Dalmatian tribe.

Tariotes

The ''Tariotes'' were a subtribe of the Dalmatae that lived on the eastern Adriatic coast.

Sardiatae

The Sardeates or Sardiotai were an Illyrian tribe close to Jajce. Sardeates were later settled in

.ALBURNUS MAIOR (Roşia Montană) Alba, Romania.
"An important settlement, center of gold mining in Roman Dacia Superior, in the Apuseni mountains. In the hills of Cetatea Mare and Cetatea Mică, traces are preserved of ancient Roman mines. Under Trajan, Dalinatian colonists (Pirustae, Baridustae, Sardeates) settled here, each tribe dwelling in a separate village or quarter." The Sardeates had 52 .

Docleatae

The Docleatae ( grc, link=no, Δοκλεᾶται, Dokleatai) were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is now

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

. Their capital was Doclea (or ''Dioclea''), and they are called after the town. They had settled west of the

Morača river The Morača ( sr-cyrl, Морача, ) is a major river in Montenegro that originates in the northern region in Kolašin Municipality under Mount Rzača. It meanders southwards for before emptying into Lake Skadar. Its drainage basin covers . ...

, up to Montenegro's present-day borders with

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...

. The Docleatae were prominent for their cheese, which was exported to various Roman provinces within the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediter ...

. They were composed of parts of the Taulantii, the Pleraei or Pyraei, Endirudini, Sasaei, Grabaei, Labeatae that came together after the

Great Illyrian revolt The (Latin for 'War of the Batos') was a military conflict fought in the Roman province of Illyricum in the 1st century AD, in which an alliance of native peoples of the two regions of Illyricum, Dalmatia and Pannonia, revolted against the Roma ...

. The Docleatae had 33 .

Pleraei

Pleraei, Plarioi, Pyraei, Pleraioi, Plaraioi or Palarioi ( grc, link=no, Παλάριοι) was the name of an Illyrian tribe.

Endirudini

Endirudini or Interphrourinoi ( grc, link=no, Ἰντερφρουρῖνοι)Appianus
''Illyrica''
was the name of an Illyrian tribe that became part of the Docleatae.

Sasaei

Sasaei was the name of an Illyrian tribe that became part of the Docleatae.

Grabaei

The ''Grabaei'' or ''Kambaioi'' ( grc, link=no, Καμβαῖοι) were a minor Illyrian group that lived around Lake Scutari.

Deraemestae

Deraemestae or Deraemistae was the name of an Illyrian tribe. The Deraemestae were composed of partsAlan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott, ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', ''Vol. 10'': ''The Augustan Empire, 43 BC – AD 69'', 1996, p. 577: "... figure in the warfare of the second century B.C. The Deraemestae (30) were a new formation from several smaller peoples in the hinterland of Epidaurum including the Ozuaei, Partheni, Hemasini, Arthitae and Armistae." of several other tribes such as the Ozuaei,

, Partheni, Hemasini, Arthitae and Armistae. The Deramestae had 30 .

Oxuaioi

Ozuaei or Ozuaioi or Oxuaioi ( grc, link=no, Ὀξυαῖοι) was the name of one of the tribes comprising the Deramestae.

Hemasini

Hemasini or Hippasinoi ( grc, link=no, Ἱππασῖνοι) was the name of one of the tribes comprising the Deramestae.

Arthitae

Arthitae was the name of one of the tribes comprising the Deramestae.

Armistae

Armistae was the name of one of the tribes comprising the Deramestae.

Taulantii

''Taulantii'' ( grc, link=no, Ταυλάντιοι) was the name of a cluster of Illyrian tribes. The term ''taulantii'' is connected with the Albanian word ''dallëndyshe'', or ''tallandushe'', meaning '

swallow The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae, are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The ...

'. The ethnonym ''Chelidonioi'' also reported by Hecateus as the name of a tribe neighboring the Taulantii is the translation of the name ''Taulantii'' as ''khelīdṓn'' (χελιδών) means "swallow" in

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

. According to

Taulas (Tαύλας), one of the six sons of

, was the

eponymous An eponym is a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. The adjectives which are derived from the word eponym include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Usage of the word The term ''epon ...

ancestor of the Taulantii. They lived on the Adriatic coast of Illyria, between to the vicinity of the city of

Epidamnus The ancient Greek city of Epidamnos or Epidamnus ( grc-gre, Ἐπίδαμνος), ( sq, Epidamni) later the Roman Dyrrachium (Δυρράχιον) ( sq, Dyrrahu) (modern Durrës, Albania), was founded in 627 BC in Illyria by a group of colonists ...

(modern

Durrës Durrës ( , ; sq-definite, Durrësi) is the second most populous city of the Republic of Albania and seat of Durrës County and Durrës Municipality. It is located on a flat plain along the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast between the mouths of ...

in Albania). This tribe played an important role in Illyrian history of the 4th-3rd centuries BC, when King Glaukias (ruled 335 – c. 302 BC) ruled over them. This tribe had become bilingual being under the effects of an early

. Taulantii could prepare mead, wine from honey like the

Abri A rock shelter (also rockhouse, crepuscular cave, bluff shelter, or abri) is a shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. In contrast to solutional caves ( karst), which are often many miles long, rock shelters are almost alwa ...

Chelidonioi

Abroi

Pannonian tribes

Roman period tribes in Illyria and Lower Pannonia

The name Pannonians ( grc, link=no, Παννόνιοι, Pannonii) refers to Illyrian tribes, who originally inhabited the southern part of what was later known as Roman province of Pannonia, south of the river Drava (), and the northern part of the future

Roman province of Dalmatia Dalmatia was a Roman province. Its name is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, which lived in the central area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It encompassed the northern part of present-day Albania, much of C ...

. In the Roman era, Pannonians settled in

, the northern Pannonian plain and the eastern Alps. Some Pannonian tribes appear to have been Celticized. The Pannonians were not definitely subdued within the province of Illyricum until the

, which started in 6 AD when the Pannonians, together with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, revolted, and engaged the Roman Empire in a hard-fought campaign that lasted for three years, when they were finally overcome by the future emperor

Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...

and Germanicus in 9 AD. At that point, the province of Illyricum was dissolved, and its lands were divided between the new provinces of Pannonia in the north and Dalmatia in the south. The date of the division is unknown, most certainly after 20 AD but before 50 AD. The Pannonian tribes inhabited the area between the river Drava and the Dalmatian coast. Early archaeology and onomastics show that they were culturally different from southern Illyrians,

Iapodes The Iapydes (or Iapodes, Japodes; el, Ἰάποδες) were an ancient people who dwelt north of and inland from the Liburnians, off the Adriatic coast and eastwards of the Istrian peninsula. They occupied the interior of the country between the ...

, and the La Tène peoples commonly known as the

Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancien ...

, though they were later Celticized. However, there are some cultural similarities between the Pannonians and Dalmatians. Many of the Pannonians lived in areas with rich iron ore deposits, so that iron mining and production was an important part of their economy before and after the Roman conquest. Apart from Segestica, the Pannonians did not have settlements of importance in pre-Roman times that were actually Celtic. Ancient sources ( Strabo,

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ' ...

, Appian of Alexandria) mention few of the Pannonian tribes by name, and historians and archaeologists have located some of them. Those tribes were:

Amantini

''Amantini'' ( grc, link=no, Ἄμαντες) was the name of a Pannonian Illyrian tribe.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 218, "Except for the Latobici and Varciani, whose names are Celtic, the civitates of Colapiani, Jasi, Breuci, Amantini and Scordisci were Illyrian." They greatly resisted the

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

but were sold as slaves after their defeat.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 207, "The war was a savage affair and the main resistance to the Romans came from the Breuci and Amantini in the Sava valley. The young males were rounded up and sold as slaves in Italy, a quite exceptional action" The Amantini were close to

Sirmium Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia, located on the Sava river, on the site of modern Sremska Mitrovica in the Vojvodina autonomous provice of Serbia. First mentioned in the 4th century BC and originally inhabited by Illyrian ...

Breuci

The Breuci ( grc, link=no, Βρεῦκοι, Breukoi) were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 203, "Papirius Carbo. Strabo (7.5, 3) identifies the Pannonian peoples as Breuci, Andizetes, Ditiones, Pirustae, Maezaei and Daesitiates." They greatly resisted the

and some were sold as slaves after their defeat. They received Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule. It is likely that the name of the northern Bosnian city

Brčko Brčko ( sr-cyrl, Брчко, ) is a city and the administrative seat of Brčko District, in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies on the banks of Sava river across from Croatia. As of 2013, it has a population of 39,893 inhabitants. De jure, ...

is derived from the name of this

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 256, "... reign of Trajan (AD 98-117), does the Roman citizenship begin to appear among the Illyrian communities of southeast Pannonia, the Andizetes, Scordisci and Breuci." A number of Breuci settled in

. Bato the Breucian of the Breuci tribe and Pinnes from Pannonia were among the leaders of the

, together with

Bato the Daesitiate Bato the Daesitiate (also known as Bato of the Daesitiates) was a chieftain of the Daesitiates, an Illyrian tribe which fought against the Roman Empire between 6 and 9 AD in a conflict known as '' Bellum Batonianum'' ("Bato's War"). Biography ...

of the

Daesitiates Daesitiates were an Illyrian tribe that lived on the territory of today's central Bosnia, during the time of the Roman Republic. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates were part of the western group of Pannonians in Roman Dalmatia. They were ...

from Dalmatia.The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69 (Volume 10) by Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott, 1996, page 176, "Daesitiates was soon matched by rebellion of the Breuci in Pannonia, headed by Pinnes and another Bato."

Colapiani

Colapiani was the name of an Illyrian tribe. The Colapiani were created from the Pannonian Breuci along with the Osseriates and the Celtic

Varciani The Varciani were a CelticWilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,,page 256, "... established among the predominantly Celtic communities of the Latobici and Varciani. Only later, in the reign of Trajan (AD 98-117), does the Roman citizenship begin to appe ...

. They lived in the central and southern

White Carniola White Carniola ( sl, Bela krajina; german: Weißkrain or ''Weiße Mark'') is a traditional region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. Due to its smallness, it is often considered a subunit of the broader Lower Carniola region, alt ...

, along the

Kupa The Kupa () or Kolpa ( or ; from la, Colapis in Roman times; hu, Kulpa) river, a right tributary of the Sava, forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia. It is long, with its border part having a length of and t ...

river, and were mentioned by

and

. The archeologists Jaro Šašel and Dragan Božič have attributed the

Vinica material culture Vinica may refer to places: Places * Vinica, Tomislavgrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina * Vinica, Varaždin County, Croatia *Vinica, North Macedonia **Vinica Municipality, North Macedonia * Vinica, Veľký Krtíš District, Slovakia *Vinica, Črnomelj, ...

to Colapiani, but opinions are divided.

Daesitiates

The ''Daesitiates'' were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is today central

during the time of the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Ki ...

. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates were part of the western group of Pannonians in Roman Dalmatia. They were prominent from the end of the 4th century BC up until the beginning of the 3rd century AD. Evidence of their daily activities can be found in literary sources, as well as in the rich material finds that belong to the

Central Bosnian cultural group Central Bosnian culture () was a Bronze and Iron Age cultural group. This group, which ranged over the areas of the upper and mid course of the rivers Vrbas (to Jajce) and Bosna (to Zenica, but not including the Sarajevo plain), constituted an ...

. After nearly three centuries of political independence, the Daesitiates (and their polity) were conquered by Roman Emperor

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...

. Afterwards, the Daesitiates were incorporated into the province of Illyricum with a low total of 103 .

Pirustae

The Pirustae or Pyrissaei ( grc, link=no, Πειροῦσται or ) were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe that lived in modern

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

. According to some sources, they had also lived in territories outside of modern-day Montenegro, but the majority of archaeologists, including the famous British archaeologist

Sir Arthur Evans Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. He is most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete. Based on ...

, say that the Pirustae had lived in northern Montenegro, around present-day Pljevlja and that they were prominent miners. Their prominence in mining has been seen in epigraphic monuments from

's mining regions. Pirustae along with other

Pannonians This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greeks ...

and

like the Sardeates were later settled in

(modern-day Romania).

Scirtari

The Scirtari or Scirtones were an Illyrian tribe. The Scirtari were part of the Pirustae. The Scirtari had 72 .

Glintidiones

The Glintidiones ( grc, link=no, Γλιντιδίωνες) were an Illyrian tribe. The Glintidiones may have been part of the Pirustae. The Glintidiones had 44 .

Ceraunii

Ceraunii ( grc, link=no, Κεραύνιοι, Keraunioi) was the name of an Illyrian tribe that lived close to the Pirustae in modern

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

. The Ceraunii were part of the Pirustae. They had 24 . Their name seems to derive from the Greek word for 'thunderbolt'.

Segestani

The Segestani ( grc, link=no, Σεγεστανοί, Segestanoi) were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe who inhabited the area around Segestica, later known as ''Siscia'' (modern-day Sisak in

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

). In the 2nd century BC, the Segestani were attacked without lasting success by

consuls A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people ...

Lucius Aurelius Cotta and an unidentified Cornelius. In 35 BC, the Segestani were attacked by

, who conquered and occupied Siscia.

Maezaei

''Maezaei'' or ''Maizaioi'' or ''Mazaioi'' ( grc, link=no, Μαζαῖοι) were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe. The Maezaei had 269 .

Andizetes

The Andizetes, also referred to as Andisetes ( grc, link=no, Ἀνδιζήτιοι), were a small Pannonian tribe that lived in the territory of present-day

. Not much is known about this tribe except that it is found on the list of Illyrian tribes that rose against the

during the

. The personal name of 'Andes', a variant of the name '

Andis ''Andis'' is a variant of Andes, a personal name popular among the Illyrians inhabiting the territory of what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina, more specifically the southern parts of ancient province of Pannonia and much of the northern parts of anci ...

' popular among the Illyrians of southern Pannonia and much of northern Dalmatia (corresponding roughly with modern Bosnia and Herzegovina), may be derived from the name of this tribe. They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule.

Azali

The Azali ( grc, link=no, Ἄζαλοι) were a tribe that inhabited Brigetio (now

Szőny Szőny was a town in Hungary. Since 1977, it has been part of the city of Komárom. History The Roman legion Legio I Adiutrix was based here from 86 AD to the mid-5th century and took part in several Parthian wars. The town was known as Briget ...

) in

Noricum Noricum () is the Latin name for the Celtic kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, ...

, transported there during the Roman conquest from southern Pannonia. They had been deported after the 6–9 AD rebellion. They, along with the

Eravisci The Eravasci were a Celtic or Pannonian people who inhabited Transdanubia, including Gellért Hill, Dunaújváros, and Aquincum. Most of what we know about them comes from archaeology and Latin literature. The Roman ruins of Aquincum stand today ...

, inhabited the

Fejér County Fejér ( hu, Fejér megye, ) is an administrative county ( comitatus or megye) in Central Hungary. It lies on the west bank of the river Danube and nearly touches the eastern shore of Lake Balaton. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties ...

during the Marcomannic Wars (166–180). The ''civitas azaliorum'' included the Brigetio legionary fortress and surrounding settlements.

Ditiones

The Ditiones ( grc, link=no, Διτίωνες) were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe. The Ditiones had 239 .

Jasi

Jasi was the name of a Pannonian Illyrian tribe.

Osseriates

The ''Osseriates'' (also ''Oseriates''), along with the Celtic

and the Colapiani, were created from the Pannonian Breuci.

Illyrii proprie dicti

Illyrii proprie dicti were the Illyrians proper, so called by

Pliny Pliny may refer to: People * Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE), ancient Roman nobleman, scientist, historian, and author of ''Naturalis Historia'' (''Pliny's Natural History'') * Pliny the Younger (died 113), ancient Roman statesman, orator, w ...

(23–79 AD) in his Natural History. They later formed the Docleatae. They were the

, the

Pleraei This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria ( grc-gre, Ἰλλυρία; la, Illyria). The name ''Illyrians'' seems to be the name of a single Illyrian tribe that was the first to come into contact with the ancient Greeks ...

or Pyraei, the Endirudini, Sasaei, Grabaei,

Labeatae The Labeatae, Labeatai or Labeates ( grc, Λαβεᾶται; la, Labeatae) were an Illyrian people that lived on the Adriatic coast of southern Illyria, between modern Albania and Montenegro, around Lake Scodra (the ancient ''Lacus Labeatis'') ...

. Illyrians proper were also some of the native communities of Roman Dalmatia.

Atintani

''Atintani'' were a tribe in Illyria, north of

Via Egnatia The Via Egnatia was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. It crossed Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thracia, running through territory that is now part of modern Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, and European Turkey as a continu ...

. Appian (95 – 165 AD) mentions them close to

. During the

, the Atintani went over to the Romans and, according to Appian,

Demetrius of Pharos Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus) ( grc, Δημήτριος ἐκ Φάρου and Δημήτριος ὁ Φάριος) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf ...

tried to detach them from Roman authority. The Atintani seem to have originated from the obscure, perhaps

Thracian The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied ...

Tynteni, only attested in coins. The Atintani were ruled by the

dynasty of the Peresadyes.

Greek

* See Greek colonies in Illyria

Liburnians

In the early historical sources from the 8th century BC, the ''Liburnians'' were recorded by name or as separate ethnic groups; and as early as the 6th century BC, Hecateus noted that the Liburnians were also composed of ''Caulici'', ''Mentores'', ''Syopii'' and ''Hythmitae'', probably narrow tribal communities. Later, in the 3rd century BC,

Callimachus Callimachus (; ) was an ancient Greek poet, scholar and librarian who was active in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. A representative of Ancient Greek literature of the Hellenistic period, he wrote over 800 literary works in a wide varie ...

mentioned ''Mentores'', ''Hymanes'', ''Enchealae'' and ''Peucetias'' as those who once had been a part of them, ''Ismeni'' were also recorded as one of their communities. * Lopsi

Iapygians/Messapians

''Iapygians'' and ''Messapians'' did not dwell in Illyria, but in the heel of southern

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. They could have had Illyrian origins or some sort of link with Illyria. *

Messapii The Messapians ( grc, Μεσσάπιοι, Messápioi; la, Messapii) were a Iapygian tribe who inhabited Salento in classical antiquity. Two other Iapygian tribes, the Peucetians and the Daunians, inhabited central and northern Apulia respective ...

Dauni The Daunians ( el, Δαύνιοι, Daúnioi; la, Daunii) were an Iapygian tribe that inhabited northern Apulia in classical antiquity. Two other Iapygian tribes, the Peucetians and the Messapians, inhabited central and southern Apulia respectiv ...

* Peucetii linked to the Liburnian Peucetias *

Iapyges The Iapygians or Apulians (; el, Ἰάπυγες, ''Ĭāpyges''; la, Iāpyges, Iapygii, Umbrian ''Iabuscer'') were an Indo-European-speaking people, dwelling in an eponymous region of the southeastern Italian Peninsula named Iapygia (modern Ap ...

linked to the Iapodes, who were sometimes also called Iapyges

Adriatic Veneti

* HistriWilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 183, "We may begin with the Venetic peoples, Veneti, Carni, Histri and Liburni, whose language set them apart from the rest of the Illyrians ..." *

Catari Catari was the name of a tribe belonging to the Venetic peoples that are sometimes confused with Illyrians.Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, , page 81, "... In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the up ...

'' * SecussesThe classical gazetteer: a dictionary of ancient geography, sacred and profane by William Hazlitt, 1851, page 311, "SECUSSES, a people of Histria"

Illyrian

Albani

Amantes

Ardiaei

Autariatae

Balaites

Bathiatae

Bylliones

Cavii

Daorsi

Dardani

Dassaretii

Deretini

Deuri

Dyestes

Enchelei

Kinambroi

Labeatae

Mazaei

Melcumani

Narensi

Parthini

Penestae

Selepitani

Siculotae

Dalmatae

Iapydes

Baridustae

Tariotes

Sardiatae

Docleatae

Pleraei

Endirudini

Sasaei

Grabaei

Deraemestae

Oxuaioi

Hemasini

Arthitae

Armistae

Taulantii

Chelidonioi

Abroi

Pannonian tribes

Amantini

Breuci

Colapiani

Daesitiates

Pirustae

Scirtari

Glintidiones

Ceraunii

Segestani

Maezaei

Andizetes

Azali

Ditiones

Jasi

Osseriates

Illyrii proprie dicti

Atintani

Greek

Liburnians

Iapygians/Messapians

Adriatic Veneti

See also

References

Sources

Further reading