Carnia ( fur, Cjargne or ''Cjargna''/''Cjargno'' in local variants, vec, Ciargna, german: Karnien, sl, Karnija) is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
area of
Friuli
Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giuli ...
. Its 27 municipalities all belong to the
Province of Udine, which itself is part of the autonomous
Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.
History
The name of the region, like neighbouring
Carinthia and
Carniola (and quite possibly also
Kras or Carso), probably derives from the
Carni, a
Celtic tribe who had lived for centuries in the fertile plains between the
Rhine
), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source1_coordinates=
, source1_elevation =
, source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein
, source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source2_coordinates=
, so ...
and the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
rivers where other Celtic peoples lived. Starting from 400 BC, the demographic growth and the pressure of the Germanic peoples, originated a migratory flood towards the south. The Carni crossed the Alps via the
Plöcken Pass and settled in the region which is nowadays named Carnia and in the piedmont zone of Friuli. They practiced hunting and breeding. During the hard winters the herders used to move with their cattle down to the piedmont plains. Also they were skilful iron and wood manufacturers. The Carni were headed by a king and a sacerdotal caste of
druids.
Antiquity
The first historical date related to the arrival of the Carni is 186 BC, when some 50,000 Carni, composed of armed men, women and children descended towards the plains (in which they previously used to winter) and on a hill they founded a stable defensive settlement, ''Akileja''. The
Romans
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
, concerned by the expansion of this people, in 183 BC forced back the Carni to the mountains, they destroyed their settlement and they founded a defensive settlement at the north-east boundaries. The new settlement was named
Aquileia, after the former Celtic name Akileja. The triumvirs that founded that settlement were Publius Scipio Nasica, Caius Flaminius and Lucius Manlius Acidinus.
In order to stem the Roman expansion and to acquire the fertile and more hospitable plains, the Carni tried to form alliances with the
Histrian, the
Iapode, and the
Taurisci
The Taurisci were a federation of Celtic tribes who dwelt in today's Carinthia and northern Slovenia (Carniola) before the coming of the Romans (c. 200 BC). According to Pliny the Elder, they are the same as the people known as the Norici.
Etym ...
Celts. As Rome, in turn, was more and more becoming aware of the impending danger coming from the Carni and as it wanted to accelerate its own expansion, it sent to the north-east the legions of consul
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, who finally defeated the Carni in a battle of 15 November 115 BC.
Later on, the Carni, characterised by a docile temper and who had been defeated in battle, submitted to Rome, accepting its commands and its concessions. In the course of the following centuries, the Carni and Roman customs and blood would get mixed and this union of two deeply different cultures would slowly give rise to a new people, the Aquileiese or Friulan People. The mixing of the two languages would give rise to the
Friulian language. In the meantime Aquileia enlarged its importance. It became a
Municipium
In ancient Rome, the Latin term (pl. ) referred to a town or city. Etymologically, the was a social contract among ("duty holders"), or citizens of the town. The duties () were a communal obligation assumed by the in exchange for the priv ...
Romanum in 90 BC; it was an important commercial and hand-craft production centre. Also it was the main port on the
Adriatic sea and a garrison settlement.
Middle Ages
Upon the
Decline of the Roman Empire and the
Migration Period, the area was subdued by invading Germanic
Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths ( la, Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were a Roman-era Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Gothic kingdoms within the Roman Empire, based upon the large Gothic populations who ...
under
Theodoric the Great
Theodoric (or Theoderic) the Great (454 – 30 August 526), also called Theodoric the Amal ( got, , *Þiudareiks; Greek: , romanized: ; Latin: ), was king of the Ostrogoths (471–526), and ruler of the independent Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy ...
and later by the
Lombards
The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774.
The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the '' History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 an ...
, who incorporated it into the
Duchy of Friuli
The Duchy of Friuli was a Lombard duchy in present-day Friuli, the first to be established after the conquest of the Italian peninsula in 568. It was one of the largest domains in ''Langobardia Major'' and an important buffer between the Lombard ...
, part of their
Italian kingdom. With adjacent
Carantania, Carnia was conquered by
Frankish
Frankish may refer to:
* Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture
** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages
* Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany
* East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...
forces in the 774 campaign of
Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first ...
. The Friulian dukes, successors of
Hrodgaud (d. 776), continued to rule as
Carolingian vassals until the deposition of Duke
Baldric of Friuli Baldric or Balderic (''Bald icus'') was the Duke of Friuli (''dux Foroiuliensis'') from 819, when he replaced Cadolah according to Thegan of Trier in his '' Vita Hludowici imperatoris'', until 828, when he was removed from office: the last Duke of F ...
by Emperor
Louis the Pious
Louis the Pious (german: Ludwig der Fromme; french: Louis le Pieux; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aqui ...
in 828, when it finally became a Carolingian
march
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March ...
. In the 843
Treaty of Verdun
The Treaty of Verdun (), agreed in , divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms among the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I, the son and successor of Charlemagne. The treaty was concluded following almost three years of civil war and ...
, the area south of the main chain of the Carnic Alps was attributed to the realm of Emperor
Lothair I ("
Middle Francia
Middle Francia ( la, Francia media) was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united empire. Middle Franc ...
"), it was inherited by his eldest son, King
Louis II of Italy in 855.
When in 888 Margrave
Berengar I of Friuli was crowned
King of Italy
King of Italy ( it, links=no, Re d'Italia; la, links=no, Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader ...
, he moved his residence to
Verona
Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...
and established the large Italian ''
Marca Veronensis et Aquileiensis'', comprising Friuli with Carnia, Veneto (except for
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
itself) and
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...
. In 951 Berengar's grandson King
Berengar II of Italy
Berengar II ( 900 – 4 August 966) was the King of Italy from 950 until his deposition in 961. He was a scion of the Anscarid and Unruoching dynasties, and was named after his maternal grandfather, Berengar I. He succeeded his father as Ma ...
had to lay down arms against the invading forces of King
Otto I of Germany. At the 952
Imperial Diet of
Augsburg
Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ...
, he had to declare himself an
East Frankish
East Francia (Medieval Latin: ) or the Kingdom of the East Franks () was a successor state of Charlemagne's empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was created through the Treaty of Verdun (843) which divided the former empire int ...
vassal, and the whole Veronese march came under the rule of the German stem duchy of
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
. In 976 it became part of the newly established
Duchy of Carinthia.
Carnia and Carinthia again went separate ways, when in 1077 King
Henry IV of Germany
Henry IV (german: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son o ...
during the
Investiture Controversy
The Investiture Controversy, also called Investiture Contest ( German: ''Investiturstreit''; ), was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops ( investiture) and abbots of mona ...
with
Pope Gregory VII split off large parts of Friuli to establish the
Patriarchate of Aquileia
The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian seacoast. For many centuries it played an important part in histor ...
as an
Imperial State. As the patriarchate was gradually conquered by the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
, Carnia had passed from the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
to the Venetian ''
Domini di Terraferma
The ( vec, domini de terraferma or , ) was the hinterland territories of the Republic of Venice beyond the Adriatic coast in Northeast Italy. They were one of the three subdivisions of the Republic's possessions, the other two being the origi ...
'' by 1420.
Language
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
is the official language. Nevertheless,
Friulian, a
Rhaeto-Romance
Rhaeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance, or Rhaetian, is a purported subfamily of the Romance languages that is spoken in south-eastern Switzerland and north-eastern Italy. The name "Rhaeto-Romance" refers to the former Roman province of Raetia. The questi ...
language, is widely spoken. The German
Southern Bavarian
Southern Bavarian or South Bavarian, is a cluster of Upper German dialects of the Bavarian group. They are primarily spoken in Tyrol (i.e. the Austrian federal state of Tyrol and the Italian province of South Tyrol), in Carinthia and in the west ...
dialect is spoken in the linguistic enclaves of
Sauris
Sauris (german: Zahre; fur, Sauris) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. At an elevation of , it is the highest municipality in the region and one of the German language islands in ...
(''Zahre''),
Paluzza
Paluzza ( fur, Paluce) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
A local term in the Bavarian language for " hello" is . Geography
It is located about northwest of Trieste and about nor ...
-Timau (''Tischlwang'') and
(''Plodn''), as in the neighbouring regions of
Veneto
it, Veneto (man) it, Veneta (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
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, demographics1_info1 = ...
(
Seven Communities,
Thirteen Communities
The Thirteen Communities ( cim, Dreizehn Komoin, german: Dreizehn Gemeinden, it, Tredici Comuni) were a group of municipalities in the Veneto region that once primarily spoke the Cimbrian language, a dialect of Upper German, as their native tongu ...
) and
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...
(
Luserna
Luserna ( Cimbrian: ''Lusérn'', german: Lusern) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 284 and ...
and
Mocheni Valley).
Geography
Carnia is located south of the main chain of the
Carnic Alps
The Carnic Alps ( it, Alpi Carniche; german: Karnische Alpen; sl, Karnijske Alpe; fur, Alps Cjargnelis) are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Itali ...
, in the northwest of the Udine province; it is bounded to the north by
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
and to the west by the Italian
Veneto
it, Veneto (man) it, Veneta (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 =
, demographics1_info1 = ...
region. In the south it borders the
Province of Pordenone and in the east the Canal del Ferro-Valcanale (Ferro-Valcanale outfall) separates it from the central and southern part of the Udine province. The region covers the western part of the mountainous region of the province, but not the eastern part (the
Julian Alps
The Julian Alps ( sl, Julijske Alpe, it, Alpi Giulie, , ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretch from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large p ...
), therefore it borders Veneto and the Austrian state of
Carinthia, but not
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
. The main town is
Tolmezzo
Tolmezzo ( fur, Tumieç; sl, Tolmeč; archaic german: Tolmein or ''Schönfeld'') is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Udine, part of the autonomous Friuli Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern Italy.
Geography
Tolmezzo is located at the ...
.
Valleys
Carnia is formed of seven valleys. Through each of them runs a stream from which the valleys take their name (except for Valcalda). Each of these valleys is usually referred to as a ''canale'' (in Italian) / ''cjanâl'' (in Friulian), i.e. an ''outfall'', to emphasize its long and narrow shape:
* Bût valley,
Val Bût or Canale di San Pietro (in Friulian: ''Cjanâl di Sant Pieri'')
* Degano valley,
Val Degano or Canale di Gorto (in Friulian: ''Cjanâl di Guart'')
* Lumiei valley,
Val Lumiei (''Valade dal Lumiei'')
* Tagliamento valley,
Val Tagliamento (in Friulian: ''Cjanâl di Soclêf'' or ''Petecarie'')
* Pesarina valley,
Val Pesarina (in Friulian: ''Cjanâl Pedarç'')
* Chiarsò valley,
Val Chiarsò or Canale di Incaroio (in Friulian: ''Cjanâl di Incjaroi'')
* Valcalda valley,
Valcalda (in Friulian: ''Valcjalde'' or ''Cjanâl di Monai'')
Each of these valleys and their homonymous streams meet in a common valley floor where the main centre of Carnia is located:
Tolmezzo
Tolmezzo ( fur, Tumieç; sl, Tolmeč; archaic german: Tolmein or ''Schönfeld'') is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Udine, part of the autonomous Friuli Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern Italy.
Geography
Tolmezzo is located at the ...
Municipalities
The following are the 27 municipalities of Carnia (next to the Italian name, the
Friulian one is quoted):
Mountains
Carnia's mountains are composed by different geologic belts. They are made of three different types of rock:
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
,
dolomite and
flint
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Flint was widely used historically to make stone tools and sta ...
.
Carnia is spanned by the southern slope of the
Carnic Alps
The Carnic Alps ( it, Alpi Carniche; german: Karnische Alpen; sl, Karnijske Alpe; fur, Alps Cjargnelis) are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Itali ...
, which extend from
Passo di Monte Croce di Comelico to
sella di Camporosso, where
Alpi Giulie begin and rise (on the Italian side) between
Fella and the upper Isonzo rivers, and the adjacent
Carnic Prealps. The north side of the Carnic ridge sets up the boundary with
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
; on the south it is delimited by the stream
Pontebbana, and, on the upper side of
Pontebba
Pontebba ( fur, Ponteibe, german: Pontafel, sl, Tablja) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Geography
Pontebba, named after it, ponte meaning "bridge", is situated at the confluenc ...
, by the flow of the Fella. Mount
Coglians
Monte Coglians ( Friulian: ''Coliàns''; german: Hohe Warte) is the highest mountain of the Carnic Alps, on the border between Italy ( province of Udine) and Austria ( Carinthia), west of the Monte Croce Carnico pass ( Plöcken Pass). With its ...
(m. 2780) is the highest peak of the Carnic Alps. Together with the cluster of
Creta delle Cjanevate it forms an impressive horst at the Austrian boundary. Other main peaks of Carnia are:
*
Mount Peralba m 2,694
*
Mount Cridola m 2,580
* Mount Fleons m 2,507
*
Mount Pramaggiore m 2,479
*
Mount Bìvera m 2,472
* Mount Volaia m 2,470
*
Creta Forata m 2,462
*
Mount Siera m 2,443
* Mount Tiarfin m 2,417
*
Mount Crostis m 2,252
*
Creta di Timau m 2,218
*
Mount Sernio m 2,190
*
Mount Tinisa m 2,120
Rivers
The most important river is the
Tagliamento
The Tagliamento () is a braided river in north-east Italy, flowing from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea at a point between Trieste and Venice.
The Tagliamento river is considered as the last morphologically intact river in the Alps. (Its c ...
, which springs near the
Mauria Pass (in the municipality of
Lorenzago di Cadore) at an altitude of 1,195 m. Along its long way throughout Carnia, the Tagliamento river receives water from 6 tributaries, all coming from left with respect to it: the
Bût, the
Degano, the
Lumiei, the
Pesarina, the
Chiarsò, and the
Monai, which name the valleys they lie in.
Flora
Forests are large and mostly composed of fir, beech, and larch. Pastures are located mainly at high altitudes, on sunny slopes which are not suitable for agriculture.
In Carnia 2,000 vegetable species, about a thousand types of
mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. ''Toadstool'' generally denotes one poisonous to humans.
The standard for the name "mushroom" is ...
s, and some fifty types of
orchid
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowerin ...
s are grown.
Vegetation in Carnia changes with altitude. Up to the elevation of 400–500 metres stand durmast and chestnut forests and some submontane cultivation zones, but very soon thereafter they are replaced by the mountain flora, typical of the forests: beechwood, fir-wood, and pine-wood. Above 1,500 m, the arboreal vegetation becomes rather poor, and trees become more and more sparse, small and stunted up to the tree line, which in Carnia stands at 1,700 metres – the lowest of the Alpine regions Further on, only bushes and emerald-green pastures can be found.
In late spring on the highland pastures, a colourful display of wild
azaleas and
gentian
''Gentiana'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae), the tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With about 400 species it is considered a large genus. They are notable for their mostl ...
s can be observed.
Climate
The climate is severe, with very harsh winters and cool summers. It is characterised by strong winds and abundant precipitation. In comparison to the other areas of the
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Swi ...
in Carnia the tree line is lower by about 400–500 m. For example, while in the Western Alps the vegetation stops growing above 2,300 m, in Carnia this is already the case at the elevation of 1,900 metres. This lower vegetation limit is due to the thermal inversion, caused by a constant outflow of a cold wind from the north-east (the "burano" wind), which reaches the region from the Danube plains and even Siberia.
Protected areas
In Carnia the following areas have been declared as protected:
*
Friulian Dolomites Natural Park (Parco naturale delle Dolomiti Friulane), located in
Forni di Sopra
Forni di Sopra ( fur, For Disore, Carnian dialect: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Udine, in the Dolomite Alps mountain range in northeastern Italy. It is located at the top of the Tagliamento river valley. Languages spoken inclu ...
* Intermunicipal Park of Carnic Hills (Parco intercomunale delle Colline Carniche), located in
Villa Santina
Villa Santina ( fur, Vile) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine.
Villa Santina borders the following municipalities: ...
Photographic gallery
Image:Lago volaia.jpg, Volaia Lake
Image:Forni_Avoltri_1x500.jpg, Forni Avoltri
Forni Avoltri ( fur, For Davôtri, Carnian dialect: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine, on the border with Austri ...
View
Image:Monte Coglians visto dal monte Zoncolan.jpg, Mount Coglians
Monte Coglians ( Friulian: ''Coliàns''; german: Hohe Warte) is the highest mountain of the Carnic Alps, on the border between Italy ( province of Udine) and Austria ( Carinthia), west of the Monte Croce Carnico pass ( Plöcken Pass). With its ...
Image:Peralba.JPG, Mount Peralba
Peralba (''Hochweißstein'' in German) is a mountain of the Carnic Alps in Veneto, northeastern Italy, although its summit is only a few hundred metres from the Austrian border. It has a height of 2,694 m making it the second highest mountain of ...
Image:Culino, part of the Forni Avoltri municipality, in Friuli, Italy.jpg, Collina, Forni Avoltri
Forni Avoltri ( fur, For Davôtri, Carnian dialect: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine, on the border with Austri ...
File:La pieve di Zuglio.jpg, the Church of San Pietro in Carnia
References
External links
Comunità montana della CarniaPortale turistico della CarniaCarnia museiVia delle malghe carnicheCarnia libera 1944Alpini della Carnia
{{Coord, 46.3944, N, 12.7742, E, source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IT, display=title
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
Province of Udine
Geography of Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Carnic Alps