Baron Carl Hårleman (27 August 1700 – 9 February 1753) was a

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

Biography

Hårleman was born in Stockholm, son of the garden architect and head of the royal parks and gardens Johan Hårleman, who had been

ennobled Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. Th ...

in 1698. He began his architectural training under Göran Josua Adelcrantz (1668–1739). After receiving a state scholarship, he left Sweden for studies abroad in 1721, first going to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

, where he spent four years as a student at the Royal French Academy of Architecture and the French Academy of Art. He later continued to Italy and was called back to Sweden while in

Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...

in 1727. In 1728, upon the death of

Nicodemus Tessin the Younger Count Nicodemus Tessin the Younger (23 May 1654 – 10 April 1728) was a Swedish Baroque architect, city planner, and administrator. The son of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder and the father of Carl Gustaf Tessin, Tessin the Younger was the midd ...

, Hårleman was appointed court intendant and subsequently in 1741, after Tessin's son

Carl Gustaf Tessin Count Carl Gustaf Tessin (5 September 1695 – 7 January 1770) was a Swedish Count and politician and son of architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger and Hedvig Eleonora Stenbock. He was one of the most brilliant personages of his day, and the mo ...

had been made a member of the privy council, his successor as court superintendent. He was elected member of the

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences () is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for promoting nat ...

in 1744, was created a

baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often Hereditary title, hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than ...

in 1747 and appointed Master of Ceremonies of the Royal Orders in 1748. Hårleman completed the

Royal Palace in Stockholm Stockholm Palace, or the Royal Palace, ( or ) is the official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch (King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia use Drottningholm Palace as their usual residence). Stockholm Palace is in Stadsholme ...

, begun by Nicodemus Tessin the younger after fire had destroyed the medieval castle, in 1697. He was particularly responsible for the interiors and employed a large number of qualified artisans for the work. The work on the interiors of the palace had a beneficial effect on the state of furniture-making and other crafts in Sweden and helped introduce the

rococo Rococo, less commonly Roccoco ( , ; or ), also known as Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and dramatic style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpte ...

style to the country. Hårleman restored

Uppsala Cathedral Uppsala Cathedral () is a cathedral located between the University Hall (Uppsala University), University Hall of Uppsala University and the Fyris river in the centre of Uppsala, Sweden. A church of the Church of Sweden, the national church, in t ...

and parts of

Uppsala Castle Uppsala Castle () is a 16th-century royal castle in the city of Uppsala, Sweden. Throughout much of its early existence, the castle played a major role in the history of Sweden. Originally constructed in 1549, the castle has been heavily remodele ...

, both of which had been severely damaged in the

Uppsala Uppsala ( ; ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the capital of Uppsala County and the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019. Loc ...

city fire of 1702, with the ruins of the castle having also been used as a quarry for the palace project in Stockholm. On behalf of

Uppsala University Uppsala University (UU) () is a public university, public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the List of universities in Sweden, oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. Initially fou ...

, he built the Consistory House (''konsistoriehuset'') and the conservatory building for the

botanical garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

Personal life

Hårlemanska malmgård at 88A

Drottninggatan Drottninggatan (''Queen Street'') in Stockholm, Sweden, is a major pedestrian street. It stretches north from the bridge Riksbron at Norrström, in the district of Norrmalm, to Observatorielunden in the district of Vasastaden. Composition Fo ...

street in central Stockholm was the Hårleman family house. The property was owned in the late 1600s by Carl Hårleman's father Johan Harleman. The house was rebuilt and fitted with a new interior in 1748 by Carl Harleman in connection with his wedding. In 1748, he married socialite and lady-in-waiting Henrika Juliana von Liewen (1709–1779). Hårleman died in 1753 and was buried in the

Klara Church The Church of Saint Clare or Klara Church () is a church (building), church in central Stockholm. A church has been at the site since the 1280s; the current buildings date from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Since 1989, the Swedish E ...

in Stockholm. His last great work, made in the year of his death, was to design the new church in

Landskrona Landskrona is a town in Scania, Sweden. Located on the shores of the Öresund, it occupies a natural port, which has lent the town at first military and subsequent commercial significance. Ferries operate from Landskrona to the island of Ven, an ...

, later named

Sofia Albertina Church Sofia Albertina Church () is the main church in Landskrona, Sweden. Belonging to the Landskrona Parish of the Church of Sweden, it was inaugurated in 1788 and fully completed in 1816. It is considered a rare church building, in the respect that it ...

Works

Among his other works are Fredrikshovs house, Stockholm (1731), the Orangery,

Linnaean Garden The Linnaean Garden or Linnaeus Garden () is the oldest of the botanical gardens belonging to Uppsala University, Sweden, and nowadays one of two satellite gardens of the larger University of Uppsala Botanic Garden, the other being the Linnaeus ...

(1744), the main tower of the Holmentornet industrial works, Norrköping (1750), the Sätuna manor near Uppsala (1752), the

Stockholm Observatory The Stockholm Observatory (, IAU code#050, 050) is an astronomical observatory and institution in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in the 18th century and today part of Stockholm University. In 1931, the new Stockholm Observatory (, IAU code#052, 052), ...

(1753), Hörningsholm Castle (c. 1746) in Mörkö in the

Södertälje Municipality Södertälje Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Södertälje. It borders to Lake Mälaren in the north and the Baltic Sea in the south, and within the Stockholm County ...

, and the "King's Gate" (1748),

Tureholm Castle Tureholm Castle is a privately owned castle in Trosa Municipality in Sweden. The castle was built in the 18th century, and is a listed building since 1987. History Tureholm is situated on the location of the original castle that belonged to ...

(1740s) in

Trosa Municipality Trosa Municipality () is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden. The municipality consists of the localities of Vagnhärad, Västerljung, Stensund, Sund and the town of Trosa. The seat of the municipality is located in ...

, Åkerö manor house (1752–1757) (completed by

after Hårleman's death) in

Södermanland Södermanland ( ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latinisation of names, Latinized form Sudermannia or Sudermania, is a Provinces of Sweden, historical province (or ) on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Österg� ...

, and the royal entrance to the Sveaborg island fortress off

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

, in Finland (then part of the Kingdom of Sweden), and which was featured on the Finnish 1000

FIM FIM may refer to: Organizations and companies * Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme, the International Motorcycling Federation * Flint Institute of Music, in Michigan, United States * Fox Interactive Media, now News Corp. Digital Media * ...

banknote issued in 1986. File:Fredrikshovs slott, södra huset.JPG, Fredrikshovs house, Stockholm (1731) File:Linnéträdgården 1.jpg, Orangery, Linnaean Garden, Uppsala (1744) File:Holmentornet 2012.jpg, Holmentornet tower, industrial works, Norrköping (1750) File:Sätuna säteri.jpg, Sätuna Manor near Uppsala (1740s?) File:Observatoriet-2003-05-05.jpg, Old Observatory, Stockholm (1753) File:Åkerö slott juli 2011.jpg, Åkerö manor, Södermanland (1752–57) File:Svindersvik 2009.jpg, Svindersvik summer residence, Nacka (1740s) File:Hörningsholms slott 2011a.jpg, Hörningsholm Castle, Mörkö (c. 1746) File:Tureholms slott norr 2012.jpg, Tureholm Castle (1740s) File:Sofia Albertina kyrka, Landkrona.jpg, Sofia Albertina Church, Landskrona (1753)

References

* Göran Alm (1993) ''Carl Hårleman och den svenska rokokon'' (Lund: Signum)

Biography

Personal life

Works

References

Further reading