''Cantharidus'', common name the kelp shells, is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of sea snails,
marine gastropod molluscs of the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resemb ...
, the top shells.
[Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2013). Cantharidus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204763 on 2014-01-12]
Description
The shell has an ovate-conic or pyramidal shape. It is imperforate, smooth or spirally sculptured outside, brilliantly iridescent within. The colors are generally bright and variegated. The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An ...
is less than half the length of shell, longer than wide, ovate. The
columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...
is usually more or less folded or toothed near the base.
[Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia](_blank)
/ref>
The central tooth of the radula has a body with broadly expanded supporting wings, a narrowed peduncle or neck, which bears a simple cusp. This peduncle has on each side delicate wings. The lateral teeth number five on each side and have as peculiarity that they increase in size from the inner to the outer one. The inner lateral is slender, narrowed toward the cusp, like the centrals, and (sometimes at any rate) bearing a lamella behind the peduncle. The outer laterals are very broad, with one or several denticles on the cusp. The only character separating ''Cantharidus'' from '' Gibbula'' is the simple cusp of the central tooth, whilst in ''Gibbula'' it is denticulate at the sides.
Distribution
This genus is composed of marine species with a wide distribution, occurring off Australia, New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
, the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
, French Polynesia, South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...
, Japan, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, New Caledonia, Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
, East India
East India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha
and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The region roughly corresponds to the historical region of Magadh ...
, Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
.
Species
The World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ...
(WoRMS) includes the following species with valid names within the genus ''Cantharidus'' :Cantharidus marmoreus
''Cantharidus marmoreus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Cantharidus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1868). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:// ...
'' Pease, W.H., 1868
*'' Cantharidus nolfi'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
* '' Cantharidus opalus'' ( Martyn, 1784)
* '' Cantharidus pallidulus'' A. Adams, 1853 (taxon inquirendum)
* '' Cantharidus puysegurensis'' (Powell, 1939)
* '' Cantharidus roseopictus'' (E. A. Smith, 1913)
* '' Cantharidus sendersi'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
* '' Cantharidus turneri'' (Powell, 1939)
The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also mentions the following species with names in current use :
* '' Cantharidus vittata'' (Pilsbry, 1903)
Species and subspecies within the genus ''Cantharidus'' include:[* Powell A W B, ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ][A. Adams, Contributions towards a monograph of the Trochidae, a family of Gasteropodous Mollusca; Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1851 pt. 19 p. 170](_blank)
/ref>
* '' Cantharidus nitidulus'' A. Adams, 1851 (synonym: ''Trochus nitidulus'' Philippi)
* '' Cantharidus punctulosus'' A. Adams, 1851Dactylastele burnupi
''Dactylastele burnupi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.
Description
The height of the imperforate, conical shell attains 14 mm. The shell contains eight, flat whorls with deep sutu ...
'' (E. A. Smith, 1899)
* ''Cantharidus burchorum'' Marshall, 1998: synonym of '' Micrelenchus burchorum'' (B. A. Marshall, 1998)
* ''Cantharidus caelatus'' Hutton, 1884: synonym of '' Roseaplagis caelatus'' (Hutton, 1884)
* ''Cantharidus capillaceus coruscans'' ( Hedley, 1916): synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' ( Philippi, 1848)
* ''Cantharidus columna'' Dall, 1890: synonym of '' Halistylus columna'' (Dall, 1890)
* ''Cantharidus elongatus'' Wood: synonym of '' Thalotia elongata'' Sowerby, G.B. I, 1818
* ''Cantharidus fultoni'' (Melvill, 1898): synonym of '' Trochus fultoni'' Melvill, 1898
* ''Cantharidus gilberti'' Montrouzier, 1878: synonym of '' Cantharidus polychroma'' (A. Adams, 1853)
* ''Cantharidus hirasei'' Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of '' Phasianotrochus hirasei'' (Pilsbry, 1901)
* ''Cantharidus huttonii'' (E. A. Smith, 1876): synonym of '' Micrelenchus huttonii'' (E. A. Smith, 1876)
* ''Cantharidus infuscatus'' Gould, 1861: synonym of '' Kanekotrochus infuscatus'' (Gould, 1861)
* ''Cantharidus iris'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of '' Cantharidus opalus'' (Martyn, 1784)
* ''Cantharidus kotschyi'' (Philippi, 1849): synonym of '' Osilinus kotschyi'' (Philippi, 1849)
* ''Cantharidus lepidus'' Philippi, R.A., 1849: synonym of '' Strigosella lepida'' (Philippi, 1846)
* ''Cantharidus macquariensis'' (Hedley, 1916): synonym of '' Margarella macquariensis'' Hedley, 1916
* ''Cantharidus montagui'' (W. Wood, 1828): synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828)
* ''Cantharidus mortenseni'' (Odhner, 1924): synonym of '' Roseaplagis mortenseni'' (Odhner, 1924)
* ''Cantharidus oliveri'' Iredale, 1915: synonym of '' Cantharidus sanguineus'' (Gray, 1843)
* ''Cantharidus parcipictus'' (Powel, 1946): synonym of '' Cantharidus tenebrosus'' A. Adams, 1853
* ''Cantharidus picturatum'' A. Adams, 1851: synonym of '' Calliostoma picturatum'' (A. Adams, 1851)
* ''Cantharidus pliciferus'' Schepman, 1908: synonym of '' Perrinia plicifera'' (Schepman, 1908)
* ''Cantharidus polychroma'' (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of '' Jujubinus polychroma'' (A. Adams, 1853)
* ''Cantharidus pruninus'' Gould
Gould may refer to:
People
* Gould (name), a surname
Places United States
* Gould, Arkansas, a city
* Gould, Colorado, an unincorporated community
* Gould, Ohio, an unincorporated community
* Gould, Oklahoma, a town
* Gould, West Virginia, a ...
, 1849: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849) (error for pruninus)
* ''Cantharidus pruninus minor'' E. A. Smith, 1902: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849)
* ''Cantharidus pruninus perobtusus'' Pilsbry, H.A., 1889: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849)
* ''Cantharidus pulcherrimus'' (W. Wood, 1828): synonym of '' Prothalotia pulcherrima'' (W. Wood, 1828)
* ''Cantharidus purpureus'' ( Gmelin, 1791): synonym of '' Micrelenchus purpureus'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Cantharidus roseus'' (Hutton, 1873): synonym of '' Cantharidus antipodum'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848)
* ''Cantharidus rufozona'' (A. Adams, 1851): synonym of '' Roseaplagis rufozona'' (A. Adams, 1853) (original combination)
* ''Cantharidus sanguineus'' (Gray, J.E. in Dieffenbach, 1843): synonym of '' Micrelenchus sanguineus'' (Gray, 1843)
* ''Cantharidus sanguineus bakeri'' Fleming, 1948: synonym of '' Cantharidus artizona'' A. Adams, 1853
* ''Cantharidus sanguineus'' var. ''caelatus'' Hutton, 1884: synonym of '' Cantharidus caelatus'' Hutton, 1884
* ''Cantharidus sanguineus cryptus'' (Powell, 1946): synonym of '' Cantharidus sanguineus'' (Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843)
* ''Cantharidus sanguineus'' var. ''elongata'' Suter, 1897: synonym of '' Cantharidus artizona'' A. Adams, 1853
* ''Cantharidus simulatus'' Hutton: synonym of '' Cantharidus dilatatus'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
* ''Cantharidus suarezensis'' (P. Fischer, 1878): synonym of '' Jujubinus suarezensis'' (P. Fischer, 1878)
* ''Cantharidus suturalis'' (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of '' Prothalotia suturalis'' (A. Adams, 1853)
* ''Cantharidus tenebrosus'' A. Adams, 1851: synonym of '' Micrelenchus tenebrosus'' (A. Adams, 1853) (original combination)
* ''Cantharidus tenebrosus'' var. ''huttonii'' (E.A. Smith, 1876): synonym of '' Cantharidus huttonii'' (E. A. Smith, 1876)
* ''Cantharidus tessellatus'' (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of '' Micrelenchus tesselatus'' (A. Adams, 1853)
* ''Cantharidus tristis'' Thiele, 1930: synonym of '' Jujubinus polychromus'' (A. Adams, 1853)
* ''Cantharidus urbanus'' (Gould, 1861): synonym of '' Iwakawatrochus urbanus'' (Gould, 1861)
* ''Cantharidus zealandicus'' A. Adams, 1851: synonym of '' Cantharidus opalus'' ( Martyn, 1784)
References
Mollusca
* Powell A W B, ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
* Miller M & Batt G, ''Reef and Beach Life of New Zealand'', William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1973
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
* Marshall, B.A. 1998: ''The New Zealand Recent species of Cantharidus Montfort, 1810 and Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae).'' Molluscan Research 19: 107-156 (p. 130)
* Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) ''Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)''. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3137348
Trochidae
Gastropod genera