Sabellastarte magnifica (Magnificent feather duster worm)

Canalipalpata, also known as bristle-footed

annelid The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecolo ...

s or fan-head worms, is an order of

polychaete Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are ma ...

worm Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes (though not always). Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete wor ...

s, with 31 families in it including the suborder

Sabellida Sabellida is an order of annelid worms in the class Polychaeta. They are filter feeders with no buccal organ. The prostomium The prostomium (From Ancient Greek, meaning "before the mouth"; plural: prostomia; sometimes also called the "acron") ...

(families

Serpulidae The Serpulidae are a family of sessile, tube-building annelid worms in the class Polychaeta. The members of this family differ from other sabellid tube worms in that they have a specialized operculum that blocks the entrance of their tubes whe ...

(tubeworms) and

Sabellidae Sabellidae, or feather duster worms, are a family of marine polychaete tube worms characterized by protruding feathery branchiae. Sabellids build tubes out of a tough, parchment-like exudate, strengthened with sand and bits of shell. Unlike th ...

(fanworms and feather duster worms) and the Alvinellidae, a family of deep-sea worms associated with

hydrothermal vent A hydrothermal vent is a fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspot ...

s. The Canalipalpata have no teeth or jaws. Most are

filter feeder Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Some animals that use this method of feedin ...

s. They have grooved

palpi Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the second pair of appendages of chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and ...

, which are covered in cilia. These cilia are used to transport food particles to the mouth. However, the cilia and grooves have been lost in the

Siboglinidae Siboglinidae is a family of polychaete annelid worms whose members made up the former phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera (the giant tube worms). The family is composed of about 100 species of vermiform creatures which live in thin tubes buri ...

family.

Fossil record

The earliest known member of the Canalipalpata is '' Terebellites franklini'', which was found in the

Clouds Rapids Formation In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of miniature liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body or similar space. Water or various other chemicals may comp ...

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...

, and dates from the mid

Cambrian The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million years ago ( ...

(St David's series).

Use in aquaria

Many species of Canalipalpata are visually attractive. Fanworms and Christmas tree worms (a type of serpulid) are recommended as species for beginners to keep in a

marine aquarium A marine aquarium is an aquarium that keeps marine plants and animals in a contained environment. Marine aquaria are further subdivided by hobbyists into fish only (FO), fish only with live rock (FOWLR), and reef aquaria. Fish only tanks often ...

Taxonomy

Order Canalipalpata * Suborder

** Family

Oweniidae Oweniidae is a family of marine polychaete worms in the suborder Sabellida. The worms live in tubes made of sand and are selective filter feeders, detritivores and grazers. Characteristics Members of this family live in tubes made of sand and sh ...

** Family

Sabellariidae Sabellariidae is a family of marine polychaete worms in the suborder Sabellida. The worms live in tubes made of sand and are filter feeders and detritivores. Characteristics Members of this family live in tubes made of sand and shell fragments c ...

** Family

(Feather duster worms) ** Family

** Family

(Beard worms) ** Family Spirorbidae * Suborder

Spionida Spionida is an order of marine polychaete worms in the infraclass Canalipalpata. Spionids are cosmopolitan and live in soft substrates in the littoral or neritic zones. Characteristics Spionids have a single pair of flexible feeding tentacle ...

** Family Apistobranchidae ** Family Chaetophteridae ** Family Longosomatidae ** Family Magelonidae ** Family Poecilochaetidae ** Family

Spionidae Spionidae is a family of marine worms within the Polychaeta. Spionids are selective deposit feeders that use their two grooved palps to locate prey. However, some spionids are capable of interface feeding, i.e. switching between deposit and sus ...

** Family

Trochochaetidae Trochochaetidae is a family of polychaetes belonging to the order Spionida Spionida is an order of marine polychaete worms in the infraclass Canalipalpata. Spionids are cosmopolitan and live in soft substrates in the littoral or neritic zon ...

** Family Uncispionidae * Suborder

Terebellida Terebellida make up an order of the Polychaeta class, commonly referred to as "bristle worms". Together with the Sabellida, the Spionida and some enigmatic families of unclear taxonomic relationship (e.g. the Saccocirridae), they make up the ...

** Family Acrocirridae ** Family Alvinellidae ** Family Ampharetidae ** Family Cirratulidae ** Family Ctenodrilidae ** Family Fauveliopsidae ** Family

Flabelligeridae Flabelligeridae is a family of polychaete worms, known as bristle-cage worms, notable for their cephalic cage: long slender chaetae forming a fan-like arrangement surrounding the eversible (able to be turned inside-out) head. Unlike many polychae ...

** Family

Flotidae Flotidae is a family of pelagic polychaete worms, sometimes synonymized with Flabelligeridae, which they closely resemble. Other sources consider them the sister taxon to Flabelligeridae and closely allied to the latter group.Zhadan, A. E., and A ...

** Family Pectinariidae (Trumpet worms) ** Family Poeobiidae ** Family Sternaspidae ** Family Terebellidae (Spaghetti worms) ** Family

Trichobranchidae Trichobranchidae is a family of annelid The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species ...

* ''

Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertaint ...

'' ** Family Polygordiidae ** Family Protodrilidae ** Family Protodriloididae ** Family Saccocirridae

References

External links

* Encyclopedia of Life: http://www.eol.org/pages/124?category_id=226 * Images from the canalipalpata order: http://zipcodezoo.com/index.php/Canalipalpata {{Taxonbar, from=Q3817224 Protostome orders