Campaign to the North of Daqing River
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The Campaign to the North of Daqing River was a series of battles fought between the
nationalists Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...
and the
communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
in
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
, China during the
Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...
in the post-
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
era.


Prelude

In July 1947, the nationalists in Northern China launched an offensive to eradicate communists in the local regions and stationed troops in the towns and cities of the newly conquered regions for a garrison. The communists, in turn, attempted to retake the lost region by attempting to annihilate the nationalist force and dislodge the surviving nationalists from their new posts.


Order of battle

Nationalist
order of battle In modern use, the order of battle of an armed force participating in a military operation or campaign shows the hierarchical organization, command structure, strength, disposition of personnel, and equipment of units and formations of the arme ...
: *The 94th Army *The 4th Division of the 13th Army *The 22nd Division of the 16th Army *The 94th
Division Division or divider may refer to: Mathematics *Division (mathematics), the inverse of multiplication *Division algorithm, a method for computing the result of mathematical division Military *Division (military), a formation typically consisting ...
*The Independent 95th
Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements. It is roughly equivalent to an enlarged or reinforced regiment. Two or more brigades may constitute a division. B ...
*A security regiment Communist
order of battle In modern use, the order of battle of an armed force participating in a military operation or campaign shows the hierarchical organization, command structure, strength, disposition of personnel, and equipment of units and formations of the arme ...
: *The 2nd Column of the communist Shanxi- Chahar-
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
Field Army *The 3rd Column of the communist Shanxi- Chahar-
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
Field Army *The 4th Column of the communist Shanxi- Chahar-
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
Field Army *The Independent 7th Brigade of the communist Central
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
Military Region


The Campaign

On the night of September 2, 1947, the communist 3rd Column took the town of Xushui (徐水), inflicting heavy casualties on the nationalist Independent 95th Brigade in the surprise attack, and forcing the defenders to abandon the town to regroup. After the initial success, the communists played the same trick again, this time targeting Laishui (涞水). This time, the nationalist garrison of the 5th Division of the 94th Army became the victim and was forced to abandon the city after suffering heavy loss in a fierce battle that lasted from September 6, 1947, to September 8, 1947. The three divisions of the nationalist 94th Army, the 5th Division, the 43rd Division and the 121st Division each sent out a regiment to reinforce the defenders at Laishui (涞水), while the 4th Division of the nationalist 13th Army and the 22nd Division of the nationalist 16th Army were mobilized for reinforcement by railway transportation. Although the nationalist response to sending out reinforcement was swift, the reinforcement was extremely slow in reaching their destination because major sections of the railway from Solid City (Gu Cheng, 固城) to
Baoding Baoding (), formerly known as Baozhou and Qingyuan, is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately southwest of Beijing. As of the 2010 census, Baoding City had 11,194,382 inhabitants out of which 2,176,857 lived in the b ...
, the important transportation the nationalists depended on, was destroyed by the enemy units from the communist 5th and 9th sub-Military Regions. As a result, before the nationalists reaching their destination, the communist 3rd Column had plenty of time transferring a lot of supplies captured at Laishui (涞水) to other communist bases and then turning toward Liang (良) County, Fangshan, and Zhuo (涿) County to further strike and harass Nationalist garrisons in these regions by the night of September 9, 1947. While the nationalist reinforcement was out, the communist 2nd Column and the 4th Column attempted to annihilate the isolated nationalist 94th Division. On September 10, 1947, the communist 2nd Column threatened a
brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements. It is roughly equivalent to an enlarged or reinforced regiment. Two or more brigades may constitute a division. B ...
and a
regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscript ...
of the nationalist 109th Division at Ban Family's Nest (Ban Jia Wo, 板家窝), after wiping out the nationalist
battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions a ...
stationed at Wu Family's Stage (Wu Jia Tai, 吴家台). The Independent 7th Brigade of the communist Central
Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
Military Region had taken most of the town of Ba (霸) County after badly mauling the loca nationalist garrison consisted of a nationalist security regiment and a regiment of the nationalist 22nd Division, forcing the surviving defenders into the isolated region of Northern Pass (Bei Guan, 北关) of the town. At Open Mouth Village (Kai Ko Cun, 开口村), units from the communist 10 sub-Military Region forced the defenders consisted of a regiment of the nationalist 94th Division to give up most of the area and withdrew into three large bunker complexes. However, communists failed to annihilate the nationalist's forces at Jiu Hill (Jiu Gang, 咎岗) consisted of a brigade and two regiments after the communist 4th Column was beaten back twice in their attacks on the besieged nationalists. On September 12, 1947, the 4th Division of the nationalist 13th Army, the 22nd Division of the 16th Army, the nationalist Independent 95th Brigade, and the nationalist 157th Brigade went out to reinforce their besieged comrades-in-arms and learning the news, the communists withdrew, and the campaigned ended in stalemate.


Outcome

The result of this campaign was indecisive because neither side had achieved their original objective completely. For the communists, they had succeeded in forcing the nationalists to end their communist eradication offensive early and retreated to the urban centers; they had failed to achieve their original goal of annihilating the nationalist 94th Division. For the nationalists, they were successful in avoiding annihilation and beaten back enemy attacks on urban centers, but their communist eradication campaign was forced to end early with vast newly conquered rural areas falling back into the enemy hands. The campaign, therefore, can be described as a stalemate.


See also

* List of battles of the Chinese Civil War * National Revolutionary Army *
History of the People's Liberation Army The history of the People's Liberation Army began in 1927 with the start of the Chinese Civil War and spans to the present, having developed from a peasant guerrilla force into the largest armed force in the world. Historical background Th ...
*
Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...


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Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
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Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...
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Chinese Communist The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ...
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