Callicarpa

''Callicarpa'' (beautyberry) is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Lamiaceae.Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. They are native to east and southeast Asia (where the majority of the species occur), Australia, Madagascar, southeast North America and South America.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
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Growth

The temperate species are deciduous, the tropical species evergreen. The leaves are simple, opposite, and 5–25 cm long. The flowers are in clusters, white to pinkish. The fruit is a berry, 2–5 mm diameter and pink to red-purple with a highly distinctive metallic lustre, are very conspicuous in clusters on the bare branches after the leaves fall. The berries last well into the winter or dry season and are an important survival food for birds and other animals, though they will not eat them until other sources are depleted. The berries are highly astringent but are made into wine and jelly. ''Callicarpa'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species in Asia including '' Endoclita malabaricus'' and '' Endoclita undulifer''.

Familiar species

American beautyberry ''Callicarpa americana'' is native to the southeastern United States. It can typically reach 1 to 2 meters in height. A jelly can be made from its ripe berries.

Ornamental varieties of ''Callicarpa americana'' have been bred to have pink or white berries.

* Bodinier's beautyberry ''Callicarpa bodinieri'', native to west-central China (Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi), is more cold-tolerant than ''C. americana'', and is the species most widely cultivated in northwestern Europe. It can reach 3 meters tall.
* Japanese beautyberry ''Callicarpa japonica'', native to Japan, is also cultivated in gardens. It is called ''Murasakishikibu'' in Japanese, in honor of Murasaki Shikibu.
* Purple beautyberry ''Callicarpa dichotoma'', native to Japan, China, and Korea.

Uses

Insect repellent

American beautyberry has been used as a folk remedy to prevent mosquito bites. Four chemicals isolated from ''Callicarpa'' have been shown to act as insect repellents: borneol, callicarpenal, intermedeol, and spathulenol. The use of callicarpenal has been patented by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Research Service as a mosquito repellent.

Anticancer activity

The beautyberry leaves have been shown to possess anticancer activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549 via alteration of the redox homeostasis.

Species

Accepted species

#'' Callicarpa aculeolata'' Schauer - Dominican Republic
#'' Callicarpa acuminata'' Kunth - Latin America from Mexico to Bolivia
#'' Callicarpa acutidens'' Schauer - Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa acutifolia'' C.H.Chang - Guangxi, Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa albidotomentella'' Merr. - Luzon
#'' Callicarpa alongensis'' Dop - Vietnam
#''Callicarpa americana'' L. - southeastern United States from Texas to Maryland; Cuba, Bermuda, Bahamas
#'' Callicarpa ampla'' Schauer - Puerto Rico
#'' Callicarpa angusta'' Schauer - Philippines
#'' Callicarpa angustifolia'' King & Gamble - Indochina, southern China
#'' Callicarpa anisodonta'' Bramley - Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa anisophylla'' C.Y.Wu ex W.Z.Fang - Guangxi, Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa anomala'' (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt - Sarawak
#'' Callicarpa apoensis'' Elmer - Mindanao
#'' Callicarpa arborea'' Roxb. - southern China, Tibet, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Andaman Islands, New Guinea
#'' Callicarpa areolata'' Urb. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa argentii'' Bramley - Kalimantan
#'' Callicarpa badipilosa'' S.Atkins - Brunei
#'' Callicarpa barbata'' Ridl. - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa basilanensis'' Merr. - Basilan, Mindanao
#'' Callicarpa basitruncata'' Merr. ex Moldenke - Hainan
#'' Callicarpa baviensis'' Moldenke - Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa bicolor'' Juss - Philippines, Sulawesi, Bismarck Archipelago, Palau
#''Callicarpa bodinieri'' H.Lév - Indochina, southern China
#'' Callicarpa bodinieroides'' R.H.Miao - Guizhou
#'' Callicarpa borneensis'' Moldenke - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa bracteata'' Dop - Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa brevipes'' (Benth.) Hance - Vietnam, Cambodia, southern China
#'' Callicarpa brevipetiolata'' Merr. - Sumatra
#'' Callicarpa brevistyla'' Munir - Northern Territory of Australia
#'' Callicarpa bucheri'' Moldenke - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa candicans'' (Burm.f.) Hochr. - China, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, northern Australia, Micronesia
#'' Callicarpa cathayana'' C.H.Chang - southern China
#'' Callicarpa caudata'' Maxim. - Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Queensland
#'' Callicarpa cinnamomea'' (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa collina'' Diels - Guangdong, Jiangxi
#'' Callicarpa coriacea'' Bramley - Sabah
#'' Callicarpa crassinervis'' Urb. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa cubensis'' Urb. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa cuneifolia'' Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa denticulata'' Merr. - Batan in Phlippines
#'' Callicarpa dentosa'' (H.T.Chang) W.Z.Fang - Guangdong
#''Callicarpa dichotoma'' (Lour.) K.Koch - China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa dolichophylla'' Merr. - southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Luzon
#'' Callicarpa endertii'' (Moldenke) Bramley - Kalimantan
#'' Callicarpa erioclona'' Schauer - Vietnam, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Philippines, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
#'' Callicarpa erythrosticta'' Merr. & Chun - Hainan
#'' Callicarpa fasciculiflora'' Merr. - Bucas Grande in Philippines
#'' Callicarpa ferruginea'' Sw. - Cuba, Jamaica
#'' Callicarpa flavida'' Elmer - Mindanao, Dinagat
#'' Callicarpa floccosa'' Urb. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa fulva'' A.Rich. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa fulvohirsuta'' Merr. - Sabah
#'' Callicarpa furfuracea'' Ridl. - Thailand, Malaysia
#'' Callicarpa gibaroana'' Baro & P.Herrera - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa giraldii'' Hesse ex Rehder - China
#'' Callicarpa glabra'' Koidz. - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
#'' Callicarpa glabrifolia'' S.Atkins - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa gracilipes'' Rehder - Sichuan, Hubei
#'' Callicarpa grandiflora'' (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Sumatra, Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa grisebachii'' Urb. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa havilandii'' (King & Gamble) H.J.Lam - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa heterotricha'' Merr. - Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa hispida'' (Moldenke) Bramley - Sabah
#'' Callicarpa hitchcockii'' Millsp. - Bahamas, Cuba
#'' Callicarpa homoeophylla'' (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Borneo, Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa hungtaii'' C.Pei & S.L.Chen - Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa hypoleucophylla'' T.P.Lin & J.L.Wang - Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa inaequalis'' Teijsm. & Binn. ex Bakh. - Java
#'' Callicarpa integerrima'' Champ. ex Benth. - southern China
#'' Callicarpa involucrata'' Merr. - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa japonica'' Thunb. - China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa kerrii'' Leerat. & A.J.Paton - Thailand
#'' Callicarpa kinabaluensis'' Bakh. & Heine - Sabah
#'' Callicarpa kochiana'' Makino - China, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa kwangtungensis'' Chun - southern China
#'' Callicarpa laciniata'' H.J.Lam - Timor
#'' Callicarpa lamii'' Hosok - Mariana Islands
#'' Callicarpa lancifolia'' Millsp. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa leonis'' Moldenke - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa lingii'' Merr. - Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
#'' Callicarpa loboapiculata'' Metcalf - Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan.
#'' Callicarpa longibracteata'' C.H.Chang - Hong Kong
#'' Callicarpa longifolia'' Lam. - China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Christmas Island, Queensland
#'' Callicarpa longipes'' Dunn - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi
#'' Callicarpa longipetiolata'' Merr. - Luzon
#'' Callicarpa luteopunctata'' C.H.Chang - Sichuan, Yunnan
#'' Callicarpa macrophylla'' Vahl. - China, Himalayas, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland
#'' Callicarpa madagascariensis'' Moldenke - Madagascar
#'' Callicarpa magnifolia'' Merr. - Luzon
#'' Callicarpa maingayi'' King & Gamble - Thailand to Malaya
#'' Callicarpa membranacea'' C.H.Chang - China
#'' Callicarpa mendumiae'' Bramley - Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa micrantha'' S.Vidal - Philippines, Micronesia
#'' Callicarpa moana'' Borhidi & O.Muñiz - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa moldenkeana'' A.Rajendran & P.Daniel - Meghalaya
#'' Callicarpa mollis'' Siebold & Zucc. - Japan, Korea
#'' Callicarpa nipensis'' Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa nishimurae'' Koidz. - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
#'' Callicarpa nudiflora'' Hook. & Arn. - China, Himalayas, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
#'' Callicarpa oblanceolata'' Urb. - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa oligantha'' Merr. - Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa oshimensis'' Hayata - Ryukyu Islands
#'' Callicarpa pachyclada'' Quisumb. & Merr. - Luzon, Samar
#'' Callicarpa paloensis'' Elmer - Luzon, Leyte
#'' Callicarpa parvifolia'' Hook. & Arn. - Nayarit
#'' Callicarpa pauciflora'' Chun ex H.T.Chang - Guangdong, Jiangxi
#'' Callicarpa pedunculata'' R.Br. - China, Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Australia
#'' Callicarpa peichieniana'' H.Ma & W.B.Yu - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan
#'' Callicarpa pentandra'' Roxb. - Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
#'' Callicarpa petelotii'' Dop - Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa phuluangensis'' Leerat. & A.J.Paton - Thailand
#'' Callicarpa pilosissima'' Maxim. - Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa pingshanensis'' C.Y.Wu ex W.Z.Fang - Sichuan
#'' Callicarpa platyphylla'' Merr. - Luzon, Polillo
#'' Callicarpa plumosa'' Quisumb. & Merr. - Luzon
#'' Callicarpa prolifera'' C.Y.Wu - Yunnan, Guangxi
#'' Callicarpa pseudorubella'' C.H.Chang - Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa pseudoverticillata'' Bramley - Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa psilocalyx'' C.B.Clarke - Meghalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia
#'' Callicarpa pullei'' (H.J.Lam) Govaerts - New Guinea
#'' Callicarpa quaternifolia'' (Hallier f.) Govaerts - Borneo, Sulawesi
#'' Callicarpa ramiflora'' Merr. - Philippines
#'' Callicarpa randaiensis'' Hayata - Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa remotiflora'' T.P.Lin & J.L.Wang - Hengchun Peninsula in Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa remotiserrulata'' Hayata - Hengchun Peninsula in Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa resinosa'' C.Wright & Moldenke - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa reticulata'' Sw. - Jamaica
#'' Callicarpa revoluta'' Moldenke - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa ridleyi'' S.Moore - Java
#'' Callicarpa roigii'' Britton - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa rubella'' Lindl. - China, Himalayas, Southeast Asia
#'' Callicarpa rudis'' S.Moore - Sumatra
#'' Callicarpa ruptofoliata'' R.H.Miao - Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa saccata'' Steenis - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa salicifolia'' C.Pei & W.Z.Fang - southern China
#'' Callicarpa scandens'' (Moldenke) Govaerts - Sabah
#'' Callicarpa selleana'' Urb. & Ekman - Massif de la Selle in Haiti
#'' Callicarpa shaferi'' Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa shikokiana'' Makino - Japan
#'' Callicarpa × shirasawana'' Makino - Japan ''(C. japonica × C. mollis)''
#'' Callicarpa simondii'' Dop - Vietnam
#'' Callicarpa siongsaiensis'' Metcalf - Fujian
#'' Callicarpa sordida'' Urb. - Dominican Republic
#'' Callicarpa stapfii'' Moldenke - Sabah
#'' Callicarpa subaequalis'' Bramley - Kalimantan
#'' Callicarpa subalbida'' Elmer - Luzon, Mindoro
#'' Callicarpa subglandulosa'' Elmer - Luzon, Negros
#'' Callicarpa subintegra'' Merr. - Luzon
#'' Callicarpa subpubescens'' Hook. & Arn. - Bonin Islands, Volcano Islands
#'' Callicarpa superposita'' Merr. - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa surigaensis'' Merr. - Samar, Mindanao
#'' Callicarpa takakumensis'' Hatus - Mt. Takakuma in Japan
#'' Callicarpa teneriflora'' Bramley - Kalimantan
#'' Callicarpa thozetii'' Munir - Queensland
#'' Callicarpa tikusikensis'' Masam. - Taiwan
#'' Callicarpa tingwuensis'' C.H.Chang - Guangdong
#'' Callicarpa toaensis'' Borhidi & O.Muñiz - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa tomentosa'' (L.) L. - Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya
#'' Callicarpa × tosaensis'' Makino - Japan ''(C. japonica × C. kochiana)''
#'' Callicarpa vansteenisii'' Moldenke - Sumatra
#'' Callicarpa vestita'' Wall. ex C.B.Clarke - eastern Himalayas, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Assam
#'' Callicarpa woodii'' Merr. - Borneo
#'' Callicarpa wrightii'' Britton & P.Wilson - Cuba
#'' Callicarpa yunnanensis'' W.Z.Fang - Yunnan, Vietnam

References

External links

Dr. Duke's Databases: ''Callicarpa americana'' - List of Chemicals

''Callicarpa'' info


Eat The Weeds - Beautyberry

{{Taxonbar, from=Q133831

Lamiaceae genera
Medicinal plants
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus