The C with bar (
majuscule: Ꞓ,
minuscule
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
: ꞓ), also known as barred C, is a modified letter of the
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and th ...
, formed from
C with the addition of a
bar
Bar or BAR may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages
* Candy bar
* Chocolate bar
Science and technology
* Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment
* Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud
* Bar (u ...
. It was used in the final version of the
Unified Northern Alphabet
The Unified Northern Alphabet (UNA) (russian: Единый северный алфавит) was created during the Latinisation in the Soviet Union for the "small" languages of the North.
Systematic work on the development of writing in the lan ...
, approved in 1932, for
Saami,
Selkup,
Khanty
The Khanty ( Khanty: ханти, ''hanti''), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (russian: остяки) are a Ugric indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, togethe ...
,
Evenki,
Even
Even may refer to:
General
* Even (given name), a Norwegian male personal name
* Even (surname)
* Even (people), an ethnic group from Siberia and Russian Far East
** Even language, a language spoken by the Evens
* Odd and Even, a solitaire game w ...
,
Nanai,
Udege,
Chukchi,
Koryak and
Nivkh languages
to denote the sound , although in some of these languages in practice, several other alphabets were used. Also, this letter was used in the
Latinized Shugnan alphabet (1931-1939) to denote the sound .
The United States
Federal Geographic Data Committee
The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is a United States government committee which promotes the coordinated development, use, sharing, and dissemination of geospatial data on a national basis. Its 32 members are representatives from the E ...
uses the capital barred C to represent the
Cambrian Period in geologic history. In
phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or ''phones'') by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the I ...
, the lowercase barred C may denote a
voiceless palatal fricative
The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is C. It is the non-sibilant equi ...
(
IPA
IPA commonly refers to:
* India pale ale, a style of beer
* International Phonetic Alphabet, a system of phonetic notation
* Isopropyl alcohol, a chemical compound
IPA may also refer to:
Organizations International
* Insolvency Practitioners ...
: ), and in 1963, it was proposed as a symbol for a voiceless flat postalveolar fricative by
William A. Smalley
William Allen Smalley (April 4, 1923December 16, 1997) was an American linguist. He is best known for his role in the development of the Romanized Popular Alphabet for the Hmong language.
Noble, Holcomb B. (1997)'William Smalley, 74, Linguist ...
.
In 19th-century American English dictionaries such as those by
Noah Webster
Noah ''Nukh''; am, ኖህ, ''Noḥ''; ar, نُوح '; grc, Νῶε ''Nôe'' () is the tenth and last of the pre-Flood patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions. His story appears in the Hebrew Bible ( Book of Genesis, chapters 5� ...
and
William Holmes McGuffey
William Holmes McGuffey (September 23, 1800 – May 4, 1873) was a college professor and president who is best known for writing the '' McGuffey Readers'', the first widely used series of elementary school-level textbooks. More than 120 million c ...
, the letter was used to denote pronounced as .
Computer encoding
Its
Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, wh ...
codepoints are and .
See also
*
Ukrainian Ye (Є є)
References
{{Latin script, C, stroke
Latin letters with diacritics
Phonetic transcription symbols