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Chayka (russian: Чайка, lit. "seagull") also known as Radioteknicheskaya Systema Dalyoloiy Navigatsii abbreviated as RSDN (lit. Russian Hyperbolic Radio Navigation System) is a Russian terrestrial
Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different pulse repetition frequencies (Group Repetition Intervals, or GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies.
There are 5 Chayka chains in use:
*GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
*GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
*GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
*GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
*GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
*And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970),
radio navigation
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio frequencies to determine a position of an object on the Earth, either the vessel or an obstruction. Like radiolocation, it is a type of radiodetermination.
The basic principles a ...
system, similar to Loran-C
Loran-C is a hyperbolic radio navigation system that allows a receiver to determine its position by listening to low frequency radio signals that are transmitted by fixed land-based radio beacons. Loran-C combined two different techniques to ...
. It operates on similar frequencies around 100 kHz, and uses the same techniques of comparing both the envelope and the signal phase to accurately determine location. The systems differ primarily in details.
Chayka-Chains
Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different pulse repetition frequencies (Group Repetition Intervals, or GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies.
There are 5 Chayka chains in use:
*GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
*GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
*GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
*GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
*GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
*And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970), Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part ...
n, Angarsk
Angarsk ( rus, Ангарск, p=ɐnˈgarsk) is a city and the administrative center of Angarsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kitoy River, from Irkutsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
It wa ...
, Sayansk, Transbaikal
Transbaikal, Trans-Baikal, Transbaikalia ( rus, Забайка́лье, r=Zabaykalye, p=zəbɐjˈkalʲjɪ), or Dauria (, ''Dauriya'') is a mountainous region to the east of or "beyond" (trans-) Lake Baikal in Far Eastern Russia.
The steppe and ...
ian, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.
Chayka Transmitters
The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar toLORAN-C
Loran-C is a hyperbolic radio navigation system that allows a receiver to determine its position by listening to low frequency radio signals that are transmitted by fixed land-based radio beacons. Loran-C combined two different techniques to ...
transmitters). The masts at Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high.
GRI 8000
GRI 7950
GRI 5980
GRI 5960
(No longer in service)GRI 4970
GRI 5970
See also
*LORAN
LORAN, short for long range navigation, was a hyperbolic radio navigation system developed in the United States during World War II. It was similar to the UK's Gee system but operated at lower frequencies in order to provide an improved range ...
, the Western counterpart of Chayka
* Alpha
Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἄλφα, ''álpha'', or ell, άλφα, álfa) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph , whi ...
, the Russian counterpart of the Omega Navigation System
OMEGA was the first global-range radio navigation system, operated by the United States in cooperation with six partner nations. It was a hyperbolic navigation system, enabling ships and aircraft to determine their position by receiving very low ...
, still in use as of November 2017.
* OMEGA
Omega (; capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Ancient Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the twenty-fourth and final letter in the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/ isopsephy ( gematria), it has a value of 800. The ...
, the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.
* Russian 460 metre radio mast The Russian 460 metres radio masts are among the most secret supertall structures ever built. Three such masts, which were developed b were erected in mid-1980s near Inta, Dudinka and Taymylyr as masts for the North Siberian Chayka Chain for transmi ...
Radio navigation
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Soviet inventions
Communications in the Soviet Union
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