''Cyprinus'' is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been Introduced species, introduced to many other regions around the world. ''Cyprinus'' are closely related to some more barb (fish), barb-like genera, such as ''Cyclocheilichthys'' and ''Barbonymus'' (tinfoils). The crucian carps (''Carassius'') of western Eurasia, which include the goldfish (''C. auratus''), are apparently not as closely related. This genus's most widespread and well-known member is the common carp (''C. carpio'') species complex. Although traditionally considered a single species, recent authorities have split the European and West Asian populations from the East Asian, with the latter named ''Cyprinus rubrofuscus, C. rubrofuscus'' (syn. ''C. carpio haematopterus''). Members of the species complex are famed as a food fish and have been widely traded and introduced since ancient history, antiquity, but in certain areas has multiplied inordinately and become a Pest (organism), pest. In its long use it has been domesticated, and a number of breeds have been developed for food and other purposes. The koi (from Japanese (language), Japanese ''nishikigoi'', 錦鯉) are well-known carp breeds, Selective breeding, selectively bred for being enjoyed by spectators from above. Strictly speaking, ''koi'' is simply the Japanese name of the East Asian carp. The other species of typical carp are generally found in more restricted areas of eastern Asia, centered on the Yunnan region. In some cases, they are Endemism, endemic to a single lake, most notably Lake Erhai, as well as Lake Dian, Fuxian Lake, Lake Jilu, Lake Qilihu, Lake Xingyun and Lake Yi-Lung, which are all in Yunnan proper. Several of these species are seriously threatened and five are possibly already extinct: ''Cyprinus yilongensis, C. yilongensis'' (Lake Yi-Lung), ''Cyprinus yunnanensis, C. yunnanensis'' (Lake Qilihu), ''Cyprinus daliensis, C. daliensis'' (Lake Erhai), ''Cyprinus megalophthalmus, C. megalophthalmus'' (Lake Erhai) and ''Cyprinus fuxianensis, C. fuxianensis'' (Fuxian Lake).Wang, Wang, Li, Du, Yang, Lassoie, and Hassan (2013). ''Six decades of changes in vascular hydrophyte and fish species in three plateau lakes in Yunnan, China.'' Biodivers. Conserv. 22: 3197–3221. doi: 10.1007/s10531-013-0579-0

Species

The following species are currently recognized in the genus. * ''Cyprinus acutidorsalis'' Chen Hsiang-Lin, H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''Cyprinus barbatus'' Chen Hsiang-Lin, H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''Cyprinus carpio'' Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 1758 * ''Cyprinus chilia'' Wu Hsien-Wen, H. W. Wu, Yang Gan-Rong, G. R. Yang, Yue Pei-Qi, P. Q. Yue & Huang Hong-Jin, H. J. Huang, 1963 * ''Cyprinus dai'' (Nguyễn Văn Hảo, V. H. Nguyễn & Doan Le Hoa, L. H. Doan, 1969) * ''Cyprinus daliensis'' Chen Hsiang-Lin, H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''Cyprinus exophthalmus'' Mai Đinh Yên, Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 * ''Cyprinus fuxianensis'' Yang et al., 1977 * ''Cyprinus hieni'' Nguyen Thai Tu, T. T. Nguyen & Hồ Anh Tuấn, A. T. Ho, 2003 * ''Cyprinus hyperdorsalis'' Nguyễn Văn Hảo, V. H. Nguyễn, 1991 * ''Cyprinus ilishaestomus'' Chen Hsiang-Lin, H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''Cyprinus intha'' Nelson Annandale, Annandale, 1918 * ''Cyprinus longipectoralis'' Chen Hsiang-Lin, H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''Cyprinus longzhouensis'' Y. J. Yang & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''Cyprinus megalophthalmus'' Wu Hsien-Wen, H. W. Wu et al., 1963 * ''Cyprinus melanes'' (Mai Đinh Yên, Đ. Y. Mai, 1978) * ''Cyprinus micristius'' Charles Tate Regan, Regan, 1906 * ''Cyprinus multitaeniatus'' Jacques Pellegrin, Pellegrin & Pierre Chevey, Chevey, 1936 * ''Cyprinus pellegrini'' Tchang Tchung-Lin, T. L. Tchang, 1933 * ''Cyprinus qionghaiensis'' Liu Chen-Han, C. H. Liu, 1981 * ''Cyprinus quidatensis'' Nguyen Thai Tu, T. T. Nguyen, Le Viet Thang, V. T. Le, Le Thi Binh, T. B. Le & Nguyễn Xuân Khoa, X. K. Nguyễn, 1999 * ''Cyprinus rubrofuscus'' Bernard Germain de Lacépède, Lacépède, 1803 Cyprinus rubrofuscus Bleeker

* extinct, †''Cyprinus yilongensis'' Yang et al., 1977 * ''Cyprinus yunnanensis'' Tchang Tchung-Lin, T. L. Tchang, 1933

Fossil species

* fossil, †''Cyprinus priscus'' von Meyer (fossil species from Miocene Germany)

Footnotes

References

* (2007): Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small ''Barbus'' species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation. ''Animal Biology (journal), Anim. Biol.'' 57(1): 39–48. (HTML abstract) {{Authority control Cyprinus, Cyprininae Carp Fauna of Yunnan Extant Miocene first appearances Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Freshwater fish genera