Cyprinidae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the

carp The term carp (: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family (biology), family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized game fish, quarries and a ...

s, the true minnows, and their relatives the

barb Barb or the BARBs or ''variation'' may refer to: People * Barb (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname * Barb, a term used by fans of Nicki Minaj to refer to themselves * The Barbs, a band Places * Barb, ...

s and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 1,780 species divided into 166 valid

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

. Cyprinids range from about in size to the giant barb (''Catlocarpio siamensis''). By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes. The family name is derived from the Greek word ( 'carp').

Biology and ecology

Cyprinids are stomachless, or ''agastric'', fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow. These pharyngeal teeth allow the fish to make chewing motions against a chewing plate formed by a bony process of the skull. The pharyngeal teeth are unique to each species and are used to identify species. Strong pharyngeal teeth allow fish such as the common carp and ide to eat hard baits such as snails and bivalves. Hearing is a well-developed sense in the cyprinids since they have the Weberian organ, three specialized vertebral processes that transfer motion of the gas bladder to the inner ear. The vertebral processes of the Weberian organ also permit a cyprinid to detect changes in motion of the gas bladder due to atmospheric conditions or depth changes. The cyprinids are considered physostomes because the pneumatic duct is retained in adult stages and the fish are able to gulp air to fill the gas bladder, or they can dispose of excess gas to the gut. Giant Barb

Cyprinids are native to

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

, and

Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...

. The largest known cyprinid is the giant barb (''Catlocarpio siamensis''), which may grow up to in length and in weight. Other very large species that can surpass are the golden mahseer (''Tor putitora'') and mangar (''Luciobarbus esocinus''). The largest North American species is the Colorado pikeminnow (''Ptychocheilus lucius''), which can reach up to in length. Conversely, many species are smaller than . The smallest known fish is '' Paedocypris progenetica'', reaching at the longest. All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs; however, a few species build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterlings of subfamily Acheilognathinae are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve

molluscs Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

, where the young develop until able to fend for themselves. Cyprinids contain the only known example of

androgenesis Androgenesis is a system of asexual reproduction that requires the presence of eggs and occurs when a zygote is produced with only paternal nuclear genes. During standard sexual reproduction, one female parent and one male parent each produce h ...

in a vertebrate, in the Squalius alburnoides allopolyploid complex. Most cyprinids feed mainly on

invertebrates Invertebrates are animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''spine'' or ''backbone''), which evolved from the notochord. It is a paraphyletic grouping including all animals excluding the chordate subphylum ...

and

vegetation Vegetation is an assemblage of plants and the ground cover they provide. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular Taxon, taxa, life forms, structure, Spatial ecology, spatial extent, or any other specific Botany, botanic ...

, probably due to the lack of teeth and stomach; however, some species, like the asp, are predators that specialize in fish. Many species, such as the ide and the common rudd, prey on small fish when individuals become large enough. Even small species, such as the moderlieschen, are opportunistic predators that will eat larvae of the common frog in artificial circumstances. Some cyprinids, such as the grass carp, are specialized herbivores; others, such as the common nase, eat algae and

biofilm A biofilm is a Syntrophy, syntrophic Microbial consortium, community of microorganisms in which cell (biology), cells cell adhesion, stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy ext ...

s, while others, such as the black carp, specialize in snails, and some, such as the silver carp, are specialized filter feeders. For this reason, cyprinids are often introduced as a management tool to control various factors in the aquatic environment, such as aquatic vegetation and diseases transmitted by snails. Unlike most fish species, cyprinids generally increase in abundance in eutrophic lakes. Here, they contribute towards positive feedback as they are efficient at eating the zooplankton that would otherwise graze on the algae, reducing its abundance.

Relationship with humans

Food

Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed across

. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten because they make the largest part of

biomass Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms. In the latter context, there are variations in how ...

in most water types except for fast-flowing rivers. In Eastern Europe, they are often prepared with traditional methods such as drying and salting. The prevalence of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places, they remain popular for food, as well as

recreational fishing Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing or game fishing, is fishing for leisure, exercise or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is occupational fishing activities done for profit; or subsistence fishing, ...

, for ornamental use, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.

Sport

Cyprinids are popular for angling especially for match fishing (due to their dominance in biomass and numbers) and fishing for common carp because of its size and strength.

As pest control

Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural ranges to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The common carp (''Cyprinus carpio'') and the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') are the most important of these, for example in

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

As a pest species

Carp in particular can stir up

sediment Sediment is a solid material that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs naturally and, through the processes of weathering and erosion, is broken down and subsequently sediment transport, transported by the action of ...

, reducing the clarity of the water and making plant growth difficult. In America and Australia, such as the Asian carp in the Mississippi Basin, they have become

invasive species An invasive species is an introduced species that harms its new environment. Invasive species adversely affect habitats and bioregions, causing ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage. The term can also be used for native spec ...

that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment. ''Cyprinus carpio'' is a major pest species in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

impacting freshwater environments, amenity, and the agricultural economy, devastating

biodiversity Biodiversity is the variability of life, life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and Phylogenetics, phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distribut ...

by decimating native fish populations where they first became established as a major pest in the wild in the 1960s. In the major river system of eastern Australia, the Murray-Darling Basin, they constitute 80–90 per cent of fish biomass. In 2016 the federal government announced A$15.2 million to fund the National Carp Control Plan to investigate using Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (carp virus) as a biological control agent while minimising impacts on industry and environment should a carp virus release go ahead. Despite initial, favourable assessment, in 2020 this plan was found to be unlikely to work due to the high fecundity of the fish.

Aquarium fish

Numerous cyprinids have become popular and important within the aquarium and fishpond hobbies, most famously the goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian carp (''Carassius (auratus) gibelio''). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was originally much-fancied by the Chinese nobility as early as 1150AD and, after it arrived there in 1502, also in

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

. In addition to the goldfish, the common carp was bred in Japan into the colorful ornamental variety known as koi — or more accurately , as simply means "common carp" in Japanese — from the 18th century until today. Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines and true barbs. Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...

, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids (tetras) and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria. Some of the most popular cyprinids among aquarists, other than goldfish and koi, include the cherry barb, Harlequin rasbora, pearl danios, rainbow sharks, tiger barbs, and the White Cloud Mountain minnow. One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the zebrafish (''Danio rerio''). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of

vertebrate Vertebrates () are animals with a vertebral column (backbone or spine), and a cranium, or skull. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. The vertebrates make up the subphylum Vertebra ...

s, in particular fish.

Threatened families

Habitat destruction and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

. In particular, the cyprinids of the subfamily Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been severely affected by

pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause harm. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the component ...

and unsustainable water use in the early to mid-20th century. The majority of globally extinct cypriniform species in fact belong to the leuciscinid cyprinids from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Systematics

The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, M ...

in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. Some distinct lineages obviously exist – for example, the Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininaebut the overall

systematics Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies). Phy ...

and

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of

are ''

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'', too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty. Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have coevolved for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family. The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like the Labeoninae or

Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow Family (biology), family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypy, monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenophary ...

also remain doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps ( Hypophthalmichthyinae) with '' Xenocypris'', though, seems quite in error. More likely, the latter are part of the Cultrinae. The entirely

paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...

"Barbinae" and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known. The small African "

s" do not belong in '' Barbus'' '' sensu stricto'' – indeed, they are as distant from the typical barbels and the typical carps (''Cyprinus'') as these are from '' Garra'' (which is placed in the Labeoninae by most who accept the latter as distinct) and thus might form another as yet unnamed subfamily. However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved; therefore, such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature. The tench (''Tinca tinca''), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A

cladistic Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'branch') is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is ...

analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7 ribosomal protein

intron An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word ''intron'' is derived from the term ''intragenic region'', i.e., a region inside a gene."The notion of the cistron .e., gen ...

1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...

subfamily. It also suggests it may be closer to the small

East Asia East Asia is a geocultural region of Asia. It includes China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan, plus two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau. The economies of Economy of China, China, Economy of Ja ...

n '' Aphyocypris'', '' Hemigrammocypris'', and '' Yaoshanicus''. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the

topography Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary sci ...

of that region in the late Paleogene, when their divergence presumably occurred. A DNA-based analysis of these fish places the Rasborinae as the basal lineage with the Cyprininae as a sister clade to the Leuciscinae. The subfamilies Acheilognathinae, Gobioninae, and Leuciscinae are monophyletic.

Subfamilies and genera

'' Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes'' sets out the subfamilies and genera within the family Cyprinidae as follows: * Subfamily Acrossocheilinae L. Yang et al, 2015 ** '' Acrossocheilus'' Oshima, 1919 ** '' Folifer'' H. W. Wu, 1977 ** ''

Onychostoma ''Onychostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia. Species These are the currently recognized species in this genus: * ''Onychostoma alticorpus'' (Masamitsu Ōshima, Ōshima, 1920) (Taiwan ku fish) * ''Onychostoma angustistomatum ...

'' Günther, 1896 * Subfamily Barbinae Bleeker, 1859 ** '' Aulopyge'' Heckel, 1841 ** '' Barbus'' Daudin, 1805 ** '' Caecocypris'' Banister & Bunni, 1980 ** '' Capoeta'' Valenciennes, 1842 ** '' Cyprinion'' Heckel, 1843 ** '' Kantaka'' Hora, 1942 ** '' Luciobarbus'' Heckel, 1843 ** '' Paracapoeta'' Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bektaş, 2022 ** '' Scaphiodonichthys'' Vinciguerra, 1890 ** '' Schizocypris'' Regan, 1914 ** '' Semiplotus'' Bleeker, 1860 * Subfamily Cyprininae Rafinesque, 1815 ** '' Aaptosyax'' Rainboth, 1991 ** '' Albulichthys'' Bleeker, 1860 ** '' Amblyrhynchichthys'' Bleeker, 1860 ** '' Balantiocheilos'' Bleeker, 1860 ** '' Carassioides'' Oshima, 1926 ** '' Carassius'' Jarocki, 1822 ** '' Cosmochilus'' Sauvage, 1878 ** '' Cyclocheilichthys'' Bleeker, 1859 ** '' Cyclocheilos'' Bleeker, 1859 ** '' Cyprinus''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

, 1758 ** '' Discherodontus'' Rainboth, 1989 ** '' Eirmotus'' Schultz, 1959 ** '' Hypsibarbus'' Rainboth, 1996 ** '' Kalimantania'' Bănărescu, 1980 ** '' Laocypris'' Kottelat, 2000 ** '' Luciocyprinus'' Vaillant, 1904 ** '' Mystacoleucus'' Günther, 1868 ** '' Neobarynotus'' Bănărescu, 1980 ** '' Parasikukia'' Doi, 2000 ** '' Paraspinibarbus'' X.-L. Chu & Kottelat, 1989 ** '' Parator'' H. W. Wu, G. R. Yang, P. Q. Yue & H. J. Huang, 1963 ** '' Poropuntius'' H. M. Smith, 1931 ** '' Procypris'' S.-Y. Lin, 1933 ** '' Pseudosinocyclocheilus'' C.-G. Zhang & Y.-H. Zhao, 2016 ** '' Puntioplites'' H. M. Smith, 1929 ** '' Rohteichthys'' Bleeker, 1860 ** '' Sawbwa'' Annandale, 1918 ** '' Scaphognathops'' H.M. Smith, 1945 ** '' Sikukia'' H. M. Smith, 1931 ** '' Sinocyclocheilus'' P.-W. Fang, 1936 ** '' Troglocyclocheilus'' Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999 ** '' Typhlobarbus'' X.-L. Chu & W.-R. Chen, 1982 * Subfamily Labeoninae Bleeker, 1859 ** '' Ageneiogarra'' Garman, 1912 ** '' Altigena'' Burton, 1934 ** '' Bangana'' Hamilton, 1822 ** '' Barbichthys'' Bleeker, 1860 ** '' Ceratogarra'' Kottelat, 2020 ** '' Cirrhinus'' Oken, 1817 ** '' Cophecheilus'' Y. Zhu, E. Zhang, M. Zhang & Y. Q. Han, 2011 ** '' Crossocheilus'' Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 ** '' Decorus'' Zheng, Chen & Yang, 2019 ** '' Diplocheilichthys'' Bleeker, 1859 ** '' Discocheilus'' E. Zhang, 1997 ** ''

Discogobio ''Discogobio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that are found in eastern Asia. So far the 16 species have only been identified from China (11 species) and Vietnam (5 species) wherein each species is Endemism, endemic to the country in which it is fou ...

'' S. Y. Lin, 1931 ** '' Epalzeorhynchos'' Bleeker, 1855 ** '' Fivepearlus'' C.-Q. Li, H. Yang, W. Li & H. Chen 2017 ** '' Garra'' Hamilton, 1822 ** '' Garroides'' V. H. Nguyễn & T.H. N. Vu, 2014 ** '' Guigarra'' Z.-B. Wang, X.-Y. Chen & L.-P. Zheng 2022 ** '' Gymnostomus'' Heckel, 1843 ** '' Henicorhynchus'' H. M. Smith, 1945 ** '' Hongshuia'' E. Zhang, X. Qiang & J. H. Lan, 2008 ** '' Incisilabeo'' Fowler, 1937 ** '' Labeo'' Cuvier, 1816 ** '' Labiobarbus'' van Hasselt, 1823 ** '' Lanlabeo'' M. Yao, Y. He & Z.-G. Peng, 2018 ** '' Linichthys'' E. Zhang & Fang, 2005 ** '' Lobocheilos'' Bleeker, 1854 ** '' Longanalus'' W. X. Li, 2006 ** '' Mekongina'' Fowler, 1937 ** '' Osteochilus'' Günther, 1868 ** '' Paracrossochilus'' Popta, 1904 ** '' Parapsilorhynchus'' Hora, 1921 ** '' Paraqianlabeo'' H.-T. Zhao, Sullivan, Y.-G. Zhang & Z.-G. Peng 2014 ** '' Parasinilabeo'' H. W. Wu, 1939 ** '' Placocheilus'' H.-W. Wu, 1977 ** '' Prolixicheilus'' L.-P. Zheng, X.-Y. Chen & J.-X. Yang, 2016 ** '' Protolabeo'' L. An, B. S. Liu, Y. H. Zhao & C. G. Zhang, 2010 ** '' Pseudocrossocheilus'' E. Zhang & J.-X. Chen, 1997 ** '' Pseudogyrinocheilus'' P.-W. Fang, 1933 ** '' Pseudoplacocheilus'' X. Li, W. Zhou, C. Sun & X. Yun, 2024 ** '' Ptychidio'' Myers, 1930 ** '' Qianlabeo'' E. Zhang & Yi-Yu Chen, 2004 ** '' Rectoris'' S.-Y. Lin, 1935 ** '' Schismatorhynchos'' Bleeker, 1855 ** '' Semilabeo'' Peters, 1881 ** '' Sinigarra'' E. Zhang & W. Zhou, 2012 ** '' Sinilabeo'' Rendahl, 1933 ** '' Sinocrossocheilus'' H.-W. Wu, 1977 ** '' Speolabeo'' Kottelat, 2017 ** '' Stenorynchoacrum'' Y. F. Huang, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2014 ** '' Supradiscus'' X. Li, W. Zhou, C. Sun & X. Yun, 2024 ** '' Tariqilabeo'' Mirza & Saboohi, 1990 ** '' Thynnichthys'' Bleeker, 1859 ** '' Vinagarra'' V. H. Nguyễn & T. A. Bùi, 2009 ** '' Zuojiangia'' L.-P. Zheng, Y. He, J. X. Yang & L.B. Wu 2018 * Subfamily Probarbinae L. Yang et al, 2015 ** '' Catlocarpio'' Boulenger, 1898 ** '' Probarbus'' Sauvage, 1880 * Subfamily Schizopygopsinae Mirza, 1991 ** '' Oxygymnocypris'' W. H. Tsao, 1964 ** '' Ptychobarbus'' Steindachner, 1866 ** '' Schizopygopsis'' Steindachner, 1866 * Subfamily Schizothoracinae McClelland, 1842 ** '' Aspiorhynchus'' Kessler, 1879 ** '' Diptychus'' Steindachner, 1866 ** '' Percocypris'' Y. T. Chu, 1935 ** '' Schizopyge'' Heckel, 1847 ** '' Schizothorax'' Heckel, 1838 * Subfamily

Smiliogastrinae Smiliogastrinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. The fishes in this genus are found in Africa and Asia and are commonly referred to ...

Bleeker, 1863 ** '' Amatolacypris'' Skelton, Swartz & Vreven, 2018 ** '' Barbodes'' Bleeker, 1859 ** ''

Barboides ''Barboides'' is a genus of very small ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae from freshwater habitats in West and Middle Africa. Species *'' Barboides britzi'' Conway Conway may refer to: Places United States * Conway, Arkansas * ...

'' Brüning, 1929 ** '' Bhava'' Sudasinghe, Rüber & Meegaskumbura, 2023 ** '' Caecobarbus'' Boulenger, 1921 ** '' Chagunius'' H.M. Smith, 1938 ** '' Cheilobarbus'' A. Smith 1841 ** '' Clypeobarbus'' Fowler, 1936 ** '' Coptostomabarbus''

David David (; , "beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the third king of the United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. The Tel Dan stele, an Aramaic-inscribed stone erected by a king of Aram-Dam ...

& Poll 1937 ** '' Dawkinsia'' Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012 ** '' Desmopuntius'' Kottelat, 2013 ** '' Eechathalakenda'' Menon, 1999 ** '' Enteromius'' Cope, 1867 ** '' Gymnodiptychus'' Herzenstein, 1892 ** ''

Haludaria ''Haludaria'' is a genus of cyprinids native to freshwater habitats in the Western Ghats of India. Originally the genus was named ''Dravidia'' Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012 which is preoccupied by the dipteran genus ''Dravidia'' Leh ...

'' Pethiyagoda, 2013 ** ''

Hampala ''Hampala'' is a genus of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes. The fishies in this genus are found in South-East Asia. Spe ...

'' Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823 ** '' Namaquacypris'' Skelton, Swartz & Vreven, 2018 ** '' Oliotius'' Kottelat, 2013 ** '' Oreichthys'' H. M. Smith, 1933 ** '' Osteobrama'' Heckel, 1843 ** '' Pethia'' Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura & Maduwage, 2012 ** '' Plesiopuntius'' Sudasinghe, Rüber & Meegaskumbura, 2023 ** '' Prolabeo'' Norman, 1932 ** '' Prolabeops'' Schultz, 1941 ** '' Pseudobarbus'' A. Smith, 1841 ** '' Puntigrus'' Kottelat, 2013 ** '' Puntius'' Hamilton, 1822 ** '' Rohanella'' Sudasinghe, Rüber & Meegaskumbura, 2023 ** '' Rohtee'' Sykes 1839 ** '' Sedercypris'' Skelton, Swartz & Vreven, 2018 ** '' Striuntius'' Kottelat, 2013 ** '' Systomus'' McClelland, 1838 ** '' Waikhomia'' Katwate, Kumkar, Raghavan & Dahanukar, 2020 ** '' Xenobarbus'' Norman, 1923 * Subfamily Spinibarbinae Yang et al, 2015 ** '' Spinibarbichthys'' Oshima, 1926 ** '' Spinibarbus'' Oshima, 1919 * Subfamily Torinae Karaman, 1971 ** '' Acapoeta'' Cockerell, 1910 ** '' Arabibarbus'' Borkenhagen, 2014 ** '' Atlantor'' Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2023 ** ''Carasobarbus'' Stanko Karaman, Karaman, 1971 ** ''Hypselobarbus'' Bleeker, 1860 ** ''Labeobarbus'' Eduard Rüppell, Rüppell, 1835 ** ''Lepidopygopsis'' B. Sundara Raj, B. S. Raj 1941 ** ''Mesopotamichthys'' Karaman, 1971 ** ''Naziritor'' M. R. Mirza, Mirza & M. N. Javed, Javed, 1985 ** ''Neolissochilus'' Rainboth, 1985 ** ''Osteochilichthys'' Hora, 1942 ** ''Pterocapoeta'' Günther, 1902 ** ''Sanagia'' Maximillian Holly, Holly, 1926 ** ''Tor (fish), Tor'' John Edward Gray, Gray, 1834 With such a large and diverse family the taxonomy and phylogenies are always being worked on so alternative classifications are being created as new information is discovered, for example:

Phylogeny

References

External links

{{Authority control Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes families Fish of North America Fish of Asia Fish of Europe Fish of Africa Extant Eocene first appearances