''Cyphomandra'' was a formerly accepted

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

in the plant family

Solanaceae Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many me ...

(the

nightshade Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many me ...

s and relative). It used to contain about 35

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

native to the Americas from

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

southwards to Northern

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

. Recent authors have treated ''Cyphomandra'' as a

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

within the genus ''

Solanum ''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solana ...

'' rather than as a separate genus, uniting the members of the old genus with some other ''Solanum''. This lineage is one among a group related to part of the traditional

subgenus In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

''Leptostemonum''. Thus, if it is preferred to retain the

taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

, ''Cyphomandra'' is probably best considered a section in ''Solanum'' subgenus ''Leptostemonum''. Most grow as shrubs or small trees 2 or 3 metres in height. The best known species is the widely cultivated Tamarillo or tree tomato, but a number of the others are also cultivated as garden plants because of their attractive flowers or fruits. Several other species (e.g. '' S. cajanumense, S. circinatum, S. sibundoyense'') also have fruits that are edible when ripe, and yet others are used as

dye Juan de Guillebon, better known by his stage name DyE, is a French musician. He is known for the music video of the single "Fantasy Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction that involves supernatural or Magic (supernatural), magical ele ...

stuffs or in

folk medicine Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) refers to the knowledge, skills, and practices rooted in the cultural beliefs of various societies, especially Indigenous groups, used for maintaining health and treatin ...

where they are native.

Species

Species contained in the ''Cyphomandra'' clade, with their former

specific epithet In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

s cited if they have significantly changed when moving to ''Solanum'', are:Solanaceae Source

008 008, OO8, O08, or 0O8 may refer to: * "008", a fictional 00 Agent In Ian Fleming's James Bond novels and the derived films, the 00 Section of MI6 is considered the secret service's elite. A 00 (pronounced "Double O") is a field agent who ho ...

/ref> * '' Solanum allophyllum'' (Miers) Standl. * '' Solanum amotapense'' Svenson (= ''Cyphomandra villosa'' Steyerm.) * '' Solanum betaceum'' – Tamarillo (= ''Cyphomandra crassicaulis''(?), ''C. crassifolia'' (Ortega) J.F.Macbr., ''C. crassifolia'' (Ortega) Kuntze, ''C. procera'' Wawra) * '' Solanum cacosmum'' Bohs (''Cyphomandra foetida'' Bohs) * '' Solanum cajanumense'' (= ''Cyphomandra casana'' A.Child) * '' Solanum calidum'' Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra pilosa'' Bohs) * '' Solanum circinatum'' Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra artocarpophylla'' H.J.P.Winkl., ''C. costaricencis'' Donn.Sm., ''C. dendroidea'' Pittier, ''C. dolichorhachis'' Bitter, ''C. hartwegii'' (Miers) Walp., ''C. hartwegii'' ssp. ''ramosa'' Bohs, ''C. heterophylla'' Donn.Sm., ''C. holtonii'' Hochr., ''C. kalbreyeri'' Bitter, ''C. mollicella'' Standl., ''C. naranjilla'' Pittier, ''C. splendens'' Dunal in DC.) * '' Solanum confusum'' C.V.Morton (= ''Cyphomandra adelpha'' (C.V.Morton) A.Child) * '' Solanum corymbiflorum'' (Sendtn.) Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra kleinii'' L.B.Sm. & Downs, ''C. macrophylla'' L.B.Sm. & Downs, ''C. mortoniana'' L.B.Sm. & Down, ''C. patrum'' L.B.Sm. & Downs) * '' Solanum cylindricum'' Vell. (= ''Cyphomandra elliptica'' (Vell.) Sendtn. in Mart., ''C. subhastata'' (L.B.Sm. & Downs) A.Child) * '' Solanum diploconos'' (Mart.) Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra floribunda'' (Miers) Dunal in DC., ''C. fragrans'' (Hook.) Sendtn. in Mart., ''C. piperoides'' Dunal in DC.) * '' Solanum diversifolium'' Dunal (= ''Cyphomandra campanulata'' Moritz ex Steyerm. & Huber, ''C. caracasana'' (Roem. & Schult.) Sendtn., ''C. caudata'' Standl., ''C. chlorantha'' Rusby, ''C. meridensis'' Steyerm. & Rojas) * '' Solanum endopogon'' (Bitter) Bohs * '' Solanum exiguum'' (= ''Cyphomandra benensis'' Britton) * '' Solanum fallax'' (= ''Cyphomandra betacea'' var. ''velutina'' Dunal in DC., ''C. hypomalaca'' Bitter) * '' Solanum fortunense'' (= ''Cyphomandra dolichocarpa'' Bitter) * '' Solanum fusiforme'' L.B.Sm. & Downs * '' Solanum glaucophyllum'' Desf. * '' Solanum hibernum'' Bohs * '' Solanum hutchisonii'' (J.F.Macbr.) Bohs * '' Solanum latiflorum'' (= ''Cyphomandra calycina'' Sendtn., ''C. calycina'' var. ''rufescens'' Dunal in DC.) * '' Solanum luridifuscescens'' Bitter (= ''Cyphomandra glaberrima'' Dusén, ''C. velutina'' Sendtn. in Mart.) * '' Solanum luteoalbum'' * '' Solanum mapiriense'' Bitter (= ''Cyphomandra phytolaccoides'' (Rusby) A.Child) * '' Solanum maranguapense'' Bitter * '' Solanum matadori'' Smith & Downs * '' Solanum maternum'' Bohs * '' Solanum melissarum'' (= ''Cyphomandra capsicoides'' (Miers) Walp., ''C. ciliata'' (Miers) Walp., ''C. divaricata'' (Mart.) Sendtn., ''C. divaricata'' var. ''flexipes'' Sendtn. in Mart., ''C. divaricata'' var. ''herbacea'' Sendtn. in Mart., ''C. laxiflora'' Dunal in DC., ''C. oxyphylla'' Dunal in DC.) * '' Solanum morellifolium'' Bohs * ''

Solanum obliquum ''Solanum campylacanthum'' is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, ...

'' Ruiz & Pav. (= ''Cyphomandra brachypodia'' Sendtn., ''C. coriacea'' (Miers) Walp., ''C. obliqua'' (Ruiz & Pav.) Sendtn., ''C. ulei'' Bitter) * ''

Solanum occultum ''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae ...

'' Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra stellata'' Bohs) * '' Solanum ovum-fringillae'' * '' Solanum oxyphyllum'' C.V.Morton (= ''Cyphomandra fragilis'' Bohs) * '' Solanum paralum'' (= ''Cyphomandra heterophylla'' Taub.) * '' Solanum pelagicum'' Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra cornigera'' Dunal in DC., ''C. maritima'' L.B.Sm. & Downs) * '' Solanum pendulum'' Ruiz & Pav. (= ''Cyphomandra arborea'' H.J.P.Winkl., ''C. subcordata'' Rusby) * '' Solanum pinetorum'' (= ''Cyphomandra angustifolia'' L.B.Sm. & Downs, ''C. hispida'' L.B.Sm. & Downs) * '' Solanum premnifolium'' (Miers) Bohs * '' Solanum proteanthum'' Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra oblongifolia'' Bohs) * '' Solanum rojasianum'' (Standl. & Steyerm.) Bohs * '' Solanum roseum'' (= ''Cyphomandra acuminata'' Rusby) * '' Solanum sciadostylis'' (Sendtn.) Bohs (= ''Cyphomandra reitzii'' L.B.Sm. & Downs) * '' Solanum sibundoyense'' * ''

Solanum stuckertii ''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae ...

'' Bitter * '' Solanum sycocarpum'' (= ''Cyphomandra lobata'' Sendtn. in Mart.) * ''

Solanum tegore ''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanace ...

'' Aubl. (= ''Cyphomandra tejore'' Sendtn. ex Walp.) * '' Solanum tenuisetosum'' (Bitter) Bohs * '' Solanum tobagense'' (= ''Cyphomandra bolivarensis'' Steyerm.) * '' Solanum unilobum'' (Rusby) Bohs

Formerly placed here

Species formerly in the genus ''Cyphomandra'' which are not members of the ''Cyphomandra'' clade are: * '' Solanum abutiloides'' (Griseb.) Bitter & Lillo

Footnotes

References

* (1988): Four new species of ''Cyphomandra'' (Solanaceae) from South America. ''Systematic Botany'' 13(2): 265-275
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* (1989): Ethnobotany of the genus ''Cyphomandra'' (Solanaceae). ''Economic Botany'' 43(2): 143-163 nglish with Spanish abstract (HTML abstract and first page image) * (1994): ''Cyphomandra'' (Solanaceae). ''Flora Neotropica'' 63: 1-175. * (1995): Transfer of ''Cyphomandra'' (Solanaceae) and Its Species to ''Solanum''. ''

Taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

'' 44(4): 583-587
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*

br>Phylogeny
Retrieved 2008-OCT-01. {{Taxonbar, from=Q14944340 Solanum Historically recognized angiosperm genera